Analysis of the Impact of Big Data Technology on Environmental Pollution Control Audit

As China strives towards the second centenary goal,increasing attention is being paid to environmental pollution and other related issues.Concurrently,with the rapid development of big data technology,many big data solutions have been applied to environmental pollution control audits,exerting a significant impact.This paper presents the current situation of environmental pollution audits,summarizing the application of big data from the perspectives of both domestic and international research.In terms of data collection and data analysis for environmental pollution audits,cloud platform technology,and visualization technology are selected based on multiple data sources.The impact in the field of environmental pollution control audits is further analyzed.It is found that the environmental pollution audit cloud platform is not yet perfect,the technical skills of audit personnel are insufficient,and some technologies are not mature.Relevant suggestions are put forward to provide a reference for the future development of big data technology and its integration with environmental pollution control audits.

Design and experiment of the environment control system for the industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus

Environment parameters are the main factors affecting the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus.Because of the requirements of environmental conditions for high-efficiency industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus,equipments for environment control were developed.Based on the variable operating equipment,a multi-factor fuzzy controller was designed to realize the comprehensive control of ambient temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,and the temperature and moisture of the compost.The test results showed that the temperature control error was less than±0.5°C and the response speed was more than 0.5°C/h;The control error of ambient humidity was less than±2%RH,and the response speed was more than 9%RH per hour;The moistures at different points in compost ranged from 50%to 70%with a standard deviation of 4.04.The control accuracy of environmental CO2 concentration was within 200μmol/mol.The overall performance of the control system was stable and reliable,which could meet the requirements of environment factors for the growth of Agaricus bisporus.The system can provide technical support and reference for the automatic and precise control of the environment during the industrialized production of Agaricus bisporus.

Design of Environmental Monitoring and Control System for Large-scale Pig House with Fermentation Bed

The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.

Controlled Environment Agriculture and Its Ability to Mitigate Food Insecurity

The research objective of this review is to discuss the rationale that led to the development of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and investigate this agricultural approach as a potential solution to mitigate the increased pressures on food security. It describes the need for urban cultivation systems using controlled environments and how they can be harnessed to address pressures facing food security. The factors that have contributed to the growth of CEAs, education, environmental justice, and the advantages and disadvantages of growing crops in CEAs in urban areas will be discussed. The article reviews global urban cultivation systems using controlled environments, by identifying the technologies needed to establish them. The practice of CEA is being increasingly adopted worldwide and we describe urban agriculture and compare it with traditional growing systems. Indoor farming systems that integrate into existing urban infrastructure such as vertical farming and plant factories using CEAs are discussed. Indoor farming gives urban areas enhanced access to food sources, but the cost is high, however decreasing due to recent technological advances. The current review extends the literature by incorporating recent research on the topic of agriculture in urban areas and food security. This review seeks to provide additional information regarding the viability of CEA in urban areas.

Feasibility of Plug Production Utilizing Digestate from Home-Waste to Energy Systems (H-WEF)

The integration of sustainable technologies in waste management systems has become imperative in addressing the escalating challenges of agricultural productivity and sustainability. Plugs are essential when starting crop production in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) setups and greenhouses. Horticultural crops such as vegetables, fruiting, and ornamental plants that utilize plugs have demonstrated higher success rates, healthier plants, and higher total yields. The APS Laboratory for Sustainable Agriculture explored the innovative utilization of digestate from the Home Water-Energy-Food Systems (H-WEF). The H-WEF system converts household food waste into biogas, electricity, and nutrient-rich digestate. The digestate from the H-WEF system was used to produce agricultural plugs, presenting a novel approach to circular resource utilization. We carried out the growth of Rex Butterhead Lettuce Latuca sativa plugs with 1) control system (synthetic fertilizer) and seven different treatments, 2) 5% Digestate—95% RO Water (5D–95RO);3) 10% Digestate—90% RO Water (10D–90RO);4) 15% Digestate—85% RO Water (15D–85RO);5) 20% Digestate—80% RO Water (20D–80RO);6) 25% Digestate—75% RO Water (25D–75RO);7) 30% Digestate—70% RO Water (30D–70RO);8) 35% Digestate—65% RO Water (35D–65RO). The plugs were cultivated for 15 days in a controlled environment until two leaves had developed after the cotyledon. After 15 days, we collected data on wet weight (g), plug head area (cm2), total leaf area (cm2), total chlorophyll content (mg/cm2), and dry weight (g). In addition, we collected data on the Leaf Area Index (LAI, cm2/cm2) and Specific Leaf Area (SLA, cm2/g). The synthetic fertigation yielded a higher wet weight than the following treatments: 5D–95RO, 10D–90RO, and 35D–65RO. While the 30D–70RO treatment produced a larger plug head than all other treatments. The digestate-based fertilizers were comparable to the synthetic fertilizer at dilutions of 25D–75RO and 30D–70RO. This study underscores the viability of using digestate for plug production, providing crucial insights for growers navigating the challenges of sustainable agricultural practices.

Integrated controlling technique of ecological environment in Shendong Mining Area

To enclose the interactive relation between the underground mining with suitable protection for surface ecological environments and surface prevention of ecological environments adapting to mining disturbing was researched and developed core of this technique. There are three aspects of controlling ecological environments, to dispose and renew before exploitation, to protect surface ecological environments in the exploitative process and to repair and build up after exploitation. Based on the moving law of overburden strata in shallow seam, the surface subsidence law and the growth law of vegetation in subsidence mine area, the integrated controlling technique has been developed synthetically by methods of theoretic analysis, laboratory simulation, numerical calculation, commercial test etc.. It includes the key techniques of aquifer-protective mining, filtering and purging of mine water through goaf, preventing and extinguishing fire in shallow seam no-rock roadway layout and waste disposal in underground, frame-building ecological functional sphere before exploitation, frame-building the ecological cycle using system after mining and so on.

The Comparative Performance of Soil-Based Systems with Hydroponics

Conventional soil-based agriculture is resource-intensive, utilizing large amounts of land and water, thereby placing a strain on Earth’s natural resources. Soil-based agricultural techniques create environmental issues such as soil degradation, deforestation, and groundwater pollution from the mass implementation of fertilizers and pesticides. Agricultural crop production using hydroponics has shown promise to be less resource intensive and provide a faster turnaround in crop production. Soilless cultivation using hydroponics promises to relieve some pressure on Earth’s ecosystems and resources by utilizing lesser land and water footprint. The APS Laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) compared the growth of Lettuce Lactuca sativa “Rex Butterhead” crop grown using soil and soilless methods to analyze the growth performance in each setting. Crops grown in the soil-based medium were raised in the FGCU Food Forest, used a mix of soil and potting mix, watered regularly, and followed standard Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Crops grown hydroponically were grown in a thermally insulated grow tent with an artificial lighting source, ventilation, environmental controls, and the Deep-Water Culture (DWC) method. Lettuce plugs were grown for 15 days in controlled environments until two leaves after the cotyledons had developed and were ready for transplant. Plugs were transplanted into a 4 × 6 matrix at the FGCU Food Forest and the DWC growth system. Crops were grown to full bloom and ready for harvest in the soil (60 days) and soilless (30 days) based setups. We collected crop growth data, including wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (μmol/m2). From the collected data, we derived the Specific Leaf Area (SLA, cm2/g) and biomass productivity (kg/m2). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the collected and derived data. We investigated the slopes of regression lines for each growth curve which derived the differences in biomass and productivity parameters between lettuce grown using soil and hydroponics. Both growing methods can grow lettuce crops to full bloom and to adequate harvest weight. The biomass parameters and productivity differ significantly between the growing methods. The lettuce crops grown using hydroponics increase in wet weight statistically and significantly faster than those grown in soil (p < 0.0001). Therefore, we determined that a hydroponic method of crop production may provide better crop output and biomass indicators measured than soil-based growth.

环境法典污染控制制度的二元结构与体系整合

污染控制制度是环境法典的最主要内容,需要在现行污染防治单行法律法规的基础上进行体系化整合。现行立法分为两大基本类型,环境要素污染防治法围绕环境要素的污染排除进行制度设计,污染物质和能量污染防治法围绕污染物质和能量的减量和管制进行制度设计。在整合进入环境法典污染控制编时,两类污染防治制度的共通性制度要提炼出来进入污染控制编的基本规定,环境要素污染控制制度仍然围绕水、海洋、大气、土壤的污染控制展开,规定与环境要素相对应的具体污染控制制度。污染物质控制制度包括固体废物污染控制、有毒有害物质污染控制和放射性污染控制几个方面,应规定污染物质的全过程管控制度。能量污染控制制度以噪声污染控制为重心,振动、电磁辐射和光辐射污染控制应在法典中有基本规定。在协调不同类型污染控制制度的基础上,对现行污染防治规定进行归类、精简、合并、调整,并补充重要的污染控制规则,以完成环境法典污染控制编的制度设计和编排。

地铁活塞效应的节能综述研究

随着地铁行业的蓬勃发展,利用活塞风降低车站能耗成为目前研究的热点之一。首先整理与活塞效应相关的国内外文献,研究活塞效应的形成机理和特性,分析活塞效应对地铁环控系统产生的影响,发现两者间潜在的节能关系。其次分别对隧道活塞风与车站活塞风的利用策略进行综述研究,这些策略主要与通风井的相关设计、列车的行驶、站台门的选择以及门帘的安装等有关,合理地采用这些策略可以为车站降低能耗。最后提出了活塞风的利用原则,在活塞风满足乘客需求的情况下应当优先利用活塞通风,应根据风量、温湿度、二氧化碳浓度以及颗粒物浓度等参数评价活塞风是否满足需求。

新时代生态环境分区管控成果应用体系建设的思考

生态环境分区管控是实施生态环境分区域差异化精准管控的环境管理制度。建立和完善成果应用体系,推动成果广泛应用、落地见效,是保持制度生命力的根本所在。在系统辨识成果体系特征的基础上,立足制度建设新阶段应用要求,提出了应用体系框架,全面分析了成果应用前景;结合地方应用实践,分析了应用范围有待拓展、应用机制有待完善、成果本身有待优化、智能应用有待挖掘等不足,并提出了扩大引导宣传、完善制度保障、优化成果内容、强化平台支撑等方面的对策建议。

生态环境分区管控跟踪评估技术及应用探索——以上海市为试点

开展生态环境分区管控跟踪评估是推动生态环境分区管控制度落地生效的重要手段。本研究探讨了省、市层级和环境管控单元层级的生态环境分区管控实施情况跟踪评估体系。根据国家生态环境分区管控制度建设目标,结合管理实际,提出了省、市层级生态环境分区管控跟踪评估指标体系构建及实施机制的初步设想;提出了环境管控单元层级生态环境分区管控跟踪评估指标体系、实施机制及评估结果应用场景,以上海市产业园区生态环境分区管控及规划环评实施情况跟踪评估为试点,分析了实施成效,可为各省份、地级市开展生态环境分区管控跟踪评估工作、构建全链条环评管理体系提供参考。

地铁轨道交通环控系统的虚拟仿真设计与实现

环控系统是保证地铁轨道安全运营的关键环节。为此,基于项目功能需求和虚拟仿真技术,对深圳地铁轨道环控系统进行了虚拟仿真设计与开发。首先设计虚拟仿真系统项目开发流程,进行三维模型和场景的构建,然后采用PBR的渲染流程制作高真实感纹理贴图,并运用Unity3D进行系统开发。该系统的开发为轨道交通环控系统的运维、救灾和培训实验建立了新的模式,有利于提高工作效率,降低培训和运营成本。

温室环境控制方法研究现状分析与展望

环境控制方法是实现温室蔬菜高效生产的关键。随着现代控制技术的快速发展,温室环境控制方法逐步从手动、定时控制方法,转变为设定值控制和智能控制等方式。该文概述了以设定值为目标实现环境控制的方法,归纳了模糊控制、解耦控制、人工智能控制和表型控制等智能控制方法的特点,总结了现有温室环境调控领域控光、控温、控气、通风、灌溉和“云-边-端”协同控制系统的优劣。针对现存问题,指出该领域的发展趋势为构建考虑扰动因素影响的温室环境控制方法,研制基于作物生长和表型评价体系的环境调控模型,以及建立多模型融合的“云-边-端”协同温室环境调控系统。相关技术的发展将为温室的智能化与信息化发展提供重要的决策依据和借鉴意义。

载人航天环控与生保标准现状概述

环境控制(简称环控)与生命保障系统(简称生保)作为载人航天器(或载人空间平台/基地)的分系统,直接关系到航天员的身体健康与安全,是载人航天的关键系统,也是区别于不载人航天器的根本所在。本文简介载人航天环控与生保技术发展与标准现状,概述ISO标准、MCB标准和ECSS标准相关内容,针对我国现状,提出以下建议:借鉴国外经验,从用户及应用角度出发,围绕环控生保两大任务及技术要素进行标准体系策划;标准项目去型号化,重点规定技术要求以及接口;采用谁使用就由谁主导制定标准的原则,充分满足用户使用需求。

基于BPNN-PID控制策略的果蔬保鲜环境参数调控优化

【目的】开发新的控制策略,用于解决传统控制方法果蔬保鲜环境参数因时变性、非线性、滞后性强和惯性大等特点导致的控制精度低、鲁棒性弱等问题。【方法】将传统比例−积分−微分(Proportional-integral-derivative,PID)和BP神经网络(Back-propagation neural network,BPNN)算法相结合,开发一种基于BPNN-PID的控制策略,通过自主搭建的果蔬保鲜环境调控试验平台和自主设计的控制系统,研究不同控制策略对保鲜环境参数调控效果的影响。【结果】基于BPNN-PID控制策略的果蔬保鲜环境控制系统,环境温度超调量为1.7℃、稳定时间为80 min、稳态误差为±0.2℃,环境相对湿度超调量为2.8%、稳定时间为55 min,相对湿度稳定维持在80%~90%范围内。与传统PID控制策略相比,BPNN-PID控制策略环境温度超调量减小了2.1℃、稳态误差减小了0.3℃、稳定时间缩短了25 min,环境相对湿度超调量减小了2.2%、稳定时间缩短了25 min,环境参数波动幅度均有所降低。【结论】本文开发的果蔬保鲜环境控制系统呈现出良好的动态调整能力,具有较强的鲁棒性,控制性能明显提升,实现了保鲜环境参数的精准控制,满足果蔬保鲜贮藏要求。研究结果为果蔬保鲜环境参数调控提供了参考。

环境管理体系认证的收入分配效应——基于企业劳动收入份额的研究

环境管理体系认证是当前中国应用最广泛的自愿型环境规制手段,通过环境管理体系认证能够对企业的管理环节和生产流程进行绿色化改造,进而促进企业的绿色高质量发展。企业进行环境管理体系认证能否提升劳动收入份额,目前仍存在研究不足。本文利用2008—2020年中国A股上市企业数据,实证检验了环境管理体系认证对于企业劳动收入份额的影响。研究结果表明:环境管理体系认证能够显著提高企业的劳动收入份额,在一系列稳健性检验后结果依然显著。机制检验表明:企业环境管理体系认证能够缓解企业的融资约束、提升内部控制质量,发挥“融资效应”和“治理效应”,进而提高劳动收入份额。异质性分析表明,这种效应在国有企业、劳动密集型企业、技术密集型企业、数字化转型程度更高的企业中更加显著。本文的研究结论对于推动中国企业绿色高质量发展具有一定的政策启示。

低成本小批量微纳卫星控制系统的研制实践

针对微纳卫星的研制特点,结合控制系统研制过程中的具体实践,从单机产品设计、系统方案设计、测试和环境试验,以及软件开发方面,给出了微纳卫星降低成本、提高可靠性与研制效率的措施和建议.通过采用控制系统内部的冗余备份设计,以及系统级可靠性措施,简化了系统配置,并提高了系统可靠性.通过进行系统级的热循环试验可降低研制成本,并达到可靠性试验筛选的目的.通过开展平台化和通用化设计,完善和改进软件开发流程,提高了研制效率.所述方法和措施在卫星研制中取得了较好的效果.

基于STM32的分控变量喷雾系统设计与试验

为改善玉米作物吊施喷雾作业过程中农药浪费造成环境污染及药液残留的问题,设计一种分控变量喷雾控制系统。系统以STM32单片机为控制核心,以压力传感器与速度传感器采集机具行进速度与吊喷杆上、下喷口处实际喷雾压力,通过用户人为给定理论压力值的方法,单片机比较实际压力值与理论压力值的关系进而调整吊喷杆上、下喷口处电动调节阀的开度,实现吊喷杆上、下喷口处喷雾压力随行进速度变化喷雾。试验结果表明,恒速试验中上喷头喷雾流量平均相对误差为2.59%、下喷头喷雾流量平均相对误差为2.87%,变速试验中上喷头喷雾流量平均相对误差为2.6%、下喷头喷雾流量平均相对误差为3.11%。控制系统软件与硬件设计合理,控制精度可达到要求。