This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of...This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of China's rural social welfare system.Cross-sectional surveys of 1392 young and middle-aged rural residents were conducted in July and August2012.The results showed that while social insurance was increasingly acceptable,personal savings and family support still had fundamental value.Combining the three mechanisms,the rural old-age welfare system presented nontraditional features.China's new rural endowment insurance is discussed as a means to address the need for financial support among the rural aging population.展开更多
Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics, histological types, stage at diagnosis and treatment between young (< or =40 years) and older (> or =70 years) patients with lung cancer. Methods: The study wa...Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics, histological types, stage at diagnosis and treatment between young (< or =40 years) and older (> or =70 years) patients with lung cancer. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective review of 808 lung cancer patients referred to the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital over a 6-year period from 1995 to 2001. Data regarding demographics, presentation symptoms, histology, tumor staging, and treatment modality were obtained from all patients. Results: We found significantly more female patients and adenocarcinoma in the younger group compared with the older patients. Cough was the most common presenting symptom in both the younger and older groups followed by dyspnea, hemoptysis in the older group or chest pain in the younger group. There was no difference in the stage of disease at initial presentation between the younger and older groups. The young patients tended to receive aggressive treatment more readily than the older patients, and the older patients frequently received supportive care only. Conclusion: The female sex and adenocarcinoma were predominant in young patients compared with the older patients. Young patients tended to receive more aggressive treatment and may have better survival.展开更多
Reports on physical functions during maintenance period of the elderly with cardiac and other serious diseases are limited. This study aims to clarify age and gender-related differences in their physical functions. Pa...Reports on physical functions during maintenance period of the elderly with cardiac and other serious diseases are limited. This study aims to clarify age and gender-related differences in their physical functions. Participants included 167 elderly individuals (males, 78;mean age, 76.5 years;SD = 6.0 years;females, 89;mean age, 75.5 years;SD = 4.5 years) who participated in a 1-year regular exercise therapy twice a week. The following eight physical function tests were selected: grip strength, 10-m obstacle walking time, one-legged balance with eyes open, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, 6-min walk, stepping by sitting position, and a timed up & go (TUG). Two-way analysis of variance was used to examine mean differences by gender and age: young elderly group (aged 65 - 74 years) and old elderly group (aged ≥ 75 years). In the grip strength, sit-ups, 6-min walk, 10-m obstacle walking time, stepping by sitting position, and sitting trunk flexion tests, males were superior in the former four tests, and females were superior in the latter two tests. The young elderly group was superior in all tests except for sit-ups compared with the old elderly group. The balance during one-legged with eyes open test was superior in males compared with females in the young elderly group, but decreased in males in the old elderly group. In conclusion, physical functions of the elderly during maintenance period are different between genders. Muscle strength, muscle endurance, whole-body endurance, and walking ability are superior in males, whereas flexibility and agility are superior in females. The old elderly group was inferior in all the elements of physical function except muscle endurance.展开更多
The effect of the surface gravity waves over sea surface roughness length (z0) is investigated from several idealized numerical experiments with the Wave-Watch-III (WW3) model. The WW3 model is combined with a simplif...The effect of the surface gravity waves over sea surface roughness length (z0) is investigated from several idealized numerical experiments with the Wave-Watch-III (WW3) model. The WW3 model is combined with a simplified model to estimate z0, CD, u* and U10 as function of the sea state. The impacts related to the presence of the ocean waves over z0 are obtained from conditions of growing (young waves) and mature seas (old waves). The wave spectrum is obtained from WW3 model for each idealized simulation under uniform wind conditions. Uniform wind experiments range from 15 to 45 m/s. The simplified algorithm determines z0, CD, u* and U10 for cases of young waves, old waves and by the Charnock method. The results show that when the ocean is characterized by young waves, both z0 and CD (drag coefficient) increase while U10 is reduced. In Charnock case, the values of z0, CD and U10 have no dependence with the presence of gravity waves. Experiments using winds higher than 30 m/s result in young waves’ CD values higher than the CD value for old waves. Even for young waves CD values are high for cases of strong winds. The results also show that in experiments using winds higher than 30 m/s the dependence between CD and wave age becomes stronger, which is in accordance with other studies.展开更多
The novel I vecchi e i giovani has been the object of numerous critical interpretations,including those of Leonardo Sciascia,Gaetano Trombatore,and Massimo Onofri,in particular.Taking as its starting point Pirandello...The novel I vecchi e i giovani has been the object of numerous critical interpretations,including those of Leonardo Sciascia,Gaetano Trombatore,and Massimo Onofri,in particular.Taking as its starting point Pirandello’s phrase,“la gioventùsacrificata potrebbe dare un crollo a questa oltracotante oppressione dei vecchi e prendersi finalmente uno sfogo e affermarsi vittoriosa”and applying Freudian principles,this work seeks primarily to highlight the autobiographical element that is expressed in the father/son,Luigi/Stefano,and Lando Laurentano/Stefano Landi relationships.展开更多
基金supported by some projects from Chinese central universities'basic scientific research[Grant No.SKZD201206]Humanities and Social Sciences Project from Education Ministry[grant number:13YJC630131]Nanjing Agricultural University Social Science Fund[Grant No.SK2012006]
文摘This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of China's rural social welfare system.Cross-sectional surveys of 1392 young and middle-aged rural residents were conducted in July and August2012.The results showed that while social insurance was increasingly acceptable,personal savings and family support still had fundamental value.Combining the three mechanisms,the rural old-age welfare system presented nontraditional features.China's new rural endowment insurance is discussed as a means to address the need for financial support among the rural aging population.
文摘Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics, histological types, stage at diagnosis and treatment between young (< or =40 years) and older (> or =70 years) patients with lung cancer. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective review of 808 lung cancer patients referred to the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital over a 6-year period from 1995 to 2001. Data regarding demographics, presentation symptoms, histology, tumor staging, and treatment modality were obtained from all patients. Results: We found significantly more female patients and adenocarcinoma in the younger group compared with the older patients. Cough was the most common presenting symptom in both the younger and older groups followed by dyspnea, hemoptysis in the older group or chest pain in the younger group. There was no difference in the stage of disease at initial presentation between the younger and older groups. The young patients tended to receive aggressive treatment more readily than the older patients, and the older patients frequently received supportive care only. Conclusion: The female sex and adenocarcinoma were predominant in young patients compared with the older patients. Young patients tended to receive more aggressive treatment and may have better survival.
文摘Reports on physical functions during maintenance period of the elderly with cardiac and other serious diseases are limited. This study aims to clarify age and gender-related differences in their physical functions. Participants included 167 elderly individuals (males, 78;mean age, 76.5 years;SD = 6.0 years;females, 89;mean age, 75.5 years;SD = 4.5 years) who participated in a 1-year regular exercise therapy twice a week. The following eight physical function tests were selected: grip strength, 10-m obstacle walking time, one-legged balance with eyes open, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, 6-min walk, stepping by sitting position, and a timed up & go (TUG). Two-way analysis of variance was used to examine mean differences by gender and age: young elderly group (aged 65 - 74 years) and old elderly group (aged ≥ 75 years). In the grip strength, sit-ups, 6-min walk, 10-m obstacle walking time, stepping by sitting position, and sitting trunk flexion tests, males were superior in the former four tests, and females were superior in the latter two tests. The young elderly group was superior in all tests except for sit-ups compared with the old elderly group. The balance during one-legged with eyes open test was superior in males compared with females in the young elderly group, but decreased in males in the old elderly group. In conclusion, physical functions of the elderly during maintenance period are different between genders. Muscle strength, muscle endurance, whole-body endurance, and walking ability are superior in males, whereas flexibility and agility are superior in females. The old elderly group was inferior in all the elements of physical function except muscle endurance.
文摘The effect of the surface gravity waves over sea surface roughness length (z0) is investigated from several idealized numerical experiments with the Wave-Watch-III (WW3) model. The WW3 model is combined with a simplified model to estimate z0, CD, u* and U10 as function of the sea state. The impacts related to the presence of the ocean waves over z0 are obtained from conditions of growing (young waves) and mature seas (old waves). The wave spectrum is obtained from WW3 model for each idealized simulation under uniform wind conditions. Uniform wind experiments range from 15 to 45 m/s. The simplified algorithm determines z0, CD, u* and U10 for cases of young waves, old waves and by the Charnock method. The results show that when the ocean is characterized by young waves, both z0 and CD (drag coefficient) increase while U10 is reduced. In Charnock case, the values of z0, CD and U10 have no dependence with the presence of gravity waves. Experiments using winds higher than 30 m/s result in young waves’ CD values higher than the CD value for old waves. Even for young waves CD values are high for cases of strong winds. The results also show that in experiments using winds higher than 30 m/s the dependence between CD and wave age becomes stronger, which is in accordance with other studies.
文摘The novel I vecchi e i giovani has been the object of numerous critical interpretations,including those of Leonardo Sciascia,Gaetano Trombatore,and Massimo Onofri,in particular.Taking as its starting point Pirandello’s phrase,“la gioventùsacrificata potrebbe dare un crollo a questa oltracotante oppressione dei vecchi e prendersi finalmente uno sfogo e affermarsi vittoriosa”and applying Freudian principles,this work seeks primarily to highlight the autobiographical element that is expressed in the father/son,Luigi/Stefano,and Lando Laurentano/Stefano Landi relationships.
