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Environmental management system and community's spillover behavior 被引量:1
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作者 NIK Ramli Nik Abd Rashid Kamsol Mohamed Kassim Kamaruzaman Jusoff 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering》 2009年第9期58-66,共9页
The purpose of this study is to explore how business organizations could effectively promote positive environmental norms among a larger section of the community. This study hypothesized that the development of a feel... The purpose of this study is to explore how business organizations could effectively promote positive environmental norms among a larger section of the community. This study hypothesized that the development of a feeling of high involvement among employees of organizations implementing the Environmental Management System (EMS) could result in the spillover phenomena of other environmentally responsible behavior in different domains such as, consumer preferences for environment-friendly products. The study also confirms the effects of environmental attitude (EA) and concrete knowledge (CK) as a mediator; acting not only as an axis to the spillover phenomenon but is also found to be the crucial factor in determining the strength of the whole spillover process. 展开更多
关键词 spillover behavior COMMUNITY environmental attitude concrete knowledge environmental management system
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On division management for environmental system of China: lessons from European local sustainable development 被引量:1
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作者 Bai Yongqing Hao Jingxia Zhu Xiancheng 《Ecological Economy》 2006年第2期190-195,共6页
The concept of sustainable development, after being brousht forward, has become a shibboleth in the world, at national and local levels. In Europe, this concept is implemented from the local to tha nation, even to the... The concept of sustainable development, after being brousht forward, has become a shibboleth in the world, at national and local levels. In Europe, this concept is implemented from the local to tha nation, even to the Continent. The local sustainable development mainly consists in two factors: one is the renovating method continually invented by European Secretariot of ICLEI, and the other is that the local authorities towards sustainability are co-operated by the European Sustainable Cities and Towns Campaign. The coo-budget method is the outcome of tbese factors, For our country is a big country, on rapid progression of indastrialization and urbanization, with a large population and scarce resoarces per capita, it is practically significance to study us soon as possible the methodology. Experience from European local sustainable development may help us to resolve the handicap of departraent division in local a, tbority. 展开更多
关键词 Local sustainable development Europe China environmental management Department division
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A regional environmental management information system for Chinese EPA—the system analysis and design
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作者 Situ Wei, Cheng Shengtong, Zhang Xin, Long Peixiang and Liu HongbinDepartment of Environmental Engineering,Tsinghau University,Beijing,China 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1989年第2期91-97,共7页
REMIS is one of key research projects sponsored by the central government. It is recommended to regional EPAs as a main tool of the environmental management. REMIS simulates the functions of the regional EPAs and aime... REMIS is one of key research projects sponsored by the central government. It is recommended to regional EPAs as a main tool of the environmental management. REMIS simulates the functions of the regional EPAs and aimed to improve their management level. The national environmental management information system will base on REMIS.Functional analysis is the kernel of the REMIS system analysis. Data and data flow analysis are used to support the functional analysis.Investigations on the functions of the local EPAs of eight provinces and 12 cities have been taken. The functions were carefully sorted. Modular design method was used in system analysis and system design.The system analysis included functional analysis, data analysis and data flow analysis. The system design is based on the system analysis. HIPO diagram of each modular, data base structure, menu design, selection of hardware and software environment were the main items of the system design. 展开更多
关键词 environment management information system system engineering environmental management database.
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Participatory Environmental Management and its Framework of Group Decision Support System
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作者 CHEN Kun-yu QIN Zheng 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2003年第2期188-192,共5页
Considering some drawbacks of the mainstream approach to environmental management (EM),the conception and basic idea of Participatory EM(PEM) are put forward.PEM possesses some main features and benefits that are supe... Considering some drawbacks of the mainstream approach to environmental management (EM),the conception and basic idea of Participatory EM(PEM) are put forward.PEM possesses some main features and benefits that are superior to the mainstream approach,but also faces the crucial constraint in decision-making.The dilemma can be effectively settled by applying an advanced decision-making support tool-group decision support system(GDSS).On the basis of recognizing the complex decision-making environment of PEM,this paper describes the components of GDSS for PEM(PEM-GDSS) and further discusses the basic requirement of PEM-GDSS. 展开更多
关键词 environmental management participatory environmental management group decision support system
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Problems on the application of geographic information systems to urban environmental management
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作者 何强 LONG +1 位作者 Tengrui 《Journal of Chongqing University》 CAS 2002年第2期50-53,共4页
Geographic information systems (GIS) are a widely used tool in urban planning and management. More and more cities and decision-makers require its attributes of promptness, precision and visualization. But the applica... Geographic information systems (GIS) are a widely used tool in urban planning and management. More and more cities and decision-makers require its attributes of promptness, precision and visualization. But the application of GIS in urban environmental management is still a new field and relevant researches are getting on tardily. As a subsystem of GIS, an urban environmental management geographic information system (UEMGIS) should be a complex multi-discipline and multi-objective tool to perform quantitative multi-dimension analysis and to transfer the results into an expression legible to an ordinary user. It should be a dynamic system of prompt functions based on upgradable databases, and be composed of many subsystems respectively specialized in items about water, air, waste and noise as well as relative standards and regulations. However, existing UEMGISs mostly rely on the basic GIS too much to design the actual requirements of applications and managements in themselves, and the unavailability of sufficient fundamental data has retarded their improvement. In the design of a UEMGIS, the standardization of data classification should be taken into consideration to make the data exchangeable and shareable among its subsystems and within every subsystem, and the applicable error limits for input data should be defined in accordance with the user抯 required precision of data out. Data acquisition can be easy and quick if remote sensing, global positioning system (GPS) and other technologies are combined with GIS. Rapidly progressing information technologies have been giving a bright prospect for the melioration of UEMGIS that will have great potential and wide application in environmental conservation. 展开更多
关键词 geographic information system urban environmental management global positioning system
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Coupling trade-offs and supply-demand of ecosystem services(ES):A new opportunity for ES management 被引量:5
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作者 Qiang Feng Wenwu Zhao +2 位作者 Baoling Duan Xiangping Hu Francesco Cherubini 《Geography and Sustainability》 2021年第4期275-280,共6页
The trade-offs and supply-demand relations of ecosystem services(ES)are at the frontier of geographical and ecological studies.However,previous studies have focused on either trade-offs or the supply-demand aspects,wh... The trade-offs and supply-demand relations of ecosystem services(ES)are at the frontier of geographical and ecological studies.However,previous studies have focused on either trade-offs or the supply-demand aspects,while ES conflicts and supply/demand contradictions have not been comprehensively examined.The relation-ship between ES trade-offs and supply-demand is logically valid and studying the coupling of both can provide approaches for simultaneously alleviating ES conflicts and supply-demand contradictions.This study,based on a review of previous analyses of ES trade-offs and supply-demand dynamics,proposes a new analytic framework to couple them.First,we define two types of trade-offs based on the directions of growth or decline of the two ser-vices.We also define the supply-demand balance area and the supply-demand risk area according to the ES flow characteristics.Second,the mechanisms driving ES trade-offs are clarified,and land-use scenarios are set based on the mechanisms.Third,the supply-demand spatial characteristics of ES are analyzed,and supply-demand risk areas are identified.Finally,scenario iterations are performed to minimize the supply-demand risk area at an acceptable trade-offintensity to identify an optimal land use plan,which simultaneously alleviates ES conflicts and supply-demand contradictions.This analytic framework offers new opportunities for improving sustainable ecosystem management. 展开更多
关键词 environmental management Service conflicts Supply-demand contradictions Coupling analysis
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New Attempt for Building Rural Water Environment Management System Based on the Investigation and Analysis of Water Environment in Xianxia Town, Yudu County 被引量:1
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作者 ZHONG Xilin 《Journal of Landscape Research》 2016年第3期87-89,92,共4页
Water environment is a part of ecological environment, and conservation of water environment has always been a focus of public attention in China, but water environment management in the vast countryside has been stuc... Water environment is a part of ecological environment, and conservation of water environment has always been a focus of public attention in China, but water environment management in the vast countryside has been stuck in bottleneck. Based on the fi eld investigation in Xianxia Town, Yudu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, this paper explored the current situation of local water environment and the management diffi culties, then introduced the holistic view to integrate the linkage of government, market and society, proposed the universality of the individual case, and the new attempt centering on urban-rural integrated water environment management system with public participation mechanism, management subjects' benefit balance and coordination system, marketing operation mechanism and economic incentive mechanism as the extension. 展开更多
关键词 Rural water environment management system Xianxia Town Yudu County Subject’s benefit Public participation Marketing operation
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Impacts of Environmental Management on the Quality of Traditional Well Water in the Soubre Region(South-West of Cote d’Ivoire) 被引量:1
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作者 Ohou-Yao Marie Jeanne Adelaide Ouattara Leygnima Yaya +1 位作者 Yapo Ossey Bernard Mambo Veronique 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 2017年第13期1634-1644,共11页
Water supply is a global problem. A study was conducted on twelve (12) traditional wells water in Daba Dagnogo and Gnipi 2 to determine their physico-chemical quality. Two sampling campaigns (dry season and rainy seas... Water supply is a global problem. A study was conducted on twelve (12) traditional wells water in Daba Dagnogo and Gnipi 2 to determine their physico-chemical quality. Two sampling campaigns (dry season and rainy season), were performed on 16 physical and chemical parameters. The results show that the water is acidic with an average pH of 6.41 ± 0.4;moderately mineralized with an average conductivity of 731.14 ± 611.98 μS·cm-1;moderately saline with an average rate of 1.56 ± 1.22. The average temperature of 28.07 ± 0.86°C is above the norm for all wells. All major ions are consistent with WHO standards except calcium and potassium. 41.67% of wells exceed the standard ammonium ion whose average was 1.43 ± 2.79 mg·L-1 nitrate and 100% with an average of 492.42 ± 434.02 mg·L-1. The ion concentrations are highest in the urban area and are higher in the dry season. The quality of the water sampled wells deteriorated. Several factors affect the degradation, namely the shallow wells, their proximity to toilet, the lack of sanitation and poor management of household waste. It will carry out a campaign to educate people to protect the immediate environment of the water points, avoiding the deposit of garbage and to provide the appropriate wells lids. 展开更多
关键词 Soubré Traditional Wells Physico-Chemical Quality environmental management
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Concurrency: a system design approach to environmental manag-ement and sustainability
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作者 Daws.RW ShuT 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2002年第1期63-69,共7页
The lessons of history indicate that mismanagement of natural resources and the environment often leads to potentially adverse consequences. The increasing interest in economic development, particularly in the develop... The lessons of history indicate that mismanagement of natural resources and the environment often leads to potentially adverse consequences. The increasing interest in economic development, particularly in the developing countries of the world coupled with increasing population pressures and the globalization of economic activity is placing noticeable stresses on the ultimate sustainability of both human and environmental systems. Sustainable development is not a new concept. It has been an area of concern for different elements of society for some time. Yet efforts to understand the implications of sustainable development have not, until recently, been formalized. We have focused singularly on economic development and environmental quality as if they were mutually exclusive. This paper focuses on the concept of concurrency as both a conceptual framework and practicable method of understanding and implementing the ecology and economy of sustainability. 展开更多
关键词 SUSTAINABILITY CONCURRENCY ecological economics environmental management
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Environmental status and management in Chiba Prefecture
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作者 Kiyoshi TSUCHIYA 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1990年第2期87-98,共12页
Chiba Prefecture is located in the east of Tokyo Metropolis. A large scale development of industrial and residential areas began in the late 1950s until then the main industries of the prefecture were agriculture and ... Chiba Prefecture is located in the east of Tokyo Metropolis. A large scale development of industrial and residential areas began in the late 1950s until then the main industries of the prefecture were agriculture and fisheries. During the past 30 years rapid industrialization and urbanization took place resulting in occurrence of various environmental problems.In an attempt to establish a better environment condition towards 21st century Chiba Prefecture has made Environmental Plan which all the municipal governments, enterprises and inhabitants should observe to realize better environment. 展开更多
关键词 environmental status environmental management Chiba Prefecture Japan.
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Marine environmental quality, pollution monitoring and environmental management
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作者 Xu Kun can Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005,China Yuan Dong xing, Yang Dong ning Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005,China 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1998年第4期86-90,共5页
Chinese government has adopted a series of management measures to prevent and manage marine pollution and to protect ocean bio resources and ecosystem. The key points of Chinese marine environmental quality status, po... Chinese government has adopted a series of management measures to prevent and manage marine pollution and to protect ocean bio resources and ecosystem. The key points of Chinese marine environmental quality status, pollution monitoring and environmental management since 1980' were discussed in this paper. Those included the investigations of Chinese coast environmental quality, monitoring techniques and standards, as well as the marine environmental management measures. Recent status of marine environmental pollution and the monitoring network in China were also introduced. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese coast marine environmental quality marine pollution monitoring marine environmental management.
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Defence force activities in marine protected areas:environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area,Queensland,Australia
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作者 武文 王小华 +1 位作者 David PAULL Julie KESBY 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第3期667-676,共10页
Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with susta... Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. This paper focuses on how the ADF is maintaining effective environmental management, especially in environmentally sensitive marine protected areas. It uses Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management strategies conducted by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant Defence training areas in Australia, with a large number of single, joint and combined military exercises conducted in the area. With its maritime component contained in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland's State Marine Parks, it has high protection values. It is therefore vital for the ADF to adopt environmentally responsible management while they are conducting military activities. As to various tools employed to manage environmental performance, the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is widely used by the ADE This paper exanlines military activities and marine environmental management within SWBTA, using the Talisman Saber (TS) exercise series as an example. These are extensive joint exercises conducted by the ADF and the United States defence forces. The paper outlines relevant legislative framework and environmental policies, analyses how the EMS operates in environmental management of military activities, and how military activities comply with these regulations. It discusses the implementation of the ADF EMS, including risk reduction measures, environmental awareness training, consultation and communication with stakeholders. A number of environmental management actions used in the TS exercises are presented to demonstrate the EMS application. Our investigations to this point indicate that the ADF is complying with all relevant legislation and policies. Further research is required to confirm compliance and conclude that military activities have good accord with environmental management objectives. 展开更多
关键词 Australian Defence Force marine protected areas environmental management system Shoalwater Bay Training Area
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Urbanization, environmental consequences and management in China
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作者 Lu Yonglong (Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences),Chinese Acaderny of Scieiences,Beijing 100085,China) 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1995年第1期1-11,共11页
Urbanization,environmentalconsequencesandmanagementinChinaLuYonglong(ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalScien... Urbanization,environmentalconsequencesandmanagementinChinaLuYonglong(ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences),ChineseAcade... 展开更多
关键词 URBANIZATION environmental management urban ecological planning
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Towards Sustainable Urban Environmental Management in Jiangyin city, East China
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作者 Hu Dan, Wang Rusong & Yuan Shaojun Department of the Key Lab of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2004年第3期50-56,共7页
Dramatic economic and social changes have taken place in Jiangyin city due to rapid and uneven urbanization and industrialization. The environmental degradation has followed driven by these changes since the 1980'... Dramatic economic and social changes have taken place in Jiangyin city due to rapid and uneven urbanization and industrialization. The environmental degradation has followed driven by these changes since the 1980's. With the pressures and effects of environmental deterioration, the city has implemented environmental management to hold back the trends of negative environmental changes. From the viewpoint of systems, DPSER is a good model for urban environmental changes to understand the causes, pressure, state, effect, existing responses and future action strategies. We took Jiangyin city, a developed city in South Jiangsu province, East China, as an example, and analyzed the characteristics of environmental changes and urban responses using DPSER model. Some operational strategies have been put forward to direct the city environmental management towards a sustainable road step by step. 展开更多
关键词 DPSER analysis model Jiangyin city in East China Sustainable environmental management URBANIZATION
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A "Paradox" in China's Environmental Management: An Argument From a Comparative Study on Waste Recycling Policies Between China and Japan
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作者 Takashi Sekiyama 《Chinese Business Review》 2013年第6期425-434,共10页
China appears to have a "paradox" in its environmental management policies. For example, China's recycling policies appear paradoxical. With its rapidly expanding economy, China is now the world's largest emitter ... China appears to have a "paradox" in its environmental management policies. For example, China's recycling policies appear paradoxical. With its rapidly expanding economy, China is now the world's largest emitter of urban waste. Under such a situation, China is aiming to build up a recycling economy by enacting a number of related laws. Despite the development of waste recycling regulations, however, the load on the environment by continuously increasing waste has not reduced in China so far. What explains this seemingly paradoxical situation of waste recycling in China? It has been pointed out in the previous study on China's climate change policies that environment protection falls under the rubric of sustainable development in China. The question here is whether the same story can be applied to areas other than climate change in China's environmental management. This paper examines it in the area of its waste recycling policy. This paper conducts an evaluation of waste recycling regulations in China by comparing it with the experience of Japan, China's next-door advanced country. It concludes that the waste recycling regulations in China do not primarily aim at reducing the environmental load by reducing the amount of waste but rather for the main purpose of recycling and reusing resources effectively for the sake of economic development. 展开更多
关键词 China paradoxical environmental management recycling policy economic development sustainablesociety the environmental Kuztnets curve
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Fengshui Theory in Environmental Management of Qingyun Temple in Yuyang District
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作者 YANG Yang WANG Jin +1 位作者 GUO Ting LIU Yuan 《Journal of Landscape Research》 2017年第3期52-56,共5页
Fengshui, one of the important factors in the layout of Chinese traditional buildings, runs through activities related to traditional Chinese architecture. In order to better interpret and reflect the relationship bet... Fengshui, one of the important factors in the layout of Chinese traditional buildings, runs through activities related to traditional Chinese architecture. In order to better interpret and reflect the relationship between traditional buildings and the surrounding natural environment, Fengshui theory is moderately applied when it comes to an environmental improvement project, so as to make the whole design more unified and the sub-design more sound. Therefore, buildings are more coordinated with the overall environment, and the essence of "culture of harmoniousness" of Chinese traditional architecture is reflected. 展开更多
关键词 FENGSHUI Traditional architecture environmental management
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Strategies for Sustainable Environmental Management of Construction Activities in Ghana
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作者 Simon Ofori Ametepey Samuel Ansah William Gyadu-Asiedu 《Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research》 2020年第3期180-192,共13页
The Ghanaian construction industry continues to improve by the recent intensification of infrastructure development by government and the private sector. Nonetheless, this is happening with a strong focus on economic ... The Ghanaian construction industry continues to improve by the recent intensification of infrastructure development by government and the private sector. Nonetheless, this is happening with a strong focus on economic development to the detriment of the environment these activities affect. This paper focuses on identifying the strategies by which sustainable environmental management could be structured to mitigate the impact of construction activities in Ghana. A mixed-method research approach was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 83 practitioners in the construction industry, while qualitative data were elicited from 18 Construction and Environmental Management practitioners. The mean scores indicated that all the 20 strategies for integrating environmental concerns into construction activities in Ghana were considered significant by the respondents. The empirical findings of the study indicate that for environmental concerns to be effectively integrated into construction activities in Ghana, a concerted effort will be required from the various actors within the construction industry. These include the role of clients in selecting environmentally conscious service providers, designers focusing on environmentally friendly construction materials and methods, reduce, recycling and reuse of waste materials, the commitment of government towards sustainable development, and well-structured educational campaigns to promote environmentally sustainable construction activities. 展开更多
关键词 Construction Industry environmental management STRATEGIES Sustainable Construction Sustainable Development
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An Analysis of the Public Participation in Environmental Management in the Era of"Intemet+"
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《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2018年第1期22-28,共7页
In recent years, the application of Intemet technology in the public participation in environmental management has been developing continuously in China. From the case of Maoming PX Incident and the case of Chai's "... In recent years, the application of Intemet technology in the public participation in environmental management has been developing continuously in China. From the case of Maoming PX Incident and the case of Chai's "Under the Dome," it can be seen that Internet technology has both advantages of promoting the public participation in environmental management and disadvantages of the lacks of normative guidance. Government departments should not only adapt to the "Internet+" era and guide the public use of Internet technology in environment management, but also strengthen the construction of laws and regulations and the construction of institutional mechanisms to standardize concrete links of the public participation in environmental management through the Intemet and finally establish a system of the public participation in environmental management in the era of"lnternet+." 展开更多
关键词 "Intemet+ public participation environmental management
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Research on Decision Support System (DSS) of Atmospheric Environment Management in Anhui Province Based on Air Quality Forecasting
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作者 Geng Tianzhao Ji Mian +4 位作者 Zhu Yu Wang Huan Dong Hao Zhao Xuhui Cheng Long 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2018年第4期61-65,共5页
With the atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring, air quality forecasting and decision of environment management as the main line, and comprehensive management system as the guidance, five platforms including infrastruct... With the atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring, air quality forecasting and decision of environment management as the main line, and comprehensive management system as the guidance, five platforms including infrastructure, technological support, monitoring and early monitoring, decision support and information services were established. These platforms have 15 subsystems, including stereoscopic monitoring network, visual business consultation, high-performance computing environment, comprehensive management of atmospheric data, emission inventories of pollu-tion sources, evaluation tools of atmospheric models, monitoring and management of air pollution, forecasting and early warning of air quality, diag-nostic analysis of atmospheric environment, tracking of air pollution sources, emergency management of air pollution, conformity management of air quality, comprehensive display of information, releasing of information to external networks, and releasing of information by mobile networks. The decision support system (DSS) of atmospheric environment management could realize an integration business system of 11 air quality forecast - heavy pollution weather warning - diagnosis of pollution causes (dynamic analysis of pollution sources) -air quality conformity planning (air pollu-tion emergency management) -evaluation of forecasting and warning results (evaluation pf management measures) -air quality forecasting" and provide the technical support for the prevention and control of atmosphere pollution in Anhui province. 展开更多
关键词 Atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring Air quality forecasting Decision of environmental management
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Assessment the Effectiveness of Preparedness for Relative Constant Factors in Environmental Disaster Management: A Case Study from Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia
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作者 Al Garni A. Mohammad Awadelkarim M. Ali Alhijan A. Ahmad 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2016年第6期926-933,共8页
The preparedness phase is considered as backbone of environmental disaster management. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of relatively constant factors of preparedness phase on environmental disaster man... The preparedness phase is considered as backbone of environmental disaster management. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of relatively constant factors of preparedness phase on environmental disaster management in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The study used descriptive and analytical approach besides the comprehensive survey depends upon questionnaire for purposive data surveyed all employees in the field of environmental disaster management in Riyadh city including administrations, department, and contains 21 sector including public and private sector for total population of about 397 persons and sample size about 353 persons using statistical tests, frequencies, percentage, average, standard deviation and t test and × square test as well as Likert procedure on which depends on the measurement such as: very high, high, average, weak and very weak. The main results reveal that the constant factors of environmental disaster management are more important for evaluating the preparedness phase. Since the relatively constant factors of environmental disaster management are more important. The study recommends that: 1) Enhancement of the systems and procedures in particular disaster management procedures. 2) It is so necessary to publish a new unit for disaster management in the sectors have not. 3) Increase and encouragement of environmental disaster management studies in particular for preparedness phase because it considers as backbone of disaster management and suggestion of regional and local organizations link generally and in information trade off and the details studies in particular by providing the different types of support and encouragement. 展开更多
关键词 PREPAREDNESS environmental Disaster management Riyadh City
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