Spatial Interaction Between the Industrial Undertaking Capacity and Global Value Chain Position of East Asian Countries

A comprehensive understanding of the spatial interaction between the industrial undertaking capability and the position of the global value chain of the 12 East Asian countries is conducive to strengthening regional cooperation, gaining a say in foreign trade and becoming the dominant player in the global division of labor system. The article reveals the operating rules of the interaction between the industrial undertaking capacity and the global value chain position of East Asian countries by calculating the Global Moran Index(Moran’s I), coupling coordination degree and other indicators. The results show that: in time, the values of industrial undertaking capacity and the positions of global value chain in East Asian countries showed a sustained and stable growth trend, and have a consistent trend of change. Spatially, both of the two indexes had significant positive spatial correlation, with Moran’s I showing an ‘inverted U’pattern, and the spatial aggregation distribution of global value chain position lagged behind the spatial aggregation distribution of industrial undertaking capacity by one year. In terms of spatial coupling coordination, the coupling coordination values of the two indicators show a steady upward trend. Combined with the comparative advantage of each country, this paper provides suggestions for promoting the positions of Chinese and other East Asian industries in the global value chain from the perspectives of enhancing independent innovation capability and upgrading industrial structure.

Effects of Global Value Chain Position on the Carbon Emissions of Manufacturing Industry in China: An Empirical Study Based on the STIRPAT Model

Based on the input-output data from the World Input-Output Database( WIOD),the global value chain( GVC) position of China's manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2014 was calculated,and the relationship between the carbon emissions and global value chain position of China's manufacturing industry was studied based on the improved STIRPAT model. The results show that the improvement of global value chain position could significantly reduce the carbon emissions of China's manufacturing industry. In addition,foreign investment and energy structure hindered the low-carbon development of China's manufacturing industry. The effects of population size and research intensity on the carbon emissions of manufacturing industry were not significant. In the process of participating in the global value chain,China's manufacturing industry should effectively reduce carbon emissions by strengthening environmental regulation,optimizing energy structure and improving production technology.

China's Position in Global Value Chains Compared with the EU,U.S.and Japan

By creating a five-country I-O model of China, EU, US, Japan and other countries, this paper decomposes gross export into nine parts and investigates the GVC positions and competitiveness of China and the other three economies for different sectors using real domestic trade in value-added and GVC position indices. In addition, valueadded trade is taken into consideration to identify the labor division characteristics of the four economies in the GVC, which led to the following findings: China participates primarily in the single links of the GVC at the downstream yet shows a significant tendency to move upstream in technology-intensive sectors; Japan participates primarily in the single links of the GVC at the upstream and boasts an advantage in technology-intensive sectors; the US participates in the multiple links of the GVC at the upstream with superiority in hightechnology sectors; the EU participates in the production and export of intermediate goods and final goods at both ends.

How Does Economic Policy Uncertainty Impact a Country's Position in Global Value Chains?

Economic globalization in the 21st century has been characterized by the rise and spread of global value chains(GVCs).It faces significant challenges due to increasing domestic and international policy uncertainty in the context of emerging mega risks like geopolitical tensions and climate change.This paper begins by constructing a theoretical model for an open economy to study how risk-averse firms make decisions regarding the sourcing of intermediate inputs in an uncertain environment.Our model solution proposes that firms will source fewer intermediate inputs from countries with more economic uncertainty.An increase in domestic and foreign uncertainty will have opposite impacts on a country's position in GVCs.In this sense,we argue that a country tends to move downstream along GVCs if its own economic policies become more uncertain,and it tends to move upstream with an increase in the uncertainty of its trading partner countries.Our regression analyses,based on data including the World Input-Output Database,World Development Indicators,the UN Comtrade database,and the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index,provide empirical support for this model-based conclusion.Our findings highlight that a nation must consider foreign economic policy uncertainty and maintain domestic policy stability to participate in GVCs.

Digital Trade Rules and the Position of Chinese Enterprises in the Global Value Chain

Digital trade rules and higher positions of enterprises in the global value chain(GVC)are both important topics in the context of high-quality economic development.This paper refers to the data of RTA digital trade rules concluded by China in the TAPED database in 2000-2014 and the matched data in the WIOD database,the China Customs Import and Export Database and the China Industrial Enterprise Database to investigate the effects of digital trade rules on Chinese enterprises as to their ascending GVC positions.It finds that signing the RTA digital trade rules can steadily and significantly promote the position ascendance;compared with the digitalization rules on trading objects,signing the digitalization rules on trade modes produces greater effects of driving up the positions,which are realized mainly via the three channels of advancing cross-border flow of R&D factors,promoting corporate digital transformation,and improving professional management.Digital trade rules that are horizontally broader and vertically deeper are in greater favor of Chinese enterprises for ascending in the global value chain,which is especially evident among those in digital industry and processing trade.During the negotiations of digital trade rules,it's imperative to pay close attention to the rules on e-commerce cooperation,awareness of e-commerce importance,intellectual property protection,attempts in big data-related trade in goods,and cross-border data flow,so as to secure the core interests of Chinese enterprises in gaining higher positions.This paper offers great policy implications as to how to sign digital trade rules by China in the future and how to select partners in greater support for Chinese enterprises to ascend to the middle and high end of the global value chain.

Human Capital Expansion and Global Value Chain Upgrading:Firm-level Evidence from China

Firms actively participate in the production of the global value chain(GVC),which is an important driving force for economic development.Using a difference-in-difference method,our research shows that industries that are relatively more human-capital intensive experienced a larger GVC position upgrading after 2003 than they had in prior years.Second,mechanism analysis shows that human capital expansion increases firms’GVC position not only through an imported intermediate input effect but also through an innovation effect.Third,this study shows that increases in the college-educated labor force have a heterogeneous effect on a firm's GVC position across firms’various characteristics.Human capital expansion has the largest positive effect on state-owned firms relative to foreign and domestic private firms.Human capital expansion has also significantly improved the GVC position of firms located in China's eastern and central regions.The findings of this study indicate that it helps upgrading the GVC position of Chinese firms.

数字服务监管异质性如何影响中国的相对分工地位?——基于DSTRI数据库的实证研究

数字时代的经济利益诉求的差异,导致中国与其他国家在数字治理和监管层面存在分歧。本文将亚洲银行ADB数据库与OECD数字DSTRI监管数据库匹配,得出2014—2017年中国与39个伙伴国共14个制造业分类的双边数据,实证检验中国与贸易伙伴国之间数字服务监管异质性对中国相对GVC分工地位影响。研究发现:(1)双边数字服务监管异质性通过制约中国制造业价值增值和技术创新两个渠道,整体上阻碍了中国制造业相对GVC地位的提升。(2)对伙伴国分组进行回归分析可知,中国与发达国家之间的数字服务监管异质性,相比于发展中国家而言,对于中国制造业相对GVC地位的抑制作用更显著。同时,行业分组结果显示,数字服务监管异质性对于中低技术密集型制造业的相对GVC分工地位的抑制作用比高技术密集型制造业更强。(3)扩展研究发现,与伙伴国签订数字贸易协定,能有效缓解数字服务监管异质性对制造业相对GVC地位的负面影响。中国应加强与伙伴国之间的数字监管合作,推进国际数字规则的多边协调。

Has Global Division of Labor Increased Markup of Chinese Enterprises?

The paper calculates the number of production stages for measurement of production segmentation,and discusses and depicts the microscopic impacts and effects of production segmentation of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup.The DLW method is used to calculate the markup of Chinese enterprises,the fi xed-effect model is used to analyze the impact of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup,and an instrumental variable method is constructed to relieve endogeneity.The research findings show that enterprises have significantly increased their markup by choosing global production segmentation,international production segmentation and domestic production segmentation.Global production segmentation can significantly increase the markup of low-productivity enterprises,hi-tech enterprises and private enterprises.Particularly,low-productivity enterprises choose international production segmentation and hi-tech enterprises choose domestic production segmentation.Production segmentation can offset to a certain extent low markup of export enterprises and domestic-oriented enterprises caused by the“competition effect”.In addition,enterprises’“technological progress effect”and“trade cost effect”are two possible channels by which production segmentation facilitates the increase of markup.The paper enriches and expands the literature about the impacts of labor division of the global value chain on enterprise markup,the robustness is analyzed from the perspectives of enterprise heterogeneity,industrial&technical heterogeneity and structure,and the impact mechanism is validated through the intermediate effect model.Our important findings are of important implications for solving the“low markup trap”of Chinese enterprises and enhancing labor division of the global value chain of enterprises.

Impacts of China's Emergence on the World Economy: A Value Chain Perspective

This paper sheds light on the demand-side impact of China’s emergence on the world economy from a value chain perspective. A measure linking final demand with value-added in the context of global value chains is developed. Data from the World Input-Output Database is used to analyze foreign value-added induced by final demand in China. It is found that foreign value-added to meet final demand in China increases over time except during 2008–2009, proving that China has a significant power to shape the world economy through its final demand. Besides, it is found that about88% of foreign value-added is absorbed in China through intermediate imports. In addition, how and to what extend the final demand in China contributes to other countries’ GDP growth is investigated.Results show that continuous increase in foreign value-added absorbed in China becomes a ballooning source of economic growth, and final demand in China is rather a remedy in aftermath of the global recession during 2008–2009. Finally, it is found that the increase in foreign value-added absorbed in China is due not only to the surge in final demand but also to bullwhip effect along global value chains.

全球价值链数字化对中国制造业企业国际分工地位的影响

数字技术发展使全球价值链分工体系向数字化重构并深刻影响中国制造业高质量发展。本文基于K-T数理模型分析开放经济条件下数字中间品投入、出口国内增加值与国际分工地位的相互关系,构建全球价值链数字化与企业国际分工地位的理论分析机制。研究发现:全球价值链数字化通过全要素生产率、贸易成本、产品质量和创新能力这4个渠道提升中国制造业企业国际分工地位;全球价值链数字化对资本密集型企业、一般贸易企业及非国有企业的国际分工地位提升效应较强;全球价值链数字化对知识产权保护较好且研发投入较多地区的企业国际分工地位提升效应较显著。因此,建议从加大国内数字技术研发力度、采用差异化战略引导及加强数字技术知识产权保护等方面激发企业参与全球价值链数字化分工活力,提升企业国际竞争力,促进中国制造业高质量发展。

场景驱动中国制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升路径——双重价值链差异性嵌入视角

“双循环”新发展格局下,中国制造业在产业组织形态上既嵌入国内价值链充分依托广袤市场的多元化禀赋,同时又嵌入全球价值链参与国际分工实现动态转型升级,但关于场景驱动制造企业创新的探讨还相对少见。为此,选取中国制造业实现全球价值链攀升的微观基础——制造企业为研究对象,基于场景化要素嵌入背景,以国内价值链嵌入广度和全球价值链嵌入高度为评价指标,考察在国内和全球双重价值链差异性嵌入情境下场景驱动制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升的路径。从知识创新与扩散、产业集聚与升级、市场拓展与创造、生产性服务支撑4种因素间关系着手,通过对4个典型案例的分析发现,场景驱动制造企业创新实现全球价值链攀升有4条路径:链主企业通过创造需求场景实现全球价值链高位势嵌入;链主企业通过破坏创新场景实现全球价值链颠覆性嵌入;“专精特新”企业通过迭代升级场景实现全球价值链动态化嵌入;“专精特新”企业通过跨界经营场景实现全球价值链错位性嵌入。据此,提出中国制造企业应依据自身在国内和全球双重价值链网络的嵌入广度和高度设计合理的场景驱动创新方式,推进链主企业所属制造业圈层体系根植共生,同时政府及相关管理机构应当更为深入推进产业链、价值链、供应链的数字化建设。

新型数字基础设施如何影响中国制造业GVC参与?

当前,新型基础设施能够产生各种积极的经济效应,虽然已被理论和实证研究广泛证实,但现有研究鲜有关注其对制造业全球价值链(GVC)参与的影响。在研究视角上,与现有文献关注于传统基础设施不同,本文着重从新型数字基础设施的作用视角,探讨影响中国参与全球价值链分工的因素,从而拓展和深化有关中国参与全球价值链影响因素的认识。在研究内容上,本文在理论和实证层面分析新型数字基础设施对中国参与全球价值链产生影响的作用机制,可从新型数字基础设施建设角度,探寻促进中国攀升全球价值链的更好对策建议。在研究方法上,尤其是在全球价值链分工地位的指标构建上,本文还尝试突破现有文献构建指标的不足,创新性地从企业层面构建能够更好地反映全球价值链分工地位的科学指标。研究结果在中国制造业亟待进一步深度融入全球价值链、提升全球价值链分工地位,进而迈向高水平开放的关键阶段,有着重要的政策启示作用。

全球价值链的脱钩与反脱钩:来自中国制造业企业微观数据的经验证据

本文基于中国制造业上市公司的微观数据和WIOD及亚行的世界投入产出表数据,考察美国的价值链脱钩策略对中国企业创新内在动力的激发效应和对中国全球价值链地位攀升的影响。研究发现:首先,美国的价值链脱钩策略对中国企业创新内在动力存在显著的正向激发作用,且激发效应能够抵消遏制效应。其次,脱钩策略对中国全球价值链地位攀升的叠加效应显著为正,与产业上游度负相关,表明美国的脱钩策略并不会阻断中国全球价值链地位的攀升和产业技术水平的提高。最后,中国企业自主创新对FDI技术外溢的吸收和转化等“学习效应”过于依赖,存在“低质低效”的双低现象,降低了价值链地位攀升的效率。FDI对产业价值链地位有显著的提升作用,但对国内企业“高质高效”的自主创新具有抑制作用。本文结论为提高企业自主创新质量和效率以及价值链地位提供了政策启示。

中国产业攀升全球价值链:发展动态、国际比较及对策启示

文章按要素密集度划分产业结构,分别利用前后向参与度、增加值技术复杂度以及基于前后向联系的生产长度构造指标,测度产业在全球价值链生产中的相对价值输出地位、产业控制力水平和生产位置。在此基础上,先从净贡献和产业控制力水平角度分析我国不同类型产业自加入WTO以来嵌入全球价值链的发展趋势,再与美德日韩四国进行同业比较,以掌握国际发展动态,最后以优势国家生产位置为参照,结合现实情况,分析我国不同类型产业攀升全球价值链面临的挑战。

数字技术对制造业全球价值链分工地位升级影响研究

随着数字技术进步及其在经济各领域的快速应用,其对产业全球价值链(GVC)地位升级的推动作用日益显著。基于OECD-TiVA联合发布TiVA数据库2006—2018年的数据,以64个经济体为研究样本,实证检验数字技术对制造业GVC分工地位升级的影响。研究结果显示:数字技术显著促进制造业GVC分工地位的升级;提高劳动生产率、优化人力资本结构以及刺激消费需求,是数字技术促进制造业GVC分工地位升级的作用机制。异质性分析表明:数字技术对于低互联网发展水平以及中低收入经济体GVC分工地位升级的促进作用更为明显。据此提出,增强数字技术对我国制造业GVC分工地位升级的促进作用,应大幅提升我国数字技术创新和应用能力;增强贸易规则话语权,推动“数字贸易”发展;加快培养数字技术人才,加速推动消费结构升级。

数据要素市场化对中国企业全球价值链分工的影响

选取中国工业企业数据和海关贸易数据,实证考察数据要素市场化对企业全球价值链分工的影响以及作用机制。研究结果显示,数据要素市场化可显著促进企业深度参与全球价值链分工;机制检验结果表明,产业结构升级效应和技术创新效应是数据要素市场化驱动企业深度参与全球价值链分工的重要渠道;异质性检验表明,数据要素市场化对非东部地区企业全球价值链分工的促进作用更明显。有鉴于此,应持续深化数据要素市场化改革、加快建设现代产业体系、大力发展数智经济核心产业、实施差异化发展战略,以期提高企业嵌入全球价值链分工体系的附加价值。

嵌入与重构:全球价值链分工的演进逻辑

全球价值链(GVC)是国际分工合作进一步深化的结果,其源于发达国家产业结构调整和发展中国家经济发展战略转变的相互契合。随着内在动力和外部约束条件的变化,参与GVC分工合作的各经济主体随即开始调整经济行为,其结果表现为GVC的解构和重构。本文从多个视角对GVC重构进行分析,有助于更全面地认识GVC分工演进的内在逻辑。研究发现:(1)GVC分工成为国际分工的标志性特征之一,已成为世界经济发展的支柱和中枢神经系统,三大区域价值链逐渐形成并稳固;(2)超大规模市场提升了中国对GVC的影响,且技术进步推动中国逐渐向GVC中高端环节攀升;(3)GVC重构源于技术进步、经济特征以及政治环境三方面的动因;(4)GVC重构本土化、区域化和多元化三大趋势会对中国各方面产生现实挑战。

国内贸易网络与企业全球价值链地位——基于市场可达性的中介效应

现代经济生产与分工日渐网络化,促使国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位攀升的重要作用逐步凸显。文章基于2012—2022年我国上市公司和中国海关匹配数据,考察国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的影响和作用机制。研究结果表明:国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位具有显著促进作用;中介机制检验结果显示,市场可达性在国内贸易网络影响企业全球价值链地位过程中发挥中介作用;门槛效应检验发现,在市场可达性较高地区,国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的促进作用更强;异质性检验表明,国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的正向影响在高生产率企业和中低质量产品企业中更显著。据此,文章提出跨区域拓展与延伸国内贸易网络、制定差异化扶持策略、借助于现有交通网络深化市场可达性等对策建议,以期更好助力企业实现全球价值链地位攀升。

全球价值链参与、数字化能力与企业韧性

在国际环境不确定性风险日益增加的背景下,增强韧性对企业发展具有重要意义。将企业韧性刻画为稳健性和敏捷性两个维度,实证检验参与全球价值链和数字化能力对企业韧性的影响。研究发现,全球价值链参与对企业韧性有双重影响。GVC企业受冲击后保持运营的概率更小,销售额下降更大,稳健性越弱,但更有能力调整其生产或服务,创新业务模式,敏捷性较高。国家工业实力强可减轻对GVC企业的冲击,增强其稳健性。具备数字化能力的企业受冲击后稳健性强,数字化对商业模式调整影响显著,但对生产服务转变影响不明显。在高收入国家和低技术制造业中,数字化对企业韧性的影响更为显著。

数字产业集群发展水平如何影响企业全球价值链地位——基于中国122个城市的经验证据

识别数字产业集群影响企业全球价值链地位的机制,是打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群路径。利用A股上市公司的空间匹配数据,研究数字产业集群发展水平对企业全球价值链地位的影响。结果表明:数字产业集群发展水平与企业全球价值链地位间存在“倒U型”关系,一系列内生性和稳健性检验后结论仍然成立;数字产业集群通过贸易利润、市场集中度和供应链集中度影响企业全球价值链地位,并因企业所在城市和行业而异;恰当的数字产业集群对相关企业提供较低的要素成本、广阔的协同合作空间与知识共享,过度的数字产业集群带来“同质化竞争”和供应链与行业“头部固化”,以及压缩企业盈利空间,减少企业信息共享与产品服务创新。