Incidence of Enterobius vermicularis in acute appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) in appendectomies in Iran from 1993 to 2018 . Methods: Data were systematically collected on the electronic databases including PubMed, GoogleScholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Irandoc (Bareket), IranMedex, and Scientific Information Database in English or Persian. Six articles including 29694 cases of appendicitis with 258 positive cases of infection withE. vermicularis were eligible to enter into this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of E. vermicularis in appendicitis in Iran was 1% (95%CI=0.00-0.02) with the highest rate of 3% (95%CI=0.02-0.03) and lowest rate of 0% (95%CI=0.00-0.01). Conclusions: Prevalence of E. vermicularis infectionin appendicitis in Iran is low and has no statistically significant correlation with age and gender.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of Enterobius vermicularis among kindergarteners in Shiraz and Khorramabad cities, Iran

Objective: To study the prevalence and genotype of Enterobius(E.)vermicularis from adhesive tape samples in the cities of Shiraz and Khorramabad, Iran. Methods: A total of 1 000 adhesive tape samples from kindergartens in Shiraz(500 samples) and Khorramabad(500 samples) were collected and tested using a microscope to find E. vermicularis egg/s. A questionnaire was filled out for each sample. In order to characterize the genotype of E. vermicularis, the PCR-sequencing method of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1(cox1) gene was used. Genomic DNA was extracted from the positive scotch tape samples of E. vermicularis. The cox1 gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The sequence data were aligned using the BioEdit software and compared with the published sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method. Results: The parasitological method showed that 15 out of the 500 samples from Shiraz(3.00%) and 12 out of the 500 samples from Khorramabad(2.40%) were infected with E. vermicularis eggs. BLAST analysis indicated that the sequenced isolates belonged to E. vermicularis genotype B while three different haplotypes were also identified. Conclusions: This is the first study on genotyping E. vermicularis in the cities of Shiraz and Khorramabad. Considering the public health importance of the disease, further studies are necessary to characterize the genotype of E. vermicularis in human populations from other regions of Iran.

Risk factors for Enterobius vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou, Guangdong, China

Background:Enterobius vermicularis infection is a prevalent intestinal parasitic disease in children.In this study,we explored the epidemiological status and risk factors for E.vermicularis infection in children in southern China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Gaozhou city,Guangdong province,China,in December 2011.Children aged 2–12 years from five schools participated in the study.The adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method was applied to detect E.vermicularis infection,while a questionnaire was sent to each child’s guardian(s)to collect demographic and socioeconomic data,as well as hygiene behaviors,pertaining to each child.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to capture the potential risk factors.Results:Out of the 802 children surveyed,440 were infected with E.vermicularis,with an average prevalence of 54.86%,and a range from 45.96 to 68.13%.The age variable was found to be statistically significant,whereas the sex variable was not.It was found that a mother’s education level(low)and not washing hands before dinner were major risk factors in all children(802).After stratification by age,a father’s education level(primary or below)and biting pencils(or toys)were significant risk factors in the younger children(508),while not washing hands before dinner and playing on the ground were important risk factors in the older children(294).Conclusion:This study demonstrates the prevalence of E.vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou and reveals underlying risk factors.Most importantly,it reveals that risk factors differ among the different age groups,which indicates that different control measures targeted at particular age groups should be implemented.