Frame Work of Data Envelopment Analysis—A Model to Evaluate the Environmental Efficiency of China'S Industrial Sectors

Objective To evaluate the environmental and technical efficiencies of China＇s industrial sectors and provide appropriate advice for policy makers in the context of rapid economic growth and concurrent serious environmental damages caused by industrial pollutants. Methods A data of envelopment analysis （DEA） framework crediting both reduction of pollution outputs and expansion of good outputs was designed as a model to compute environmental efficiency of China＇s regional industrial systems. Results As shown by the geometric mean of environmental efficiency, if other inputs were made constant and good outputs were not to be improved, the air pollution outputs would have the potential to be decreased by about 60% in the whole China. Conclusion Both environmental and technical efficiencies have the potential to be greatly improved in China, which may provide some advice for policy-makers.

Environmental Efficiency Analysis of China’s Vegetable Production

To analyze and estimate the environmental efficiency of China’s vegetable production. Methods The stochastic translog frontier model was used to estimate the technical efficiency of vegetable production. Based on the estimated frontier and technical inefficiency levels, we used the method developed by Reinhard, et al.[1] to estimate the environmental efficiency. Pesticide and chemical fertilizer inputs were treated as environmentally detrimental inputs. Results From estimated results, the mean environmental efficiency for pesticide input was 69.7%, indicating a great potential for reducing pesticide use in China’s vegetable production. In addition, substitution and output elasticities for vegetable farms were estimated to provide farmers with helpful information on how to reallocate input resources and improve efficiency. Conclusion There exists a great potential for reducing pesticide use in China’s vegetable production.

Coupling Relationship Among Technological Innovation,Industrial Transformation and Environmental Efficiency:A Case Study of the Huaihai Economic Zone,China

The 14th Five-Year Plan period is a critical period for China to achieve high-quality development. Based on super-efficiency slacks-based measure(SBM) model, grey-related analysis(GRA) and other models, this paper studies the heterogeneity of the coupling relationship among technological innovation, industrial transformation and environmental efficiency in the Huaihai Economic Zone during the period of 2005-2019. In addition, it analyzes the coupling mechanism of single and binary systems to the ternary system, which is of great significance for the collaborative symbiosis among systems. The findings are as follows. 1) The technological innovation, industrial transformation and environmental efficiency(TIE) systems of the Huaihai Economic Zone had significant spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Although their evaluation value fluctuated, the development trends are all positive. Ultimately, technological innovation is characterized by being high in the northeast and low in the southwest around Xuzhou, while other systems are relatively staggered in space. 2) The coupling of TIE systems is in transition, lack of orderly integration and benign interaction. However, the developing trend of interaction is also upward, and a spatial pattern driven by Xuzhou and Linyi as the dual cores has gradually formed. Moreover, the coupling is mostly manifested as outdated technological innovation and industrial transformation. Except for the final coordination of regenerative cities, the other resource types are all in transition. Cities in all traffic locations are still in transition. The overall system interaction of cities on Longhai Line(Lanzhou-Lianyungang Railway) is relatively optimal, and cities on Xinshi Line(Xinxiang-Rizhao Railway) are accelerating toward synergy. 3) The coupling status of TIE systems depends on the development of the single system and the interaction of the binary(2E) system. The coupling is closely related to technological innovation and Technology-Industry system,and is hindered by the inefficient interaction of Technology-Environment system. Specifically, the synergy of regenerative cities is attributed to the advantage of a single system and the effective integration of 2E systems. Beneficial from the advantages of environmental efficiency, the cities on Xinshi Line promote the synergy of the 2E and TIE systems. Therefore, while the Huaihai Economic Zone stimulates the development potential of the single and 2E systems, it is necessary to amplify the superimposition effect of systems in accordance on the basis of resource and location.

Static and Dynamic Analysis on the Environmental Efficiency of 267 Cities in China during 2004-2012

This study mainly investigates the environmental efficiency of 267 Chinese cities from 2004 to 2012 through a metafrontier,directional and super-efficiency approach. First,we explore the regional and time heterogeneity of environmental efficiency. Then,we compare the technological gap ratio in different regions and years. Lastly,we analyze the technological and management potential in different regions. We determine that the gap between environmental efficiency under group frontier and metafrontier widened from 2009 to 2012,indicating that environmental efficiency varies in different regions in China. The technology gap ratio has decreased in the four regions. This result confirms that the regional heterogeneity of environmental efficiency has increased. Thus,strengthening environmental management is crucial. China must improve green innovation to decrease energy consumption and abate carbon emissions.

Evaluating the environmental efficiency of the U.S.airline industry using a directional distance function DEA approach

This study applies a directional distance function(DDF)data envelopment analysis(DEA)model to measure the environmental efficiency of 12 U.S.airlines 2013–2016 by considering flight delay and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions as joint undesirable outputs.First,the environmental efficiency of airlines is compared using the CCR DEA(without flight delay)and DDF DEA(with flight delay).We find that several airlines experienced substantial changes in environmental efficiency scores when flight delay is considered.Secondly,a tobit regression is used to explore whether the environmental factors of fleet age,ownership type,freight traffic,market share,and carrier type affect airlines’environmental efficiency.The results demonstrate that all of these factors significantly influence airline performance.

Comprehensive Assessment of Regional Circular Economy Development Based on Efficiency of Resource & Environment: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

In the first, the paper gave a retrospective analysis on the comprehensive assessment of circular economic development. According to the requirement of improving resource & environment efficiency, the paper designed an analytical framework for a comprehensive assessment of regional circular economic growth, which consists of the goal, object and technical line of the comprehensive assessment of regional circular economic development. Given that, the paper discussed the criterion for choosing the assessment index, the approaches of index's weighing determination, the means of data standardization, and the reference system of assessment index value and so on. According to the framework of regional circular economic development evaluation, die paper made a comprehensive evaluation of Jiangsu Province's circular economic development. The result shows that from temporal change, Jiangsu Province's circular economic development had different stages; from the spatial comparison, there is variance among different regions, which could be divided into different types according to the spatial variance and the relation between the development of circular economy and the aggregative index number. There was a remarkable correlation between circular economic development level and GDP or the 2nd industry GDP.Finally, the paper gives some suggestions on how to promote the development of circular economy in Jiangsu Province.

Three novel dendritic chitosan derivatives for inhibiting acid corrosion of petroleum pipelines

In the process of exploration and development of oil and gas fields, the acidic environment of oil reservoir, production and transport processes cause corrosion of pipelines and equipment, resulting in huge economic losses and production safety risks. Corrosion inhibitors were widely used in oil industry because of simple operation process and economical. In this study, three environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors were synthesized based on the natural polysaccharide chitosan. Corrosion inhibition of three dendritic chitosan derivatives (We name them BH, CH and DH) on mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution with natural ventilation system was evaluated by weight loss experiment, electrochemical analysis and surface morphology characterization. The experimental results showed that when the three dendritic chitosan derivatives added in the corrosive medium were 500 mg L^(−1), the corrosion inhibition efficiencies were all more than 80%. Based on quantum chemical calculation, inhibition mechanisms of three dendritic chitosan derivatives were investigated according to molecular structures. The results showed that the benzene ring, Schiff base and N atom contained in the molecule were the active centers of electron exchange, which were more likely to form a film on the carbon steel surface, thereby slowing or inhibiting corrosion. The results also predicted the corrosion inhibition effect BH > DH > CH, which was consistent with the experimental conclusion.

The energy efficiency and environmental protection campaign demands policy incentives

The hottest topic now among Europe's automotive industry is CO2. The European Union has set the goal. By 2012, all Europe-based car makers would have to reduce the per car CO2 level to as low as 120-130g/km from the current 160g/km.

An Integrated DEA Model Allowing Decomposition of Eco-Efficiency:A Case Study of China

A common feature of previous studies about the application of data envelopment analysis(DEA) to determine environmental and economic efficiencies is that the two were analyzed in separate models or frameworks. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic efficiency and environmental efficiency with a single model. This paper proposes an integrated DEA model, based on a modification of the directional distance function, which allows us to decompose the eco-efficiency(EE) into the economic efficiency(ECE) and environmental efficiency(ENE). The ECE characterizes the ability of gaining economic benefits while the ENE characterizes the ability to control pollutant emissions in production activities. Identification of ECE and ENE can help decision makers of different regions detect what kind of factor(economic inefficiency or environmental inefficiency) is the main source of eco-inefficiency. This can help decision makers more targeted to improve EE. To illustrate the feasibility of our approach, a case study of 30 regions in China is presented. The empirical results show that almost all regions have very high economic efficiencies. The environmental inefficiency is the main source of eco-inefficiency. The differences of environmental efficiencies lead to the differences of eco-efficiencies in the east, central and west areas, while the economic efficiencies do not have significant differences among these areas. The economic efficiencies showed an opposite "V" shape and the environmental efficiencies showed a decreasing trend during the period 2010–2014.

An Analysis of Energy and Environment Efficiency of China＇s Iron and Steel Industry

Due to heavy energy consumption and low technical efficiency, China＇s iron and steel industry is trapped in the dilemma ＂large but not strong＂. This situation not only exerts enormous pressure on energy security but also on increased carbon emission and environmental pollution. The contribution of this study is to calculate the energy and environment efficiency of China＇s iron and steel industry and to analyze the factors affecting this efficiency. An index of energy and environment efficiency is introduced based on Directional Slacks-based Distance Measure Model. This index is adopted to measure the energy and environment efficiency of China＇s iron and steel industry using 2,382 firm observations during 2001 to 2005. In addition, Hierarchy Linear Model （HLM） is applied to analyze the factors which can influence the efficiency with both firm-level and province-level data. The conclusions are as follows： The energy and environment efficiency of China＇s iron and steel industry did not have a significant change during the research period. A firm＇s age, size, ownership, product category and the economy of its province have significant influence on its energy and environment efficiency.

Fuel efficient,environmental protection,green manufacturing The orientation of China's auto industry--experts

Green manufacturing is a new way out for the auto industry—ZHAO Hang, president of CATARC The green manufacturing means a lot, in terms of the manufacturing process, material and techniques. China spares no efforts to producing vehicles and it

Sustainability performance analysis of environment innovation systems using a two-stage network DEA model with shared resources

The term environmental innovation system refers to an innovation network composed of enterprises,universities,and research institutions involved in the development and diffusion of environmental technology,with the participation of a government.An environmental innovation system not only exerts important impact on the achievement of carbon neutrality but also affects social and economic activities.Investigations on environmental innovation system performance constantly assume a singlestage independent system while ignoring its internal structure.However,such systems are composed of environmental innovation research and development(R&D)and environmental innovation conversion subsystems.A two-stage data envelopment analysis(DEA)model is developed in this study to analyze the efficiency of Chinese regional environmental innovation system by opening the"black box"and considering shared resources.Empirical results indicated that China presents high overall environmental innovation efficiency although some regions need to improve.Regions with low efficiencies in both environmental innovation R&D(EIR)and environmental innovation conversion(EIC)subsystems should expand their investment in and strengthen the management of environmental innovation resources.Regions with low EIR efficiency should improve the absorption and transformation of environmental innovation achievements.Regions with low EIC efficiency should increase investment in the commercialization of environmental innovation achievements and encourage green economy industries,such as new energy,art,tourism,and environmental protection.