AIM To investigate the differences in family history of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and clinical outcomes among individuals with Crohn's disease(CD) residing in China and the United States.METHODS We performed...AIM To investigate the differences in family history of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and clinical outcomes among individuals with Crohn's disease(CD) residing in China and the United States.METHODS We performed a survey-based cross-sectional study of participants with CD recruited from China and the United States.We compared the prevalence of IBD family history and history of ileal involvement,CD-related surgeries and IBD medications in China and the United States,adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS We recruited 49 participants from China and 145 from the United States.The prevalence of family history of IBD was significantly lower in China compared with the United States(China:4.1%,United States:39.3%).The three most commonly affected types of relatives were cousin,sibling,and parent in the United States compared with child and sibling in China.Ileal involvement(China:63.3%,United States:63.5%) and surgery for CD(China:51.0%,United States:49.7%) were nearly equivalent in the two countries.CONCLUSION The lower prevalence of familial clustering of IBD in China may suggest that the etiology of CD is less attributed to genetic background or a family-shared environment compared with the United States.Despite the potential difference in etiology,surgery and ileal involvement were similar in the two countries.Examining the changes in family history during the continuing rise in IBD may provide further insight into the etiology of CD.展开更多
This paper is an historical case study of a major flood that occurred in British Malaya in 1926.It focuses on two key points.First,that the magnitude and subsequent impacts of the flood were exacerbated by contemporar...This paper is an historical case study of a major flood that occurred in British Malaya in 1926.It focuses on two key points.First,that the magnitude and subsequent impacts of the flood were exacerbated by contemporary industrial,agricultural,and hydraulic practices.Second,that this event pushed the British colonial government toward improving their land and river management strategies over the following decades.This article draws on recent research arguing the importance of an historical approach to disaster,as it enables greater insight into a disaster’s causes and long-term political,social,and environmental ramifications.Focussing on December 1926-a month of especially severe flooding likely linked to La Niña-this article will explore how those inundations became disastrous because of man-made changes enacted on the local environment.It will consider the sequential effect of the inundations,from their immediate to medium-term impact on the environment,to subsequent government-led flood mitigation schemes.By viewing the mid-1920s floods as a catalyst for change,with the benefit of hindsight,it is also possible to assess how far these changes were positive or negative.展开更多
Wherever the first life originated, the Earth has grown organisms. The Earth provides life with all the basicelements required for the composition and growth of life. And of more importance is that the Earth has
By taking the residential environment change in Tai'an City of Shandong Province over the past 30 years for example, the paper had introduced characteristics of traditional residential culture and their influence ...By taking the residential environment change in Tai'an City of Shandong Province over the past 30 years for example, the paper had introduced characteristics of traditional residential culture and their influence on the urban residential spatial pattern, and explained the mutual effect and guidance between the establishment of new residential concepts and the extension of city context. It had pointed out that the government planning and development should be considered from historical and cultural perspective rather than economic perspective. Through the analysis of problems at each level, it had proposed that urban construction should pay attention to historical inheritance, and characteristic livable city construction should lay stress on the coordinated development between urban economy and historical culture.展开更多
基金Supported by (in part)Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research,No.UL1TR001079
文摘AIM To investigate the differences in family history of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and clinical outcomes among individuals with Crohn's disease(CD) residing in China and the United States.METHODS We performed a survey-based cross-sectional study of participants with CD recruited from China and the United States.We compared the prevalence of IBD family history and history of ileal involvement,CD-related surgeries and IBD medications in China and the United States,adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS We recruited 49 participants from China and 145 from the United States.The prevalence of family history of IBD was significantly lower in China compared with the United States(China:4.1%,United States:39.3%).The three most commonly affected types of relatives were cousin,sibling,and parent in the United States compared with child and sibling in China.Ileal involvement(China:63.3%,United States:63.5%) and surgery for CD(China:51.0%,United States:49.7%) were nearly equivalent in the two countries.CONCLUSION The lower prevalence of familial clustering of IBD in China may suggest that the etiology of CD is less attributed to genetic background or a family-shared environment compared with the United States.Despite the potential difference in etiology,surgery and ileal involvement were similar in the two countries.Examining the changes in family history during the continuing rise in IBD may provide further insight into the etiology of CD.
基金The project benefited from a Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 grant entitled“Governing Compound Disasters in Urbanising Asia”(MOE2014-T2-1-017).
文摘This paper is an historical case study of a major flood that occurred in British Malaya in 1926.It focuses on two key points.First,that the magnitude and subsequent impacts of the flood were exacerbated by contemporary industrial,agricultural,and hydraulic practices.Second,that this event pushed the British colonial government toward improving their land and river management strategies over the following decades.This article draws on recent research arguing the importance of an historical approach to disaster,as it enables greater insight into a disaster’s causes and long-term political,social,and environmental ramifications.Focussing on December 1926-a month of especially severe flooding likely linked to La Niña-this article will explore how those inundations became disastrous because of man-made changes enacted on the local environment.It will consider the sequential effect of the inundations,from their immediate to medium-term impact on the environment,to subsequent government-led flood mitigation schemes.By viewing the mid-1920s floods as a catalyst for change,with the benefit of hindsight,it is also possible to assess how far these changes were positive or negative.
文摘Wherever the first life originated, the Earth has grown organisms. The Earth provides life with all the basicelements required for the composition and growth of life. And of more importance is that the Earth has
基金Supported by the Foundation for Domestic Visitors of Excellent Youth Scholars of Shandong Higher Institutions~~
文摘By taking the residential environment change in Tai'an City of Shandong Province over the past 30 years for example, the paper had introduced characteristics of traditional residential culture and their influence on the urban residential spatial pattern, and explained the mutual effect and guidance between the establishment of new residential concepts and the extension of city context. It had pointed out that the government planning and development should be considered from historical and cultural perspective rather than economic perspective. Through the analysis of problems at each level, it had proposed that urban construction should pay attention to historical inheritance, and characteristic livable city construction should lay stress on the coordinated development between urban economy and historical culture.
