Characterization of Wastewater in School Environments for an Ecological Treatment Solution: A Case Study of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 School

The study conducted at Ndiebene Gandiol 1 school in Senegal has unveiled serious environmental and public health challenges. The wastewater analysis revealed high levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and fecal coliforms, signaling potential risks to the well-being of students and staff. This situation mirrors a wider issue in rural educational settings, where inadequate sanitation persists. Intensive wastewater treatment options are known for their effectiveness against high pollutant loads but are resource-intensive in both energy and cost. Conversely, extensive treatment systems, while requiring more land, provide a sustainable alternative by harnessing natural processes for pollutant removal. The research suggests a hybrid treatment approach could serve the school’s needs, balancing the robust capabilities of intensive methods with the ecological benefits of extensive systems. Such a solution would need to be tailored to the specific environmental, financial, and logistical context of the school, based on comprehensive feasibility studies and stakeholder engagement. This study’s findings underscore the urgency of addressing sanitation in schools, as it is intrinsically linked to the health and academic success of students. Quick, effective, and long-term strategies are vital to secure a healthier and more prosperous future for the youth. With proper implementation, the school can transform its sanitation facilities, setting a precedent for rural educational institutions in Senegal and similar contexts globally.

Environmental Impacts of Farm Waste Treatment Methods and Perspectives of Valorization by Composting: The Case of the Farm “Sociétéde Provenderies du Cameroun (SPC)” of Foumbot

Waste recovery is an environmental, agronomic and economic asset. The farm “Société de Provenderies du Cameroun” (SPC) processes its wastes by incineration and landfill. During this study, environmental impacts of these two treatment methods were assessed in this farm and a composting experiment was also conducted. For the experiment, chicken carcasses and droppings mixed with wood shavings, straw, incineration ash, egg shells and cattle dung were distributed differently in four experimental composters C1, C2, C3 and C4 with the same starting weight. C1 consisted of the first three waste types, for C2, C3 and C4 a new waste was added in the order they are listed above. The results show that the major impacts associated with the incineration and landfilling of SPC waste are the degradation of the health of workers and surrounding populations, the occurrence of conflicts, and the pollution of the air, soil and groundwater of the site. As far as composting is concerned, the characteristics of three of the four composts obtained are usable as soil fertilisers. Indeed, at the end of the experiment, the pH of the four composters was basic (8), the temperature values were between 24°C and 34°C and the humidity values were between 37% and 41%. However, the last parameter, the C/N ratio, was not satisfactory for C1 (13.42), which eliminated it from mature and ready-to-use composts according to FAO standards. The C/N ratios of C2 (15.71), C3 (16.30), and C4 (18) composters were found to be good for mature and ready-to-use compost.

Public Participation in Water Environment Control：the Status and Experience of Shenzhen, Southern China

Public participation is an important part of watershed water environment management. Via public participation, it could enhance public environmental awareness, mobilize multiple forces to reconcile the conflicts among multiple interest groups, supervise corporate environmental be-havior, and overcome the shortcomings of government unilateral decision-making. In this paper, the status quo of public participating in water envi-ronment control is summarized, and the existing problems of public participating in water environment control are analyzed. From the aspects of per-fecting legal system, perfecting water environment information disclosure system, expanding information communication channels, correctly guiding the development of environmental social organization, playing the supervision role of the people＇s congress and political consultative committee, and enriching the forms of publicity and education, the countermeasures and suggestions of public participating in water environment control are proposed, to perfect public participation mechanism, and scientifically and orderly impel comprehensive treatment of water environment.

The Transformation of Environmental Governance from the Point of the Interaction between Government and National People's Congress

Taking cadmium pollution in X River as an example, the interaction between National People＇s Congress and local government was de- scribed. How the local government transforms its role in environment protection with the help of several deputies to National People＇s Congress was expounded from the angle of social construction, which also enlightened the way to build an environment protection road with Chinese characteristics.

Decentralized Treatment Technique in Rural Domestic Sewage in China

Nowadays,rural domestic sewage has had serious effects on the natural environment in rural areas such as the body of water and soil.In order to ensure rural water security and good health condition of farmers,it is urgent to treat the rural sewage.The theoretical principle,characteristics,deficiencies and application status of some decentralized disposal technologies for domestic sewage are introduced,which include high rate algal pond technology,subsurface infiltration treatment system,earthworm eco-filter,constructed wetland treatment technology and membrane bioreactor technology,so as to provide references for the rural sewage treatment.

Chrome free surface treatments for galvanized steels—present and future

As the galvanized steels used for electrical and office appliances has achieved a complete chrome-free production worldwide,surface treatment technologies have entered a new phase of development.Grenter effort will be made in exploring new frontier for future surface treatment technologies.A greater contribution will be made for environmental protection,energy-saving and resource-saving,to prevent globalwarming.

Environmental Water Price Based on Water Environment Capacity and Ecological Water Consumption: A Case Study of Hefei

With the development and reform of water price policy, the most common view is that the total cost of water price can reflect the tradable traits of water resources, which can enhance the water use efficiency and achieve water resources sustainable utilization. Besides in actual pricing operation, from the angle of protection cost, water price characterizes the cost of controlling pollution and protecting water environment. Based on the two factors of water environment capacity and ecological water consumption embodied by the environment water price, this paper puts forward an effective environmental water price calculation model based on three elements of sewage treatment fee, ecological water price and water quality maintenance fee. And this paper takes the data of Hefei as an example, calculates reasonable environmental price, comparing which with the existing price, and finds the main existing problem which needs to be solved urgently in management.

Impacts of Chromium from Tannery Effluent and Evaluation of Alternative Treatment Options

The paper has focused on the challenges/impacts of tannery effluent and evaluates the alternative treatment options used to treat, recover or recycle chromium from the waste water. The paper was done entirely on secondary data by consulting literature sources including scientific journals, chapters of books, conference report papers and websites. The results of this review paper indicated that chromium is highly toxic and carcinogenic to human beings, animals, plants and the general environment (soil and water sediment). It is found out that chrome is the primary threat when ever tanning industry comes in to practice. Though many treatment options were evaluated to prevent its consequence on the environment, neither of them could achieve to treat or recover chrome 100%. Treatment options are either;inef-ficient, complicated, energy demanding, costly or applicable to a certain parts of the world due to technology or skilled man power demand. Therefore, to tackle this serious challenge stringent environmental regulation with law enforce-ment has to be exercised to use better treatment system which is widely applicable. Polluters must also know the envi-ronmental cost of their industry and treated according to polluter pay or precautionary principles. Moreover, the gen-eral public has to be aware of it and all concerned organizations and governments has to work hand in hand to reach zero discharge level or at least to attain the EPA chrome discharge

A Grey Water Dam Design for the Treatment and Reuse of Grey Water from Single and Multiple Households

An innovative design for the treatment and reuse of grey water is presented in the form of a grey water dam which is an outgrowth of the vertical grey water tower. A hydraulic equation has been formulated and is presented in this paper which is used to determine the seepage path within the grey water dam, and determine the dimensions of the dam components. The hydraulic equation model also helps in avoiding soil piping problems by keeping the phreatic line within the grey water dam. Vegetables are planted around the surface of the dam as a reuse option while helping recycling of water in the form of evapotranspiration. A successful pilot trial of this dam was run in Mnyamatsini area in Swaziland which can accept grey water from multiple households.

Sustainability Assessment of Wastewater Systems: An Environmental and Economic Approach

To address current challenges regarding sustainable development of wastewater treatment and provide scientific support in decision procedures towards sustainable solutions, new approaches, frameworks and methodologies about different possible solutions and their potential sustainability implications are needed. One way to facilitate sustainability assessment of wastewater is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology;however, it fails to map the full scope of wastewater impacts. This paper presents a framework to evaluate the performance of Wastewater Treatment Facilities (WWTF) taking into consideration various factors for insuring environmental sustainability. A total of nine indicators, seven environmental and two economic related to four wastewater treatment facilities, were assessed. Apart from evaluating the sustainability, this study also discussed the link of life cycle approach and social aspects of wastewater. The results show that for the environmental dimension using LCA provides information on different types of environmental activities and different impact categories. LCA can thus be used to quantify and compare the multiple types of impacts caused by one type of use or emission, as well as the various resource uses or emissions that contribute to one type of impacts. For the economic dimension, there is still a need for consistent and robust indicators and methods. The empirical results suggest that the environmental sustainability framework can be used in the first phase of the decision procedure that leads to a strategic choice for sustainable resource recovery from wastewater in developing countries. This motives researchers and decision-makers to consider the whole picture, and not just individual aspects, when considering different futures scenarios.

Technological Options to Ameliorate Waste Treatment of Intensive Pig Production in China:An Analysis Based on Bio-Economic Model

Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.

植物-微生物电化学耦合降解底泥中氯硝柳胺的特性

以植物-底泥-微生物电化学系统中氯硝柳胺的降解为研究对象,研究了外加电压、植物(菖蒲(Acorus Calamus L.)和黑麦草(Lolium Perenne L.))以及生物表面活性剂(鼠李糖脂)对氯硝柳胺降解的影响。研究结果表明:外加适量的直流电压可以对底泥-微生物电化学系统中氯硝柳胺的降解产生一定的促进作用,1.2 V外加电压作用下的底泥-微生物电化学耦合系统中氯硝柳胺降解的半衰期比0.2 V减少了11.59%;植物对底泥中氯硝柳胺降解具有促进作用,1.2 V电压作用下的菖蒲和黑麦草微生物电化学耦合系统氯硝柳胺降解半衰期比无植物时分别减少7.43%和1.58%;外加适量的鼠李糖脂对于底泥中氯硝柳胺的降解具有促进作用,外加1.2 V电压,在且菖蒲-底泥-微生物电化学耦合系统中加入0.50 g·kg^(-1)鼠李糖脂,氯硝柳胺降解半衰期最小,比不加入鼠李糖脂减少26.45%。耦合系统中的氯硝柳胺通过生成2-氯-4-硝基苯胺、5-氯水杨酸等中间产物逐渐降解,最终生成CO_(2)、H_(2)O等。

电石渣的资源化利用现状

阐述了电石渣综合利用的研究状况。传统资源化方式包括制备建筑材料和改善环境,如以电石渣制造水泥、地聚物以及其他建筑材料等;电石渣呈强碱性,可以处理酸性废水、废气,达到以废治废、保护环境的目的。总结了电石渣资源化在化学、冶金和碳捕集方面的新机遇。电石渣不仅是良好的钙基资源,也拥有良好的经济性,电石渣的资源化利用具有重要意义。

中国西南地区电解锰渣特性分析及影响因素研究

电解锰行业发展面临的困境之一是锰渣的处理处置方法。为探索绿色低碳的锰渣无害化处理技术,选取中国5家典型电解锰企业新、旧电解锰渣,通过其理化特性及浸出毒性分析,研究堆存条件、时间及工艺参数等因素对不同企业锰渣特性的影响。结果显示:不同企业的新、旧锰渣平均质量含水率相差最大时均达19%以上,浸出液pH值最高分别相差0.95、1.45,不同企业新鲜锰渣的SiO_(2)和Al_(2)O_(3)平均质量分数最大相差分别为43.18%、146.25%,且可溶性盐质量分数均超过10%,未达到填埋入场标准。锰渣中石膏和石英的质量分数随堆存条件和时间发生不同的变化。企业C在堆存过程中石膏和石英的质量分数在增加,而企业E锰渣中烧石膏质量分数在增加,石英质量分数在减少。历史锰渣浸出液中Mn^(2+)和氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)N)的质量浓度较高,分别超过GB/T 8978—1996一级排放标准限值的65.92~935.00倍和2.56~63.80倍,表明长期堆存的锰渣仍存在较大的环境污染风险。不同地区企业的锰渣应通过无害化处理与资源化利用来降低其环境污染风险,须根据化学成分、理化性质不同选择合适的资源化方式。

科研与实践相结合推进水处理综合实验教学体系创新的探索

社会和行业的快速发展对污水处理专业人才的知识水平和实践能力提出了更高的要求,将科研与实践相结合推进综合实验教学体系改革已成为必然趋势。污水处理综合实验课程教学体系创新应充分发挥实践性、自主性、探索性、手段多样性和与时俱进的显著特色,将学科发展前沿和研究热点等以案例形式引入教学,推进创新型、有特色的实验教学体系建设。

Cannabis Indoor Growing Conditions, Management Practices, and Post-Harvest Treatment: A Review

Cannabis has attracted a new wave of research attention as an herbal medicine. To deliver compliant, uniform, and safe cannabis medicine, growers should optimize growing environments on a site-specific basis. Considering that environmental factors are interconnected, changes in a factor prompts adjustment of other factors. This paper reviews existing work that considers indoor growing conditions (light, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity, growing media, and nutrient supply), management practices (irrigation, fertilization, pruning & training, and harvest timing), and post-harvest treatment (drying and storage) for cannabis indoor production.

Importance of Monitor and Control on New-Emerging Pollutants in Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants

The wide occurrence of new-emerging pollutants and their potential environmental and ecological risks have recently caused great public concerns. The paper firstly put forward the severe problem. Then the possible main reasons were analyzed which might attribute to both the inefficient removal of wastewater treatment plants with conventional technology and ignorance of the monitor and control of new-emerging pollutants in the effluents. Also, the complexity and extreme high costs may also make the organizations sidestep the problem. Finally, possible strategies to deal with the problems were proposed. The upgrade of wastewater treatment plants was important and urgent.

A Review of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Symptoms, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Health Related Quality of Life Issues

In this paper, we present a thorough review of one of the most life-threatening autoimmune diseases, Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Symptoms, risk factors, including genetic and epidemiological factors are discussed. Treatment, life expectancies, and Health Related Quality of Life of patients with SLE will be discussed as well. Special attention will be given to Lupus Nephritis.

基于环境听觉管理的舒适化口腔治疗应用于儿童牙科畏惧症的效果观察

目的:探讨基于环境听觉管理的舒适化口腔治疗应用于儿童牙科畏惧症的效果。方法:选取2021年1月-2022年7月医院收治的122例儿童牙科畏惧症患儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组,各61例。对照组实施常规口腔治疗,观察组实施基于环境听觉管理的舒适化口腔治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前后生理应激水平、牙科畏惧症状、临床焦虑水平及舒适度变化。结果:观察组患儿治疗后舒张压、心率低于对照组,收缩压高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿治疗后“害怕牙医”“让不认识的人碰”“医生钻牙”“想象钻牙的场景”“医生把工具放到嘴巴里”及总分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿临床焦虑水平轻于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿治疗后舒适度各维度评分、总分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于环境听觉管理的舒适化口腔治疗应用于儿童牙科畏惧症中可促使生理应激水平保持稳定,提高舒适度,减轻患儿畏惧症状及焦虑水平。

河长制对企业环境治理策略的影响

以2008—2016年沪深A股上市公司为样本,借助政策试点扩散阶段所形成的天然处理组与控制组,采用多期双重差分法实证检验了河长制对企业环境治理策略的影响。研究发现,河长制的实施能显著促进企业采取“末端治理”策略(短期导向),但尚不能有效引导企业采取“源头防控”策略(长期导向),该结论经过一系列检验后仍然成立,这种促进效应对处于经济较发达、监管距离较近、河流下游、有省级政策文件出台及进行了河长制政策再生产地区的企业更明显。进一步研究发现,地方政府加大地区污染治理投资、增强地区环境监管力度是河长制能对企业“末端治理”策略产生促进作用的重要渠道,公众环境诉求可在一定程度上矫正企业环境治理决策的短期导向。