Identification of Antioxidant Additives in Food Products Sold in Dakar Markets

The use of food additives in industrial production has the advantage of improving sensory properties, technological quality and extending the shelf life of foods. Among the most widely used additives are antioxidants, which prevent oxidation, browning and rancidity reactions in foods. However, the strong presence of these additives on the market is not without risks for human health, and should be controlled to guarantee food safety. Analysis of the risks associated with consumption of foods containing these additives requires, among other things, information on the frequency of use of these additives in various consumer products. The aim of this study is therefore to identify the antioxidants present in industrial food products distributed in Dakar. The methodology adopted consists of a qualitative analysis based on the identification of additives from food labels. Investigations were carried out in 9 stores, 4 superettes and 2 supermarkets located in different districts of Dakar. The results revealed the presence of 12 antioxidant additives, dominated by citric acid (53%) and ascorbic acid (29%). These studies have also highlighted the simultaneous use of several antioxidants in the same food product. Moreover, for some artificial antioxidants identified antioxydant such as BHA and BHT, health risks are associated with their consumption. The results of this study open up prospects for the development of information databases on food additives.

Direct farm, production base, traceability and food safety in China

With the rapid growth of China＇s economy, rising demand for safety food has been accompanied by frequent food safety scandals. Given that China＇s farming is dominated by millions of small-scale farms, ensuring food safety is a major challenge facing the public and private sectors. The direct farm （DF） program, initiated in 2008, represents one of the government＇s major initiatives to modernize the distribution of fresh fruit and vegetables （FFV） and improve food safety. Under the DF program, participating national and international retailers are expected to establish more direct procurement relationships with farm communities. While it is often claimed that greater participation by retailers in the production and post-harvest processing implied the DF program will lead to improved quality, safety and traceability, systematic evidence remains elu- sive as existing studies are largely narrative, based on case studies, or theoretical inference. Little empirical evidence is available for a broader evaluation of the DF program. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the overall performance of a single retailer＇s DF experience with respect to the procurement and food safety of FFV. We use data from a survey of production managers of 35 DF production bases （PBs） spread across 11 provinces, 3 cities and 1 autonomous region in China. The results show a mixture of opportunities and challenges. On one hand, the DF program improves production practices and distribution channels of FFV produced on its PBs, thus facilitating the move of China＇s food system towards improved food safety compliance. On the other hand, significant heterogeneity in the traceability of food and the ability of DF to meet higher safety standards is evident both across major product categories and across household-operated vs. firm-operated PBs. The paper concludes with policy implications.

Study on Parameters of Consumer Preferences for Alternative Wheat Products (Gluten-Free Foods) in USA and India

Celiac Disease (CD) is an inherited, autoimmune disorder in which proteins from the grains wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten) damage the small intestine. The only treatment for CD is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. With a prevalence rate of about one in 100-133 people worldwide. Celiac disease is wide-spread across the globe. Unlike traditional allergies, which cause immediate reactions, gluten sensitivity is harder to pin down since it manifests gradually and in various forms like headaches, stomach cramps, bloating, anxiety, and depression. Due to complicated diagnosis procedure and lack of awareness, many cases are either misdiagnosed or not at all diagnosed in India and USA. In spite of high growth, gluten-free foods are facing problems to grain ground in Asian market, due to high price, lack of awareness about the products, large number of un-diagnosed cases and inefficient value chain for gluten-free products. One of the major issues in India and USA is very high prices of gluten-free foods as compared to regular food products. Globally, the market potential of gluten free products is estimated to be USD 4639.13 Million and USD 7594.43 Million in 2015 and 2020 respectively. The global gluten free food market is projected to grow with a CAGR between 9 percent and 10.2 percent during 2016-2022. The study on consumer preference of gluten-free foods would enable manufacturers of gluten-free foods to understand the current and evolving expectations of consumers and to design the products according. Study of two countries i.e., India and USA would enable manufacturers to understand the difference in choices and preferences related to gluten-free foods for both the nations. This study would help manufacturers of alternative wheat product to form the concrete marketing and product development strategy based on recent consumer behavior trends.

Technological Innovation of Agricultural Products Processing Enterprises from the Perspective of Modern Marketing——A Case of Agricultural Products Processing Enterprises in Hubei Province,China

The science and technology development of agricultural products processing enterprises in Hubei Province is analyzed.From the perspective of modern marketing,problems in the research and development work of agricultural products processing enterprises are analyzed from the aspects of market,personal training and technology radiation,which are mainly the lack of close connection with market.Countermeasures for the technological innovation of agricultural products processing enterprises are put forward,such as establishing modern enterprise culture with innovative features,strengthening the market benefits of brand,constructing a comprehensive customer orientation information platform,scientifically predicting and developing the market,doing well in market positioning of enterprise,selecting corresponding technology innovation strategy,taking technological innovation strategy as the basis,realizing the transformation from "4P" marketing combination to "4C",cultivating technical personnel,and realizing the integration of professional skill and marketing ability.

Overview of the Consumer Behavior Study in the Markets of Food Products(1998-2018),Based on the Author’s Interpretation of the Consumer's Requirements in the System of Values that Influence on the Consumer Market Behavior

The purpose of this study was to review the results of a 20-year study in the author’s interpretation of the needs for food products and the value system that determines the market behavior of consumers in the food markets.The scientific novelty of the research is the following results:a)The author’s interpretation of the needs for food products,as consisting of three components:(1)The actual need for food(physiological need);(2)the need for emotions obtained from eating(psychological need);and(3)the need for market products that can meet the physiological needs of emotional expectations and social needs(socio-psychological and economic need);b)Interdisciplinary approach to the study of consumer behavior that led to the author’s interpretation of the value of the research methods outlined in the works of J.N.Sheth et al.,extended and supplemented in the study of Galina V.Astratova(1998);c)Identification of the fact that the importance of components in the system of values,according to the results of research,is different for different food products.This allows simulating more clearly the behavior of the consumer in the development of a marketing-mix and developing a marketing strategy based on targeting.

Analysis on the Status Quo and Countermeasures of Food Enterprise Management

In recent years,with the progress and development of China's social economy,the living conditions of our people have been significantly improved,which has indirectly led to the development of the food processing industry and has brought tremendous contributions to the national economy.However,in the process of development of food enterprises,there are still problems such as lack of food safety awareness,imperfect management system,and inadequate government supervision,and food safety problems often occur.Based on this,in order to reduce food safety risks and promote the healthy development of the food industry,this paper proposes countermeasures such as optimizing the enterprise supervision and management system,building a sound supervision and management system,improving the level of automated production,and improving employee responsibility and belonging.Through these measures,it is possible to ensure the safe production of food enterprises,provide people with safe food,and promote the sustainable development of China's food enterprises.

新媒体背景下饲料产品的广告宣传策略

数字技术改变了人们的生活、学习和工作方式。其中,新媒体展现了个性化、实时性、受众面广、交互性强、内容丰富多样等特点,备受年轻用户的青睐。面对新媒体的海量用户群体,越来越多的企业选择在新媒体中开展广告宣传,饲料企业也不例外。从作用来看,新媒体广告宣传不仅能丰富宣传渠道,降低运营成本,而且能提高饲料产品的知名度。为此,饲料企业要借助新媒体的影响力,不断完善饲料产品的广告宣传策略,从而为饲料产品的促销及饲料企业的可持续发展奠定基础。

诉讼事件披露、企业风险与商业信用融资——基于信号传递理论的分析

以2010—2020年间A股上市公司为研究样本,考察供应链中诉讼事件披露对商业信用融资的影响。研究发现,诉讼事件披露会导致企业商业信用融资减少,且涉诉总金额越大,诉讼事件披露对商业信用融资的负向影响越严重。作用机制检验结果表明,诉讼事件披露主要通过增加企业经营风险和信息风险两条路径对商业信用融资产生影响。调节效应分析显示,供应链集中度越高、产品市场竞争越激烈,诉讼事件披露与商业信用融资之间的负相关关系越强。进一步研究发现,披露败诉结果和诉讼赔偿会加剧诉讼事件对商业信用融资的负向影响;当诉讼类型与供应链业务相关时,诉讼事件对商业信用融资的负向影响更强,但若涉诉企业为主诉方,则这种影响较弱。此外,较高的内部控制质量有利于缓解诉讼事件披露对商业信用融资的负向影响;随着涉诉总金额的增加,供应链上下游会更加不信任涉诉企业,进而导致其所能获得的商业信用融资进一步减少。

中国情境下商品流通对异质性企业贸易理论的扩展

异质性企业贸易理论具备诠释作用的先决条件是商品流通渠道的顺畅无阻,而某些外部事件所造成的冲击会阻碍人员与商品的正常流通,这会削弱维持经济运行的市场交易动能。当把研究视角放在跨越领土边界的国际贸易时,其所受到的冲击要比国内贸易更加严重,甚至会出现完全阻断国际商品流通渠道的情形。对比异质性企业贸易理论的基本观点,中国在特定时期内应对外部冲击所采取的出口产品转内销实践与原理论难以相容。尽管不能因为特殊情况就否定经济理论的贡献,但依托外在冲击所造成的贸易阻断状况以及帮扶性公共政策的实际影响去进一步思考理论的成立条件,会有新的发现并有望扩展原有的理论。通过构建生产者尽力追求盈利、理性消费者想要获得最大满足与政策制定者为民谋利益的三维决策框架,研究发现能和三方最优选择相容的出口产品转内销的具体举措,主要体现在如何让国内商品流通渠道变得更为畅通,从而在实践层面指明了利用商品流通顺畅程度拓展异质性企业贸易理论的具体方向。在加快构建新发展格局以及建设全国统一大市场的背景下,维持本土市场主体需求的安全与稳定具有必要性,这亦是异质性企业贸易理论与商品流通顺畅程度相结合的理论内涵之一。

碳市场建立对非控排企业绿色创新的影响研究

以尚未纳入碳交易体系的上市公司为样本,基于溢出效应框架分析碳市场建立对非控排企业环保决策的影响。研究发现,客户被纳入碳市场交易促进了非控排供应商企业的绿色创新。其作用机制在于,碳交易下的控排企业绿色创新具有基于生产网络的压力效应和动力效应,能够激发关联非控排企业的绿色创新意愿,并助推其绿色创新能力提升。这一溢出效应有助于实现非控排企业绿色创新增量提质,且该过程具有方向性,碳市场建立并不存在基于生产网络“自上而下”的治理效果外溢,相关影响在非控排企业客户集中度较高、绿色创新基础较好及环境不确定性较高时更加明显。此外,碳市场建立的绿色创新溢出效应对于推动非控排企业可持续发展具有积极作用。研究结论为高效发挥碳市场绿色治理效果、深化环保改革以促进经济高质量发展提供了管理启示。

战略差异度对企业市场价值的影响

以2011—2020年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验战略差异度作用于企业市场价值的传导路径。研究发现,战略差异度对企业市场价值具有显著的正向影响,战略差异度越大的企业其市场价值越高;对内在机制的研究表明,战略差异度可以通过研发投入和产品竞争优势两个独立中介路径以及“促进研发投入→增强产品竞争优势”的链式中介路径提高企业市场价值;此外,基于战略定位的分样本检验显示,战略差异度与企业市场价值的正向链式中介关系只有在实施较高差异化战略的企业中才显著成立。

控股股东财务资助与企业价值创造——基于民营上市公司的经验证据

党的二十大报告再次重申“两个毫不动摇”,为民营企业价值创造提供强有力的政策支持,而融资方式是影响企业价值的重要因素之一。控股股东财务资助凭借其融资成本低、内部风险可控等优势,成为民营企业融资新渠道。以2007—2021年沪深A股民营上市公司为样本,实证检验了控股股东财务资助对企业价值创造的影响。研究结果发现,控股股东财务资助对企业价值创造具有显著的正向影响。作用机制研究表明,控股股东财务资助通过降低税收负担激发企业价值创造。异质性分析表明,控股股东财务资助对企业价值创造的促进作用随着产品市场竞争程度的提高而增强,且对小规模企业的影响更加明显。研究既丰富了控股股东财务资助的经济后果及企业价值创造影响因素方面的文献,又为相关部门制定政策制度提供参考以及民营上市公司有效融资提供了理论依据。

数字经济发展对涉农企业创新投入的影响研究

近年来,数字经济成为推动涉农企业创新发展的重要因素。以2011-2020年沪深两市A股涉农上市公司数据为样本,理论分析数字经济发展对涉农企业创新投入的影响机理,实证检验两者间关系并分析影响路径。研究表明,数字经济发展可有效促进涉农企业创新投入,主要通过提高风险承担能力以及增强产品市场竞争来影响涉农企业创新投入;数字经济发展对涉农企业创新投入的影响存在地区经济发展水平和企业生命周期的异质性。基于此,提出各级政府应持续推进数字经济发展,并实施差异化发展政策,推动数字经济发展对涉农企业创新投入的促进作用;同时涉农企业要充分利用大数据、互联网以及区块链等科技产品提高自身能力,从而提高创新投入强度。

粮食产销平衡区耕地非粮化时空分异及驱动类型

为探究粮食产销平衡区耕地非粮化率时空分异,识别其驱动类型,本研究采用空间自相关模型对2005—2020年山西省耕地非粮化率时空演变特征进行分析,利用随机森林模型分析耕地非粮化率影响因素,利用主成分分析法和K-Means聚类法探究山西省耕地非粮化驱动类型。结果表明:从时间上看,耕地非粮化率由2005年的50.21%下降到2020年的40.05%,呈“W”型波动,超过山西省粮食安全阈值11.45个百分点;从空间上看,耕地非粮化率差异显著,呈现西北高、东南低的分布格局;从空间集聚类型上看,2005—2020年山西省耕地非粮化率全局莫兰指数先下降后上升,空间集聚效应加强,主要以高高集聚和低低集聚为主。土地生产率、年降水量、各县到省会中心的距离对耕地非粮化率变化起主要作用,且均与耕地非粮化率呈负相关。山西省耕地非粮化驱动类型主要分为资源禀赋型、交通便利型、农业支持型和经济作物增长型。识别山西省耕地非粮化驱动类型,制定针对性的管控措施,对于保护农业发展和粮食安全具有重要的理论和现实意义。

产品市场竞争、企业成长性与资本结构调整速度关系研究

文章以2010—2020年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,采用系统广义矩估计的方法,实证分析了产品市场竞争、企业成长性与资本结构调整速度之间的关系。实证研究表明:(1)资本结构的调整速度随着产品市场竞争程度的提高而提高;(2)企业成长性越高,资本结构的调整速度越快;(3)企业成长性的提高使产品市场竞争激烈的企业资本结构调整速度提高更快。

双循环背景下中国双向FDI协调发展与企业出口产品质量

“双循环”新发展格局背景下,探讨双向FDI协调发展的出口产品质量效应,对于培育提高贸易竞争力的新动能、建设贸易强国具有重要意义。本文基于中国工业企业数据与中国海关数据,实证检验我国双向FDI协调发展与企业出口产品质量之间的影响关系与作用机制。研究发现:双向FDI的协调发展显著促进了我国出口产品质量的提升;机制分析发现,双向FDI协调发展有助于推动产业结构高级化,增强产业专业化集聚效应,提高市场竞争程度,促进我国出口产品质量升级。此外,双向FDI协调发展对企业出口产品质量的提升效应也存在不同程度的区域异质性和企业特征异质性。

电力市场化改革对川渝地区天然气生产企业用电成本影响分析

为了应对电力交易市场化改革和绿电绿证交易发展,为天然气生产企业在川渝地区科学制定电力交易方案提供决策参考,以企业市场交易对策和方案为研究对象,分析了天然气生产企业的用电负荷特性以及川渝地区的市场和政策特点,测算采用不同电力交易方式对企业用电成本的影响,提出了适用于川渝地区天然气生产企业的电力交易策略。研究结果表明:①分时电价对生产企业用电成本影响较大,针对非连续作业的生产流程,可通过专项错峰填谷的方案优化用电空间;②四川省参与市场化交易可有效降低到户电价,重庆市由于市场主要以火电为主,国网代理和市场交易购电没有价格差,参加市场化交易无法降低用电费用;③企业需要综合考虑电力市场化交易的进度保障、偏差考核及成本控制等因素选择售电公司,有助于提高议价能力及降低运营成本。结论认为:①优化成本中心设置方式,将单个机构的用能绩效考核调整为虚拟成本中心的绩效考核,可提升全公司的用能绩效;②探索建立企业参与绿电交易的评估体系,规划不同市场阶段的绿电购买量和购买路径,帮助企业实现清洁化用电。