A Study on the Theory and Approach of Environmental Impact Assessment in General Land Use Planning

In this paper,the theory and approach of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning are studied from different aspects.First,starting from the content and concept of general land use planning,the necessity of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning is illustrated.On the basis of its evaluation theories and methodologies,it attempts to establish index system of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning,and point outs that current general land use planning requires public participation.

Land-Use Planning Guidelines for Optimal Coastal Environmental Management

The objective of this study is to weigh and recommend environmentally-optimal regional land-use planning guidelines for coastal regions. The present malaise is assessed, as regards inefficiencies, non-suitability, non-sustainability, enhancing factors of environmental degradation, and potentially destructive consequences of current land-use alteration. Desired situations and goals are considered, and means are proposed for bridging the gap between the present malaise and a desired situation, based on five key approaches developed by the authors. Specific examples of regional approaches are presented. Guidelines and operational measures for sound regional planning the authors have employed in similar circumstances are recommended.

Geospatial Mapping of Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen Distribution Under a Mixed-Land Use System

Mapping the spatial distribution of soil nitrate-nitrogen （NO3=N） is important to guide nitrogen application as well as to assess environmental risk of NO3-N leaching into the groundwater. We employed univariate and hybrid geostatistical methods to map the spatial distribution of soil NO3-N across a landscape in northeast Florida. Soil samples were collected from four depth increments （0-30, 30-60, 60-120 and 120-180 cm） from 147 sampling locations identified using a stratified random and nested sampling design based on soil, land use and elevation strata. Soil NO3-N distributions in the top two layers were spatially autocorrelated and mapped using lognormal kriging. Environmental correlation models for NO3-N prediction were derived using linear and non-linear regression methods, and employed to develop NO3-N trend maps. Land use and its related variables derived from satellite imagery were identified as important variables to predict NO3-N using environmental correlation models. While lognormal kriging produced smoothly varying maps, trend maps derived from environmental correlation models generated spatially heterogeneous maps. Trend maps were combined with ordinary kriging predictions of trend model residuals to develop regression kriging prediction maps, which gave the best NO3-N predictions. As land use and remotely sensed data are readily available and have much finer spatial resolution compared to field sampled soils, our findings suggested the efficacy of environmental correlation models based on land use and remotely sensed data for landscape scale mapping of soil NO3-N. The methodologies implemented are transferable for mapping of soil NO3-N in other landscapes.

Cloud Data and Computing Services Allow Regional Environmental Assessment:A Case Study of Macquarie-Castlereagh Basin, Australia

Large amounts of data at various temporal and spatial scales require terabyte(TB) level storage and computation, both of which are not easy for researchers to access. Cloud data and computing services provide another solution to store, process, share and explore environmental data with low costs, stronger computation capacity and easy access. The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits and challenges of using freely available satellite data products from Australian Geoscience DataCube and Google Earth Engine(GEE) online data with time series for integrative environmental analysis of the Macquarie-Castlereagh Basin in the last 15 years as a case study. Results revealed that the cloud platform simplifies the procedure of traditional catalog data processing and analysis. The integrated analysis based on the cloud computing and traditional methods represents a great potential as a low-cost, efficient and user-friendly method for global and regional environmental study. The user can save considerable time and cost on data integration. The research shows that there is an excellent promise in performing regional environmental analysis by using a cloud platform. The incoming challenge of the cloud platform is that not all kinds of data are available on the cloud platform. How data are integrated into a single platform while protecting or recognizing the data property, or how one portal can be used to explore data archived on different platforms represent considerable challenges.

Visualizing Relationships between Drivers of Environmental Change and Pressures on Land-Based Ecosystems

The pursuit of human needs and demands is placing more pressure on land resources than ever before. The challenge of feeding 7 billion people is increasingly competing with rising demands for materials and biofuels. Deforestation and land degradation are among the pressing outcomes of these trends. Drivers of environmental change—including population growth, economic activity, consumption, urbanization, trade, conflict, and governance—clearly play a role in aggravating or mitigating these pressures on land. Despite advances in understanding causality in complex systems, navigating the interactions between these drivers remains a major challenge. This paper analyzes and visualizes the relationships between multiple, interacting drivers of environmental change and specific pressures on land-based ecosystems. Drawing on experience from the development of the Drivers and Land chapters of the UN Environment Programme’s Fifth Global Environment Outlook report (GEO-5), we use a series of Kiviat diagrams to illustrate the relative influence of key drivers on selected pressures on land. When individual diagrams are overlaid, patterns of influence emerge that can provide insight into where policy responses might best be targeted. We propose that, subject to some limitations, the Kiviat exercise can provide an accessible and potentially valuable “knowledge-intermediary” tool to help link science-based information to policy action.

THE APPLICATION OF GIS IN URBAN PLANNING:ENVIRONMENTAL ZONING STUDY IN THE OLD CITY OF WENZHOU,CHINA

Due to rapid growth of population, urbanization and industrialization, in many cites of the developing world, there is severe contradiction between urban land supply and land demand which resulted in many urban land use conflicting situations and urban environment degrading. This paper is mainly focused on this problem, demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of environmental study by integrating GIS and environmetal zoning method. Two neighbourhoods of the old city of Wenzhou were chosen as the study area. With the aid of GIS software PC Arc/info as dBate IV, an urhan environmental impact assessment study was carried out based on the data available such as land use map and detailed attribute data of each land planning unit. The main factors taken into consideration include: the type of activity causing environmental stress, the type and strength of environmental impact and the type of receptive area that could be affected.

COCKPIT-PLUS:A proposed method for rapid groundwater vulnerability-driven land use zoning in tropical cockpit karst areas

Karst groundwater is highly vulnerable to contamination,which urges better land use zoning.This paper proposes a new approach,called COCKPIT-PLUS,to minimize groundwater contamination within cockpit karst regions.The method employed four parameters:P(the existence of ponor/swallow hole),L(lineament density),U(sinking stream to an underground river),and S(distance to spring/pumping site).These parameters are essential for identifying contaminant pathways and transport from the surface to the karst groundwater/springs.COCKPIT-PLUS has been developed and validated in the Gunungsewu karst in Java,Indonesia.This research considers a cockpit as a single hydrological unit that uniquely recharges karst groundwater.We analyzed 2,811 cockpits and 81 other closed depressions to develop a land use planning map.The research used the time to first arrival(Ta),time to peak(Tp),and Q_(max/min)ratio parameters of two karst springs and two underground pumping sites for validation.Cockpits with ponors/swallow holes,sinking streams,high lineament density,and short distances to springs are vulnerable to groundwater and thus must be restricted areas for any land uses.The findings show that though the COCKPIT-PLUS uses a limited karst dataset,the proposed method seems reliable enough for a rapid land-use zoning approach in cockpit karst areas.

The Effect of Land Cover Change on Flooding in Texas

The world population has been increasing while, similarly, both the number of environmental disasters and the loss resulting from those have been on the rise. It is also expected that the trend will continue. Especially, what is noticeable is that more and more people and property concentrate on cities. In fact, urbanization is a major global trend simply because most people want to get their jobs, raise and educate their children, and enjoy riches of diverse cultures, recreation activities, and entertainment, which cities can provide to them. Urbanization always involves transforming the natural environment into a man-made environment, contributing to changes in land use and land cover patterns as well as in landscape and hydrology in the built-up areas. These changes, in turn, negatively influence the natural environment because those changes almost always tend to result in the disruption of its fragile ecosystems in balance. In addition, the changes mean the land used, for example, for a natural ecosystem may be converted into an impervious land, which can increase human vulnerability to floods, causing human and property losses. There has been some research done to investigate the relationship between land use/land cover change and environmental hazards. However, little research has been conducted to test direct effects of land cover change on environmental disasters such as floods, hurricanes, and hazardous material releases by using GIS and remote sensing technologies. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the effect of land cover change on floods. More specifically, the research tested whether land cover change is related to flood disasters in Texas from 1993 to 2012. One of the main findings of this research is that both decrease in forest areas and increase in urban built-up areas contributed to the property damage resulting from flood events.

Uncertainty analysis on aquatic environmental impacts of urban land use change

Uncertainties hamper the implementation of strategic environmental assessment(SEA).In order to quantitatively characterize the uncertainties of environmental impacts,this paper develops an integrated methodology through uncertainty analysis on land use change,which combines the scenario analysis approach,stochastic simulation technique,and statistics.Dalian city in China was taken as a case study in the present work.The results predict that the Fuzhou River poses the highest environmental pollution risk with a probability of 89.63% for COD in 2020.Furthermore,the Biliu River,Fuzhou River,Zhuang River,and Dasha River have 100% probabilities for NH3-N.NH3-N is a more critical pollutant than COD for all rivers.For COD,industry is the critical pollution source for all rivers except the Zhuang River.For NH3-N,agriculture is the critical pollution source for the Biliu River,Yingna River,and Dasha River,sewage for the Fuzhou River and Zhuang River,and industry for the Dengsha River.This methodology can provide useful information,such as environmental risk,environmental pressure,and extremely environmental impact,especially under considerations of uncertainties.It can also help to ascertain the significance of each pollution source and its priority for control in urban planning.

Spatial Analysis for Flood Control by Using Environmental Modeling

To create the final spatial information and analysis, flood hazard maps and land development priority maps and information, data for the flood events to 2009 in north of Iran were incorporated with using Geo-spatial Information System data of physiographic divisions, geologic divisions, land cover classification, elevation, drainage network, administrative districts and population density and environmental parameters modeling. Special analysis also attention was paid to population density for the construction of the land development priority map and using satellite image analysis to determine land use changes and analysis of geo-spatial information, because highly dense populated areas represent the highly important urban and industrial areas. While geo-information technology offers an opportunity to support flood management adequate geo-spatial information is a prerequisite for sustainable development, but many parts of the world lack adequate information on environmental resources. Such information providing, which serves as an important tool for decision-making in land use planning, can help provide effective information to natural disaster management. This paper develops a framework for flood control and begins with some general comments on the importance of land use planning and outlines some current environmental issues and then presenting environmental models to use in disaster management plan by using GIS and remote sensing results. Flood control is a complex problem that requires cooperation of many scientists in different fields. The article also discusses the role that geo-information and environmental planning and GIS and remote sensing technology play in disaster management control to reduce negative impacts of flood and present proper alternatives for developing of Gorganrood in the north of Iran. Advanced high-resolution sensor technology has provided immense scope to the decision makers for analysis of flood and damages details using GIS and remote sensing.

Environmental and Geo-Referenced Information Modeling for Sustainable Development in Iran

By providing Geo-referenced information, which serves as an important tool for decision-making in land use planning, national mapping agencies can help provide effective monitoring of environmental resources while in many parts of the world lack adequate information in clear. Their role in sustainability and development planning is thus unique and es- sential. National cartographic centers and national mapping agencies offers example of such national mapping agencies. Accurate information on land and environmental resources is essential to effective land use planning. Key sources of in- formation include topographic maps, aerial photos, satellite images, and data derived from geographic information sys- tems (GIS). At the national level, this information can be used to identify environmental resources, reveal the develop- ment potential of the country, and help promote effective ecological studies and sound land use planning with a land use planning approach. This article begins with some general comments on the importance of land use planning, and outli- nes some current environmental issues and also highlights the connection between roles of Geo-referenced information in land use planning with a sustainable development approach. The discussion describes several key methods of resour- ce identification, with particular emphasis on aerial photography and the existing potentials of Iran in this field. The ar- ticle also discusses the role that the Geo-referenced information and environmental planning play in developing and promoting geographic information system use to sustainable development and finally present proper models to use en- vironmental information and geo-referenced data for sustainable development.

An analysis of land use development city using imagery pattern in the industrial high resolution satellite

The spatial differentiation of land use changes of Tuticorin is studied using high resolution LISS III satellite imagery and Maximum Likelihood algorithms. The classification accuracy of 95.2% was obtained. In this study,the land use of Tuticorin is classified as settlement,salt pan,agricultural land,wasteland,water bodies and shrubs. The settlement area is increased to 4.6 km2 during the year 2001 and 2006. The settlement area change is mainly driven by growth of industries and migration of people from peripheral villages. Shrub is increased to 3.63 km2 in the six year period. Water logging due to growth of shrubs in Tuticorin leads to several environmental and health hazard. This study warrants proper urban planning for Tuticorin for sustainable use of resource and environment.

土地利用规划环境影响评价存在的问题及对策研究

近年来,我国城市化和工业化的高速发展,使土地资源利用显得尤为紧张。同时,土地资源利用也带来了土地资源、水资源和生态环境等一系列问题,成为制约城市经济发展的重要问题。土地利用规划既要充分考虑城市经济发展的需求,也要重视土地资源利用带来的环境问题。土地利用规划环境影响评价涵盖了土地利用规划现状调查和土地利用环境污染识别两项内容。当前,土地利用规划环境影响评价在评价范围、评价体系、评价层次、评价框架构建和评价标准等方面存在一些问题,需要采取完善土地利用规划环境影响评价标准、创新土地利用规划环境影响评价方法、采用土地利用规划环境影响评价技术和培养土地利用规划环境影响评价人才等措施,提升土地利用规划环境影响评价的水平。

土地利用规划环境影响评价若干问题探讨

研究目的 :探讨土地利用规划环境影响评价有关问题 ,为土地利用规划修编提供基础。研究方法 :综合分析法。研究结果 :提出了土地利用规划环境影响评价的内涵、基本工作程序、指标体系与评价方法。研究结论 :应深入开展土地利用规划环境影响评价研究 ,尽快出台相关技术规程。

基于AHP和熵权法赋权的区域土地开发整理潜力评价

针对耕地整理、未利用土地开发、废弃土地复垦和农村居民点整理构建多层次区域土地开发整理潜力评价指标体系,将改进AHP、熵权法与综合评价法结合起来对重庆市土地开发整理潜力进行了定量化评价。重庆市土地开发整理潜力评价结果表明,土地开发整理潜力由大到小可划分为4个等级,耕地整理潜力是土地开发整理潜力的主要组成部分,耕地整理投入产出率和林地比重提高率是重庆市土地开发整理潜力的主导影响因素。同时未利用土地开发和废弃土地复垦潜力在重庆市土地开发整理潜力也占有重要的地位,未利用地空间规模指数、废弃土地复垦新增园林地系数和空间规模指数也是重庆市土地开发整理潜力的重要影响因素。此外,农村居民点整理在主城区及其周边经济快速发展地区地发展有重要的意义。

德国规划的环境影响评价方法和步骤评介

研究目的 :为我国土地利用规划环境影响评价提供借鉴。研究方法 :文献资料法。研究结果 :介绍了德国战略环境影响评价的对象和评价步骤 ,并从适用范围和评价步骤方面比较了战略环境影响评价与项目环境影响评价的异同。

基于生态系统服务功能价值评估的土地利用总体规划环境影响评价研究

随着全国性、地区性土地利用总体规划的制定与实施,探讨适合于土地利用总体规划环境影响评价的技术方法显得相当重要。在对生态系统服务功能价值评估研究进展进行评述的基础上,分析了生态系统服务功能价值评估在土地利用总体规划环境影响评价中应用的必要性,并结合实例对其应用方法进行了探讨,实例分析表明,生态系统服务功能价值评估在土地利用总体规划环评中的应用具有把土地利用的生态效益转化为简单易懂的货币形式,可为决策者提供直观的生态信息及生态系统服务功能价值,可作为一项量化指标,对土地利用总体规划目标及规划方案的生态效益进行综合评估,且核算简单,有助于节省规划环评的时间和资源等优势,本文还指出了进一步研究的方向。

中国土地利用规划环境影响评价研究评述

研究目的:评述中国土地利用规划环境影响评价的研究进展,指出存在问题和深入研究的方向。研究方法:文献资料法。研究结果:土地利用规划环评的理论意义等研究已比较透彻;具体操作的工作内容和程序清楚,但评价方法与指标体系等研究不够深入系统,实际操作性有待验证;相关研究成果可提供有益参考。研究结论:要加强评价方法和指标体系的研究,加强理论与实践相结合的研究。

土地整理项目规划设计环境影响评价

随着社会经济的发展,土地利用形式和结构渐趋复杂,由此引发的生态环境脆弱度也愈加剧烈,土地整理过程是人为对土地生态系统进行干扰,使生态环境的不确定性增大。为了使土地整理区域景观功能更加合理,生态系统更加稳定,提出对土地整理项目规划设计进行环境影响评价,并对环境影响评价的方法、评价指标体系、评价模型等进行了初步探索,以江苏省仪征市某土地整理项目规划设计的环境影响评价为实证。

区域土地利用规划环境影响评价(Ⅰ)——理论篇

土地利用规划对社会经济的发展和生态环境都会产生深刻的影响,因此尽早地开展环境影响评价对于保证决策的正确性是十分必要的。区域土地利用规划环境影响评价是对土地利用规划实施后可能造成的区域环境影响进行分析、预测和评价,提出预防或缓解措施。目前,区域土地利用规划环境影响评价没有形成完整的理论体系,本文提出了一系列的评价原则,分析了与其他环境影响评价的关系,介绍了土地利用规划环境影响评价的基本程序和内容。