Challenges of human-machine collaboration in risky decision-making

The purpose of this paper is to delineate the research challenges of human-machine collaboration in risky decision-making.Technological advances in machine intelligence have enabled a growing number of applications in human-machine collaborative decisionmaking.Therefore,it is desirable to achieve superior performance by folly leveraging human and machine capabilities.In risky decision-making,a human decisionmaker is vulnerable to cognitive biases when judging the possible outcomes of a risky event,whereas a machine decision-maker cannot handle new and dynamic contexts with incomplete information well.We first summarize features of risky decision-making and possible biases of human decision-makers therein.Then,we argue the necessity and urgency of advancing human-machine collaboration in risky decision-making.Afterward,we review the literature on human-machine collaboration in a general decision context,from the perspectives of human-machine organization,relationship,and collaboration.Lastly,we propose challenges of enhancing human-machine communication and teamwork in risky decisionmaking,followed by future research avenues.

危中见机:理性决策风格影响创业风险决策的机制研究——一个有调节的中介模型

创业是经济增长的重要驱动力。从风险决策的视角出发,以在职企业员工为研究对象,采用问卷调查法,探讨理性决策风格对创业风险决策的影响。实证研究结果表明,理性决策风格通过正向影响机会能力进而激发员工做出创业风险决策,这一过程中员工以往的创业经历发挥了正向调节作用,即对于有创业经历的员工,机会能力对创业风险决策的影响得到进一步增强。研究剖析了企业员工决策风格与其创业风险决策之间的关系,验证了机会能力的中介作用,明确了创业经历的边界作用条件,丰富了员工创业风险决策影响因素及其内在机制的理论研究,并为企业组织管理提供了相应建议。

判断与决策中的框定效应

判断与决策是人类问题解决研究之中最复杂、也最令人感兴趣的领域。但是,长期以来,由于这一问题本身牵涉到太多的认知心理过程,相关研究几乎没有取得任何实质性的进展。而自疾病模型(Disease Problem)提出以来,框定(framing)效应一跃成为人类决策研究中最为热门的话题,在经济、政治、公共卫生等诸多方面的决策研究都是以此为突破口,获得了一系列引人注目的研究成果。本文简要回顾了框定——尤其是风险决策框定——概念的提出与演化、实验范式的继承与发展,在总结这一领域所取得成果的同时,也试图指出其中存在的固有问题。