Experimental study on micro-electrolysis technology for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removing chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. The results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity. A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of micro-electrolysis.

EFFECT OF CHROMIUM AND BORON ON ENVIRONMENTAL EMBRITTLEMENT OF FORGED Fe_3Al

The effects of addition of chromium or boron on room temperature tensile properties,fracture behavior and susceptibility to test environments (air vs. vacuuwi of forged Fe3Al have been investigated. The results indicated that both chromium and boron result in increasing room temperuture ductility and fracture strength of the Fe3Al alloy whether tested in air or in vacuum. The susceptibility to test envimnment was described with the embrittlement index I: I=(δv-δA)/δv. The embrittlement indexes, for Fe-30Al, Fe-30Al-4Cr and Fe-30Al-0. 13B (at. %), are 24%, 37% and 29%,respectively. Scanning electron microscope examination of fracture surface revealed that the fracture mode of the three alloys remains unchanged, and all of them exhibited a transgranular cleavage fracture mode when tested in vacuum or air.

Socio-economic and Environmental Implications of the Hydroelectric Projects in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

This paper deals with de the fiasco created by the Tehri Uttarakhand, India, particularly resettlement and rehabilitation tailed analysis of High Dam in in terms of of the local inhabitants. Aspects pertaining to the environmental issues are also discussed. Currently, the river valleys in Uttarakhand state of India are the targets of increasing hydroelectric projects. Virtually all rivers are being exploited for generating environmental friendly power. Having being learned the hard lesson from Tehri Dam, it has been decided to opt for such schemes in which comparatively little submergence hnd tempering with the fragile eco-systems is involved However, our observations suggest that even in such schemes if due care is not taken they may turn out to be a failure.

Assessment of toxicity potential of metallic elements in discarded electronics:A case study of mobile phones in China

The electronic waste (e-waste) is increasingly flooding Asia,especially China.E-waste could precipitate a growing volume of toxic input to the local environment if it was not handed properly.This makes the evaluation of environmental impact from electronics an essentially important task for the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the end-of-life management of electronic products.This study presented a quantitative investigation on the environmental performance of typical electronics.Two types of disposed mobile...

Numerical Study on Plume Interaction Above An AlternatingDiffuser in Stagnant Water

The plume interaction above an alternating diffuser in stagnant water is studied with 3D Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations （RANS） combined with a buoyancy-extended κ-ε model. The steady three-dimensional turbulent flow and temperature fields are computed by use of the finite volume method on a non-uniform high resolution orthogonal grid. The numerical predictions demonstrate a generic flow pattern for different turbulent heated jet discharges： the buoyant jets on each side of the diffuser first merge to form an essentially two-dimensional plume which bends back toward the diffuser centerline due to a low pressure cavity. In general, an under-pressure exists in the cavity until the plumes merge; the pressure increases to slightly positive afterwards. Two-dimensionality of the scalar and flow field is attained much later than the point of zero pressure. The position of merging point is governed by mainly four parameters - the discharge densimetfic Froude number, the port diameter and space, and the horizontal distance between alternating jet nozzles. A formula from numerical simulations is obtained through regression analysis and it is used to predict the position of plume merging point. The predicted temperature fields are comparable to previous experiments.

The Equivalence Forms of Random Kolmogorov Forward(Backward) Equations

The concepts of Markov process in random environment, q-matrix in random environment and q-process in random environment are introduced. Three forms of random Kolmoogrov farward （or backward） equations are introduced and the equivalence of these three forms are also proved. Moreover any conservative q-process in random environment satisfies random Kolmogrov backward equation.

Ecological environment response of benthic foraminifera to heavy metals and human engineering: A case study from Jiaozhou Bay, China

The estuary and coastal zone are the key areas for socio-economic development,and they are also the important channels for pollutants transported to the sea.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge changed the hydrodynamic condition of the bay,which made the self-purification capacity of the bay weakened and the pollution in the estuary and adjacent coastal zone become more serious.In this study,55 surface sediment samples were collected from the three seriously polluted estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay to comprehensively study how the benthic foraminifera response to heavy metal pollution and human engineering,and to assess the ecological risks of the bay.A total of 80 species,belonging to 42 genera,were identified in this study.The results showed that Cu,Pb,Cr,Hg,Zn,and As had low to median ecological risks in the study area which would definitely affect the ecological system.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has resulted in pollutants accumulated at the river mouth of Loushan River,which has adverse effects on the survival and growth of benthic foraminifera.The lowest population density and diversity as well as the highest FAI(Foraminiferal Abnormality Index)and FMI(Foraminiferal Monitoring Index)occurred at Loushan River Estuary which indicated that the ecological environment of the northeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay(Loushan River Estuary)had been seriously damaged.Licun River and Haipo River estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone were slightly polluted and had low ecological risk.As a consequence,it suggested that the supervision of industrial and domestic waste discharge and the protection of the ecological environment in northeast Jiaozhou Bay should be paid more attention.

Phytosterol of Potamogeton maackianus and Its Change under the Stress of Microcystis aeruginosa

The phytosterol in Potamogeton maackianus was identified and quantified. From the hexane extracts analysis of unsaponifiable fraction ofP. maackianus by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry（GC-MS）, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were the main phytosterols in P. maackianus with the contents of 0.368, 1.17 and 0.824 mg·g^1, respectively. After 7 days＇ exposure under M. aeruginosa, the contents of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in P.maackianus increased by 23.1%, 40.4% and 40.8%, respectively. Both the contents of 24-ethyl sterols （sitosterol and stigmasterol） and 24-methyl sterol （campesterol） in macrophytes increased, but the percentage of total sterol composition did not change significantly. This result indicated that the content of 4-demethyl sterols and the second alkylation of the phytosterol side-chain at C-24 in P. maackianus were affected by M, aeruginosa.

Carcass Characteristics and Environmental Parameters Effects on Carcass Composition of Lori-Bakhtiari Sheep

In this study, data of body weight at slaughter （SW; n = 465）, hot carcass weight （HCW; n = 465）, cold carcass weight （CCW; n = 401）, carcass lean weight （CLW; n = 314）, carcass bone weight （CBW; n = 401）, carcass total fat weight （CTFW; n = 314） and fat-tail weight （FTW; n = 401） in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep were measured to determine their possible use in breeding programmers aimed at improving ability to carcass quality in this breed. Lambs were slaughtered at 195 ＋ 27 days of age. The method of slaughtering and cultting was Iranian cutting approach. SAS procedures were used for the statistical analysis. Means and their respective standard deviations for SW, HCW, CCW, CLW, CBW, CTFW and FTW were 45.41 ± 6.86, 22.81 ± 4.32, 22.53 ± 4.18, 11.14 ± 1.71, 3.47 ± 0.43, 7.19 ± 2.42 and 3.65 ± 1.37 kg, respectively. The coefficients of variation for CTFW and FTW were 33.62 percent and 38.01 percent, respectively. Environmental effects of kind of rearing after weaning and type of birth on HCW, CCW, CLW, CTFW and FTW traits were significant. Consequently, considerable variation exists for carcass composition traits, especially for carcass fat and fat-tail.

Analysis of Present Sperm Quality in Different Populations

To evaluate current status of male sperm quality and compare with the data of 110 cases in 1980's from same laboratory,434 fertile man and 346 cases of man with uncertain sperm quality were examined.The results showed sperm quality was significantly declined.The changes were most obvious in the sperm counts and total number of sperm,which were decreased by 54.2%～98.9% and 39.7%～114.5% respectively.Among parameters of sperm quality,motility of sperm is most affected in overall motility,a level and a+b level motility,with percentage of abnormal case were 18.4%～42.3%,37.5%～68.1% and 39.5%～75.2% respectively.The number of cases within normal range of sperm parameters was merely 33.6% for group of fertile man and 26.0% for the group of man with uncertain sperm quality.These results suggest that it should pay more attention to the decline of sperm quality.

Assessing the impact of air pollution sources in Hong Kong, a densely populated city

As the simple dispersion model tested is not sufficiently accurate to predict the SO2 concentration in complex terrain commonly encountered amongst high rise buildings in Hong Kong, and the lack of comprehensive local wind data at most sites prevents the use of more advanced dispersion model to assess the impact of major air pollutant sources, a receptor model approach is adopted for the apportionment of air pollution sources in Hong Kong. The preliminary results obtained are presented and discussed.

Differentiation-Based Analysis of Environmental Management and Corporate Performance

By building a duopoly model based on product differentiation, both of the clean firm＇s and the dirty firm＇s performances are studied under the assumptions that consumers have different preferences for the product environmental attributes, and that the product cost increases with the environmental attribute. The analysis results show that under either the case with no environmental regulation or that with a tariff levied on the dirty product, the clean firm would always get more profit. In addition, the stricter the regulation is, the more profit the clean finn would obtain. This can verify that from the view of product differentiation, a firm could improve its corporate competitiveness with environmental management.

The relationship between crust-mantle structural ratio and seismic activity

In this paper the differences and characteristics of the degree of seismic activities of various tectonic blocks and the different parts within the blocks in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland (to the east of 105°E) have been studied. Based on the results, the crust-mantle structural factors which caused these differences have further been studied from the inner and deep part of the plate. The ratio between the crustal and lithospheric thicknesses, i. e. the so-called crust-mantle structural ratio R, has been calculated. The result has shown that the magnitude of R has a close relation to the degree of seismic activity. The R-value implies the state of the movement of crust-mantle materials and the degree of interaction between the crust and mantle through convection and intrusion.

National Inventory of Mercury Release into Different Environmental Sectors Estimated by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Toolkit in Costa Rica

This paper summarizes the national inventory of mercury released into all environmental sectors (air, water, land, impurity in products, general wastes and sector specific treatment/disposal) for the year 2008 in the country of Costa Rica, using the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) mercury toolkit. The data collection about the input and output of mercury for the year 2008, was carried out during the years 2014 and 2015. The data used for estimation are mainly obtained from the Costa Rican Government’s official publications. The research was developed in order to create a national inventory of mercury releases into all environmental sectors in order to aid mercury management in Costa Rica. Total input and output of mercury, distribution into different environmental sectors, major contributions by mercury sources (“steps” “categories” and “subcategories”) are discussed. The standard estimation of total mercury input is 7174.00 kg/year. The biggest mercury input are “waste treatment and recycling” (3086.00 kg Hg, 43.17%) and “general consumption of mercury in products, as metal mercury and as mercury containing substances” (3189.00 kg Hg, 44.62%). The total mercury released is 31,689.29 kg/year. The biggest emission of mercury corresponds to the source “waste treatment and recycling” (28,359.29 kg/year, 89.49%). The “air” is the main impacted environmental sector due the different mercury inputs. A total of 28,155.60 kg/year (88.55%) is released in this media. Only 1635.10 kg/year (5.16%) of the total mercury emissions is deposited in the environmental sector named “general waste”. The rest of the environmental sectors evaluated are impacted with less of 3.00% of the total mercury released.

Measures of Environmental Protection of Petroleum Exploration and Development in Tarim Basin

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Supernatural Power in Hardy's Work

Thomas Hardy is the writer who stretches across for two centuries.In the work he is called"the disposition and the environment novel"more importantly several lengthy,in which outstanding has"Tess of the d'Urbervilles"(1891) and"Jude the Obscure"(1895).After his work had reflected capitalism invades aspect and so on social economy,politics,morals,custom which the English countryside cities causes profound changes as well as the people(in particular woman) the pitiful destiny,has exposed the bourgeoisie morals,legal and religious false.His work links the preceding with the following,also has inherited the England critical realism outstanding tradition,the 20th century English literature has developed the path.Hardy's creation had reflected profoundly after the capitalism factor invades the English countryside aspect and so on social economy,politics,morals and custom huge changes,has demonstrated the specific historical period countryside working people's pitiful destiny and the mental scar.In the English history of literature,the countryside theme receives the neglect continuously,is precisely Hardy with own creation,opened this domain.Hardy's work,specially the novel creation subject,the general performance is the human and social,the disposition and the environment opposition,specially through to love(Hardy thought love is the human most intense sentiment),question and so on marriage descriptions,displays individual resistance society outmoded rules and regulations,the religious law,the moral custom as well as the mystical strength tragic conflict.

Impact factors and improvement measures of enviroment quality in cleaning operating room

Objective To analyze the factors that impact the environment quality of cleaning operating room and to discuss improvement measurement. Methods Environment bacteria testing results and prevalence of surgical incision infection in cleaning operating room were retro-