Enthalpy-entropy compensation effect in gas chromatographic enantiomeric separation

In this paper, the enthalpy-entropy compensation effect in the enantiomeric separation by modified cyclodextrins (CD) and diamide chiral stationary phase (GP) gas chromatography was investigated using the method of plotting Δ( ΔH) versus Δ(ΔG) 7hm combined with t-test statistic analysis. The investigated racemates cover α-phenylethylamine and its analogs, 2-alkylamines, chiral acyclic alcohols, halogenated arylethanediol-1, 2-diperfluoropropionates, amino acid and its analogs, and two series of compounds containing chloro and bromo substituents. From the compensation analysis results, the effects of the diluent composition in the investigated chiral stationary phases, the size and the died pups on investigated cyclodextrins, the derivatization methods and the groups attached to the stereocenters on enantiomeric separation mechanisms were all discussed.

Wave Azimuth Cutoff Compensation Method and the Multisatellite Networking Mode of SAR

Synthetic aperture radars(SARs)encounter the azimuth cutoff problem when observing sea waves.Consequently,SARs can only capture the waves with wavelengths larger than the cutoff wavelength and lose the information of waves with smaller wavelengths.To increase the accuracy of SAR wave observations,this paper investigates an azimuth cutoff compensation method based on the simulated multiview SAR wave synchronization data obtained by the collaborative observation via networked satellites.Based on the simulated data and the equivalent multiview measured data from Sentinel-1 virtual networking,the method is verified and the cutoff wavelengths decrease by 16.40%and 14.00%.The biases of the inversion significant wave height with true values decrease by 0.04 m and 0.14 m,and the biases of the mean wave period decrease by 0.17 s and 0.22 s,respectively.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the azimuth cutoff compensation method.Based on the azimuth cutoff compensation method,the multisatellite SAR networking mode for wave observations are discussed.The highest compensation effect is obtained when the combination of azimuth angle is(95°,115°,135°),the orbital intersection angle is(50°,50°),and three or four satellites are used.The study of the multisatellite networking mode in this paper can provide valuable references for the compensation of azimuth cutoff and the observation of waves by a multisatellite network.

Vision-based fatigue crack detection using global motion compensation and video feature tracking

Fatigue cracks that develop in civil infrastructure such as steel bridges due to repetitive loads pose a major threat to structural integrity.Despite being the most common practice for fatigue crack detection,human visual inspection is known to be labor intensive,time-consuming,and prone to error.In this study,a computer vision-based fatigue crack detection approach using a short video recorded under live loads by a moving consumer-grade camera is presented.The method detects fatigue crack by tracking surface motion and identifies the differential motion pattern caused by opening and closing of the fatigue crack.However,the global motion introduced by a moving camera in the recorded video is typically far greater than the actual motion associated with fatigue crack opening/closing,leading to false detection results.To overcome the challenge,global motion compensation(GMC)techniques are introduced to compensate for camera-induced movement.In particular,hierarchical model-based motion estimation is adopted for 2D videos with simple geometry and a new method is developed by extending the bundled camera paths approach for 3D videos with complex geometry.The proposed methodology is validated using two laboratory test setups for both in-plane and out-of-plane fatigue cracks.The results confirm the importance of motion compensation for both 2D and 3D videos and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GMC methods as well as the subsequent crack detection algorithm.

Synthesis of Cardanol Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant and Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation of Micellization in Aqueous Solutions

A novel cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant with high surface properties was synthesized by cashew phenol, 1,3-dibromopropane and chlorosulfonic acid through three steps procedure of etherification, sulfonation and neutralization. A surface tension method was employed to investigate the thermo-dynamic properties of micellization in aqueous solution for cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant synthesized in laboratory. As a result, the micellization of cardanol sulfonate Gemini surfactant in aqueous solutions is spontaneous and entropy-driven. The micellization process is enthalpy-entropy compensated with the compensation temperature (Tc) of 308 ± 1 K.

Random crystal field effect on hysteresis loops and compensation behavior of mixed spin-(1,3/2) Ising system

Magnetic hysteresis and compensation behavior of a mixed spin-（1, 3/2） Ising model on a square lattice are investigated in the framework of effective field theory based on a probability distribution technique. The effect of random crystal field, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic exchange interaction on hysteresis loops and compensation phenomenon are discussed. A number of characteristic phenomena have been reported such as the observation of triple hysteresis loops at low temperatures and for negative values of random crystal field. Critical and double compensation temperatures have been also found. The obtained results are also compared to some previous works.

Angle Compensation and Asymmetry Effect of Light Diffracted by Millimeter Liquid Surface Slosh Wave

The angle compensation method is adopted to detect sloshing waves by laser diffraction, in the case that the wavelength of the sloshing waves is much greater than that of the incident light. The clear diffraction pattern is observed to be of asymmetry, involving orders, position and interval of the diffraction spots that are discovered during the light grazing incidence. It is found that the larger the angle of incidence is, the more obvious the asymmetry is. The higher the negative diffraction orders are, the smaller the intervals between spots are. On the contrary~ in the positive region, the higher the diffraction orders are, the larger the spot intervals are. The positive interval is larger than that of the same negative diffraction order. If the incident angle reaches 1.558 rad in the experiment, all positive diffraction orders completely vanish. Based on the mechanism of phase modulation and with the Fourier transform method, the relations between the incident angle and position, interval spaces, and orders of diffraction spots are derived theoretically. The theoretical calculations are compared with the experimental data, and the comparison shows that the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental measurement.

Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policy for grassland eco-compensation

To reverse the continuous deterioration of grassland ecology and to improve the well-being of herders, China has been formulating many national policies on payments for grassland ecological conservation. One of them, the Grassland Eco-compensation Policy(GEP), is the biggest program for grassland protection in China since 1949. The GEP conserves natural grassland by paying herders cash subsidies. It also has worldwide significance because it can increase vegetative cover, improve the ecological balance, increase carbon sequestration and lessen the amount of dust reaching other countries through inhibiting soil erosion. Overall, we find that its ecological and socioeconomic effects are beneficial and further benefits may be observed in the future because while the socioeconomic effects usually appear quickly, ecological effects may take longer to manifest. 2015 is the last year for the first round of the GEP policy implementation and the extended policy for the GEP will be approved and continued by the central government. To make the policy more successful, we suggest coordinated planning, a comprehensive overview, higher compensation and collaborative study. Efficient implementation of the GEP could also provide valuable experience for other eco-compensation programs in China and numerous other regions of the world.

CEOs’Diverse Career Experiences and the Effectiveness of Compensation Contracts:Evidence from Compensation Stickiness

CEO compensation stickiness represents an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of compensation contracts.This study uses CEO career experience data and compensation stickiness data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2020 to investigate the compensation contracts’effectiveness of CEOs with diverse career experiences.The findings are as follows:1)Compensation stickiness is more pronounced for CEOs with diverse career experiences.According to the mechanism test,these CEOs with diverse career experiences can obtain compensation incentives by reducing corporate uncertainty perception and improving total factor productivity.This approach leads to increased compensation stickiness and the effectiveness of compensation contracts.CEOs with diverse career experiences may receive excess compensation by raising agency costs,which intensifies compensation stickiness and weakens the effectiveness of compensation contracts.2)Compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant in companies with lower investor protection,which brings about less effective compensation contracts.In contrast,in companies with higher diversification,the compensation stickiness of CEOs with diverse career experiences is more significant,which delivers more effective compensation contracts.The conclusions deepen the research of CEO compensation contracts and provide a helpful reference for CEO compensation management practices.

A Statistical Examination on the Compensation between the Enthalpies and Entropies Obtained from the Calorimetric Methods

The validity of the compensation between the enthalpies and entropies obtained from the calorimetric methods was statistically examined for the first time based on computer simulations. It turned out that several claimed enthalpy-entropy compensations in literature based upon the calorimetric measurements were statistically correct. Interestingly, a linear relationship between the slopes and correlation coefficients of the T DeltaS-DeltaH plots of different physical origin of the compensation behavior.

Vibration Compensation for Scanning Tunneling Microscope

The influence of vibration is already one of main obstacles for improving the nano measuring accuracy.The techniques of anti-vibration,vibration isolation and vibration compensation become an important branch in nano measuring field.Starting with the research of sensitivity to vibration of scanning tunneling microscope(STM),the theory,techniques and realization methods of nano vibration sensor based on tunnel effect are initially investigated,followed by developing the experimental devices.The experiments of the vibration detection and vibration compensation are carried out.The experimental results show that vibration sensor based on tunnel effect is characterized by high sensitivity,good frequency characteristic and the same vibratory response characteristic consistent with STM.

Anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic LaCo_(2)As_(2) and ferrimagnetic NdCo_(2)As_(2)

We conducted a comparative study of the magnetic and transport properties of single-crystalline LaCo_(2)As_(2) and NdCo_(2)As_(2).LaCo_(2)As_(2) is a soft metallic ferromagnet which exhibits purely intrinsic anomalous Hall effect(AHE) due to Co-3d electrons. With Nd-4f electronic magnetism, ferrimagnetic NdCo_(2)As_(2) manifests pronounced sign reversal and multiple hysteresis loops in temperature-and field-dependent magnetization, Hall resistivity, and magnetoresistance, due to complicated magnetic structural changes. We reveal that the AHE for NdCo_(2)As_(2) is stemming from the Co sub-lattice and deduce its phase diagram which includes magnetic compensation and two meta-magnetic phase transitions. The sensitivity of the Hall effect on the details of the magnetic structures in ferrimagnetic NdCo_(2)As_(2) provides a unique opportunity to explore the magnetic interaction between 4f and 3d electrons and its impact on the electronic structure.

Magnetic hysteresis, compensation behaviors, and phase diagrams of bilayer honeycomb lattices

Magnetic behaviors of the Ising system with bilayer honeycomb lattice（BHL） structure are studied by using the effective-field theory（EFT） with correlations. The effects of the interaction parameters on the magnetic properties of the system such as the hysteresis and compensation behaviors as well as phase diagrams are investigated. Moreover, when the hysteresis behaviors of the system are examined, single and double hysteresis loops are observed for various values of the interaction parameters. We obtain the L-, Q-, P-, and S-type compensation behaviors in the system. We also observe that the phase diagrams only exhibit the second-order phase transition. Hence, the system does not show the tricritical point（TCP）.

高管薪酬结构与企业创新——基于高管风险承担视角

创新是企业获得技术优势的重要行为,有助于国家实现高水平科技自立自强,高管是企业做出创新决策的主体。以2008—2021年中国沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,对高管薪酬结构影响企业创新的效应及作用机制进行了实证检验。研究发现,随着高管薪酬结构中股权薪酬比例的提升,企业创新投入水平呈先上升后下降的倒“U”型趋势。进一步地,以激励物的Delta指数和Vega指数为度量的高管风险承担在薪酬结构影响企业创新的路径中发挥了中介作用。异质性分析表明,高管股权薪酬对企业创新的正向激励效果仅显著存在于非国有企业和位于高市场化程度地区的企业当中。因此,企业要制定合理的薪酬结构,适当提高股权薪酬占比,并注重改善激励环境提升高管的风险承担能力,为企业创新创造良好的内外部环境。

煤储层含气性深度效应与成藏过程耦合关系

埋深是影响煤层气富集程度的综合要素,理解含气性深度效应是认识深浅部煤层气赋存状态与聚集机制的重要基础。基于煤层气勘探现状,在剖析鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气探井资料的基础上,综合常规-非常规油气成藏地质学理论,探讨了煤层含气量、饱和吸附量、含气饱和度深度效应及其与成藏过程的耦合关系。煤层气成藏是构造沉降阶段生烃供气和回返抬升阶段相态转化、逸散的耦合结果,体现为自封闭成藏和浮力成藏的深度耦合,含气性变化存在饱和吸附量转折和游离气滞留两个关键深度界限,且二者不具备绝对同步性:(1)饱和吸附气量是煤在特定温压条件下的固有属性,不受保存条件的严格限制,其随深度的演化过程是控制相态转换的基础,压力梯度和变质程度补偿效应会引起现今区域饱和吸附量转折深度(带)的明显滞后。(2)游离气的运聚成藏与改造定型受控于地层回返抬升阶段的遮盖条件,涉及埋深-构造-水动力场三元耦合效应及浮力、储盖层毛管力的综合影响,抬升幅度小且改造强度弱时方可具备游离气滞留保存条件,滞留深度以浅地层封闭性降低,游离气普遍散失。鄂尔多斯盆地东缘柳林-延川南一带煤层总含气量随埋深增大近乎线性增高,深部收敛趋势不明显,不同变质程度煤理论饱和吸附量转折深度为1600~2200 m,但煤阶的区域分异致使原位饱和吸附量随埋深持续增大;大宁-吉县区块游离气滞留临界深度约2000 m,2500 m处含气饱和度平均约120%,3000 m处含气饱和度预计可达136%。不同地区煤层气成藏背景和地质条件存在差异,含气性深度效应需具体分析,分析重点应聚焦于甲烷相态转换、地层封闭条件的时空演化对现今气、水分布的综合影响,以实现深部煤层气的分区分带评价和高效开发设计。

作物旱后复水补偿效应产生的源-库-流的响应及机制

[目的]作物在生长过程,尤其在干旱半干旱地区,时常经受干旱和复水(降雨或灌溉)过程。干旱胁迫下作物的生长发育受到抑制,产量降低;同时,经过干旱胁迫后作物对干旱胁迫的耐受性有所提高;而干旱胁迫后复水,为了弥补作物干旱期间的损失,作物往往表现出补偿性生长,在产量上产生补偿甚至超补偿效应。作物旱后复水补偿效应是作物对干旱胁迫的积极响应与复水后补偿性生长的共同结果,在旱区作物生产中合理利用旱后复水补偿效应可以有效提升作物产量和水分利用效率。[方法]“源库”关系被广泛用来解释作物产量的形成过程,调控源库关系也是提高作物产量的重要途径。旱后复水补偿效应的产生与作物“源—库—流”响应关系密切。[结果]基于当前的研究进展,从“源库”关系总结作物旱后复水补偿作用产生的机制。在干旱胁迫过程中,源端表现为气孔关闭、光合降低、可溶性碳水化合物累积增加,而库端表现为库活性增加。复水后补偿效应产生过程中,在源端气孔打开、光合恢复、短时间内甚至高于干旱胁迫前,同时源端(叶片)可溶性碳水化合物代谢增强,促进作物光合作用,碳水化合物的合成能力提高;在库端(籽粒)库活性维持较高水平,同化物卸载和累积速度加快;同时流中同化物转运维持较高水平。在补偿效应产生的源—库响应中同化物的转运积累起着重要的作用,其中蔗糖转化酶(INV)、细胞壁转化酶(CW-INV)和聚糖代谢酶(1-FEH w3)活性在作物旱后复水补偿效应的源库响应过程中起着至关重要的作用。[结论]从源库关系角度对旱后复水补偿效应产生的机制进行较为深入的总结和分析,为理解作物旱后复水补偿效应产生的机制及旱区作物水分高效利用提供理论依据。

补偿抑或挤出?命令控制型环境规制与企业风险承担——基于中国A股上市公司的证据

环境规制是生态文明建设的有力手段,而投资决策中的风险承担是企业进行绿色转型的重要条件。基于2010—2021年A股上市公司数据,实证检验了命令控制型环境规制对企业风险承担的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:命令控制型环境规制显著提升了企业风险承担水平。机制分析表明,命令控制型环境规制通过创新机制、信息机制及资源机制对企业风险承担产生正向影响,且这种影响在地方财政分权程度低的企业、非“双高”企业以及区域创新文化水平高的企业中更显著。有效性分析结果显示,尽管命令控制型环境规制推高的企业风险承担在短期内可以提升企业绩效,但其导致的资本配置效率降低会损害企业的长期价值。研究结论为推动企业绿色转型,完善政府主导的环境政策体制提供经验证据。

结构刚塑性动力解的弹性补偿

近年来,我国学者以膜力因子法和饱和分析方法相结合为理论工具,对梁、板等结构件在脉冲载荷作用下的塑性大变形行为作了全面深入的研究,为脉冲加载下结构的最终挠度提供了优于历史上各种刚塑性近似解的最佳刚塑性预测公式。然而,由于实际工程应用中金属结构弹塑性动力响应的复杂性和数值模拟的局限性,与考虑材料弹性效应的结果相比,刚塑性解对脉冲加载下结构所预测的最终挠度的误差有多大,是一个亟待解决的关键问题。对这个问题的首阶段研究成果厘清了材料弹性对脉冲加载下结构塑性动态大变形的影响,定量评估了由最佳刚塑性理论解与弹塑性数值模拟得到的最终挠度预测结果之间的差异。在此基础上,提出了补偿弹性效应的策略和方法,即:在已有的最佳刚塑性解预测的挠度基础上添加一个补偿项,将补偿项表达为脉冲载荷强度的效应与结构自身刚度的效应分离的变量函数,并尽量减少待定系数/指数的数量,以求表达式的简洁;根据这些原则在金属结构的主要工程应用领域内选定结构刚度和外载参数的变化范围,对固支梁和固支方板的案例实施拟合与补偿,最后得到了对梁和板增添补偿项后的简单而实用的最终挠度预测公式,其相对误差在3%的范围之内,很适合工程设计应用。文末列表给出了符号与公式的一览,并对梁和方板的结果作了综合和比较。

一种虚拟同步发电机自适应阻尼补偿方法

针对系统电感对虚拟同步发电机控制系统存在等效负阻尼效应的问题,提出了一种自适应阻尼补偿方法。首先,基于虚拟同步发电机控制技术,通过dq变换和小信号分析建立系统的动态电磁方程和动态小信号模型。然后利用电磁转矩偏差分解出同步力矩系数和等效阻尼系数。最后根据等效负阻尼的产生机制,在有功-频率调节器中加入以系统频率、虚拟阻抗为自适应控制变量的阻尼补偿模块,实现对虚拟同步发电机阻尼的自适应补偿。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真,并与基于传统的虚拟同步发电机控制方法及基于虚拟阻抗补偿方法等方法所获得的结果进行比较,表明文章所提出的自适应阻尼补偿方法具有更强的稳定性和更快的响应速度,验证了方法的有效性。

佛山地区固定献血屋与流动献血车献血工作成效分析

目的 分析固定献血屋与流动献血车在佛山地区无偿献血工作中的成效。方法 随机抽选佛山市街头流动献血车与献血屋各4个,对其2022年8月—2023年8月各类调查数据进行分析。结果 固定献血屋单点日均采血量为(59.63±5.54)U,固定献血者比例为(22.45±1.31)%,均高于流动献血车的(50.17±5.13)U、(18.03±1.25)%(P <0.05);献血不良反应发生率为(0.21±0.05)%,低于流动献血车的(0.95±0.12)%(P <0.05);工作人员对固定献血屋总满意度为100%,高于流动献血车的85.71%(P <0.05);献血者对固定献血屋总满意度为97.88%,高于流动献血车的89.64%(P <0.05)。结论 佛山地区无偿献血工作中固定献血屋与流动献血车相比单点日均采血量与固定献血者比例均更高,且工作人员与献血者满意度也更高,因此日后需要对献血屋和献血车进行改进,提高固定献血率。