Comprehensive assessment method for environmental impact of railway based on geographic information system

By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway and its impact on the environment, which is adapted for the comprehensive assessment of railway environmental impact and the optimization of railway alignments. The assessment process of the GIS based map overlay method was presented, which includes deciding the system structure and weights of assessment factors, making environmental vulnerability grade maps, and evaluating the alternative alignments comprehensively to obtain the best one. With the GIS functions of spatial analysis, such as overlay analysis and buffer analysis, and functions of handling attribute data, the GIS based map overlay method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing map overlay method and the conclusion is more reasonable. In the end, a detailed case study was illustrated to verify the efficiency of the method.

Problems on the application of geographic information systems to urban environmental management

Geographic information systems (GIS) are a widely used tool in urban planning and management. More and more cities and decision-makers require its attributes of promptness, precision and visualization. But the application of GIS in urban environmental management is still a new field and relevant researches are getting on tardily. As a subsystem of GIS, an urban environmental management geographic information system (UEMGIS) should be a complex multi-discipline and multi-objective tool to perform quantitative multi-dimension analysis and to transfer the results into an expression legible to an ordinary user. It should be a dynamic system of prompt functions based on upgradable databases, and be composed of many subsystems respectively specialized in items about water, air, waste and noise as well as relative standards and regulations. However, existing UEMGISs mostly rely on the basic GIS too much to design the actual requirements of applications and managements in themselves, and the unavailability of sufficient fundamental data has retarded their improvement. In the design of a UEMGIS, the standardization of data classification should be taken into consideration to make the data exchangeable and shareable among its subsystems and within every subsystem, and the applicable error limits for input data should be defined in accordance with the user抯 required precision of data out. Data acquisition can be easy and quick if remote sensing, global positioning system (GPS) and other technologies are combined with GIS. Rapidly progressing information technologies have been giving a bright prospect for the melioration of UEMGIS that will have great potential and wide application in environmental conservation.

青岛城市环境地理信息系统(UEGIS)的设计与实现

本文以青岛城市环境地理信息系统为例 ,利用 GIS技术论述了地理信息系统在环境管理中的应用 ,对系统软件的设计与实现作了介绍和分析 ,着重论述了系统的技术关键和解决方案。说明了利用 GIS技术给环境管理工作带来的便利 ,及对环境地理信息系统的发展前景作了展望。

环境地理信息系统(EGIS)简析

环境地理信息系统作为地理信息系统的一个专题研究领域有其独特性。EGIS的研究内容与方法主要包括环境应用分析如污染指标空间分布特征分析、辅助环境影响评价及功能区划、辅助污染分布数值模拟参数确定、结果显示、实时监测的计算机处理系统、突发事件的模拟分析应用等，以及EGIS应用系统建立的方法。EGIS应用系统建立方法一般包括系统目标的选定、污染源的调查统计、系统功能分析、系统设计与实现。

信息化背景下的环境应急监测技术研究

本文主要围绕信息化背景下的环境应急监测技术进行研究。首先,阐述了信息化背景下环境应急监测技术的重要性。其次,介绍了信息化背景下环境应急监测的技术原则。最后,深入探讨了信息化背景下的环境应急监测技术要点,包括地理信息技术、油污监测技术、通信技术、数据库和注意事项等技术要点。这些技术的综合应用有助于更好地保护自然环境和人类健康,提高环境管理的效力。

“震慑”还是“依靠”:地理距离对企业环境信息披露质量的影响

“双碳”背景下,企业环境信息强制披露拉开序幕。根据地理经济学理论,企业与生态环境监管部门之间地理距离越近,可能对企业形成“震慑”(监督成本的“距离衰减效应”),也可能让企业有所“依靠”(寻租成本的“距离衰减效应”)。基于2015—2020年重点排污上市公司数据,该研究采用固定效应模型和中介效应模型实证检验了企业与生态环境监管部门之间的地理距离对企业环境信息披露质量的影响方向及影响路径。研究表明:①企业与生态环境监管部门之间的地理距离越近,企业的环境信息披露质量越高,支持了监督成本的“距离衰减效应”假说。②地理距离对企业环境信息披露质量的影响是通过省级层面监察监测力度和地市级层面执法力度实现的。③地方人民政府环境治理力度的增强、地区数字化水平的提升和媒体关注的提高均可以抑制监督成本的“距离衰减效应”。为了企业环境信息披露质量的全区域均衡发展,应增强地方人民政府环境治理力度、提升地区数字化水平和提高媒体关注。该研究从地理经济学的视角,拓展了企业环境信息披露质量的影响因素,丰富了地理经济学“距离衰减效应”的理论实践,为促进企业环境信息披露质量的均衡发展提供了解决方案和理论依据。

基于MaxEnt模型的湖北烟区潜在适宜性分布及其环境特征分析

为全面评价生态气候因子对湖北省烟叶生长发育的影响,利用2008—2020年中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CMA land data assimilation system,CLDAS)数据集和其他环境因子,基于最大熵模型(MaxEnt),利用湖北省西部烟区实际种植点位模拟湖北省烟区的潜在适宜性分布,并评估影响适宜性分布的主导环境因子。结果显示:MaxEnt模型对烟草适宜性分布的模拟预测精度较高(AUC=0.854)。海拔(650~1750 m)、土壤类型(黄壤)、团棵期平均最低气温(8.9~15.0℃)、旺长期平均气温(16.0~22.9℃)、成熟期平均气温(18.8~25.6℃)是影响湖北烟草分布的主导环境因子。烟草的高适生区主要分布在恩施、十堰和襄阳南部及宜昌东南部,占湖北省总面积的18.2%,80%区域的海拔为700~1350 m、团棵期平均最低气温11.2~14.5℃、旺长期平均气温19.2~22.8℃、成熟期平均气温22.0~25.4℃。在所有环境因子中,海拔高度起决定性作用,温度则是影响烟草生长发育的重要气象因子。研究表明,本研究结果与湖北烟区实际空间分布基本相符。

公路环境地理信息系统(HEGIS)研究与开发初探

在对公路环境地理信息系统 (HEGIS)进行系统需求分析的基础上 ,描述了利用地理信息系统 (GIS)建立HEGIS的可行性及其研究的主要内容、目的、意义及国内外发展趋势 ,初步探讨HEGIS在环境管理与决策等方面的应用功能研究及其开发技术路线。

桂林市禽流感外环境监测数据的时空特征分析

目的了解桂林市禽流感外环境病毒污染情况,为禽流感疫情防控和预警提供参考数据。方法收集、汇总桂林市2010—2020年禽流感外环境监测数据,对不同年份、不同季节的外环境病毒阳性样本数进行趋势卡方检验;结合环境数据,对阳性检出数与人口密度进行线性相关分析和非线性相关分析;应用方向分布、趋势、空间自相关、高/低聚类(General G)和热点分析等方法分析空间分布。结果2010—2020年桂林市禽流感外环境病毒阳性检出数552例,阳性率为35.5%。阳性检出率秋冬季较高,中部比周边高,且与人口密度呈线性正相关;空间方向分布不明显,大致呈现“东北-西南”的分布模式;阳性标本分布存在高值聚集趋势,以叠彩区、七星区、秀峰区、象山区为“热点区域”。结论2010—2020年桂林市禽流感外环境病毒阳性检出情况在时间上与季节有关,空间上呈中部聚集趋势,且与人口密度呈线性正相关。

基于国土空间规划的资源环境承载力评价——以巴彦淖尔市为例

资源环境承载力评价是国土空间规划的重要组成部分,旨在科学评估区域内自然资源和环境对人类活动的支持能力。以巴彦淖尔市为研究区,结合国土空间规划,运用地理信息系统与层次分析法,构建资源环境承载力评价指标体系,对生态保护、农业生产和城镇建设进行详细评估。评价结果揭示巴彦淖尔市生态保护、农业生产和城镇建设功能方面的不同承载等级,为研究区可持续发展和资源环境保护提供科学依据。研究指出,巴彦淖尔市生态环境保护形势严峻,农用地利用率低,有必要优化国土空间格局,提高资源利用效率,提升资源环境承载力。

基于GIS的环保智能可视化管理系统的研发及应用

基于石化企业环保管理业务特点及需求,从环保智能可视化管理角度提出了基于GIS的环保智能地图管理系统的技术架构,主要解决现有技术难以实现环保管理一体化、系统化、智能化的问题。通过建立基于GIS的环保智能可视化管理系统,将物联网、自动控制、网络通信、GIS以及大数据等信息技术引进环保管理领域,搭建了企业环保数据的价值挖掘和深化应用模式,解决了环保管理业务平台独立、数据多源和分散决策的问题,实现了企业废水、废气、固废、土壤及地下水数据的融合应用,全面支撑企业污染源和环保治理设施的环保智能监控管理,为企业环保过程管控和科学决策提供技术支撑。

国土空间规划中测绘地理信息技术的应用研究

国土空间规划对空间发展有导向作用,可作为多种土地开发利用的凭证,实现绿色生产,推动生态文明建设。测绘地理信息技术对数据获取的可靠、及时且准确性高,可有效辅助国土空间的规划。通过搜集和整理地理信息数据并进行深度分析,可为国土资源利用、分配提供有效的数据支撑,使国土空间规划有多方面的选择。文章主要对国土空间规划中测绘地理信息技术的应用进行分析,以供参考。

生态文明建设视角下的测绘地理信息服务融合发展探究

生态文明建设是当今社会的重要议题,旨在实现经济发展与环境保护的良性循环。测绘地理信息服务在生态文明建设中扮演着重要角色,为生态保护、环境监测、资源利用等方面提供了重要决策支持。文章首先介绍了测绘地理信息服务在生态保护、环境监测和资源利用方面的作用与服务流程;并通过森林保护、水质监测和农业水利资源利用3个案例详细分析了其在生态文明建设中的实际应用与成效。接着分析了未来测绘地理信息服务将更加智能化、精细化和综合化的发展趋势,以及面临的困难和挑战。最后提出了相关建议和发展策略,包括完善数据共享与部门协作机制等,以促进测绘地理信息服务在生态文明建设中的进一步发展。

Eco-Environmental Vulnerability Evaluation in the Yellow River Basin,China

Using remote sensing(RS)data and geographical information system(GIS),eco-environmental vulnerability and its changes were analyzed for the Yellow River Basin,China.The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of eco-environmental changes so that a strategy of sustainable land use could be established.An environmental numerical model was developed using spatial principal component analysis(SPCA)model.The model contains twelve factors that include variables of land use,soil erosion,topography,climate,and vegetation.Using this model,synthetic eco- environmental vulnerability index(SEVI)was computed for 1990 and 2000 for the Yellow River Basin.The SEVI was classified into six levels,potential,slight,light,medium,heavy,and very heavy,following the natural breaks classification. The eco-environmental vulnerability distribution and its changes over the ten years from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed and the driving factors of eco-environmental changes were investigated.The results show that the eco-environmental vulnerability in the study area was at medium level,and the eco-environmental quality had been gradually improved on the whole.However,the eco-environmental quality had become worse over the ten years in some regions.In the study area,population growth,vegetation degradation,and governmental policies for eco-environmental protection were found to be the major factors that caused the eco-environmental changes over the ten years.

Diagnostics of Environmental Risks and Mapping of Surface Water Sensitivity Due to Metal Contamination from Artisanal Gold Mining in Côte d’Ivoire: Case of Angovia, Kokumbo, Hire and Agbaou

The present study performed on the Angovia, Kokumbo, Hire and Agbaou sites consisted of mapping the environmental risks linked to artisanal gold mining activities in C?te d’Ivoire. An inventory was done by observing the different phases of gold extraction and identifying the risks associated with these phases. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), the representation of the spatial distribution of the pollution risks has been realized from indicator descriptives of the environmental sensitivity (i.e. slope, proximity to the watercourse, soil cover) and the transfer indicator (i.e. rainfall). The analysis of this map showed low sensitivity of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) measured in the waters of the Hire and Agbaou localities, while moderate sensitivity in Kokumbo surface waters and high sensitivity for those of Angovia locality were observed. Moreover, analysis of Hg, As, Cu and Zn content spatial distribution maps in surface waters revealed that Hg and As come mainly from the artisanal mining activities for most localities. Among these metallic trace elements observed, only the Hg content was above the WHO Limit Values, 1994 (>0.001 mg·L-1). The continuous spread of metallic trace elements in surface water can pose serious health problems for people living around artisanal gold mining sites, hence the need to put in place a protection plan against contamination.

t-GIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMIC MODELS

Temporal geographic information system(t_GIS) is a kind of computer information system that can display,process and analyze the micro_format distribution of temporal_spatial information of real world.It includes both spatial geographic information and temporal information,and can analyze both the static geographic information and the dynamic geographic information. Three models based on t_GIS for environment dynamics,namely,the mechanism method,the experience method and the mixed method are given. t_GIS based on the environment dynamic model has more new functions than traditional GIS,such as fast I/O,inquiry,static/dynamic display and visible analysis of spatial and temporal sequence information,especially it can display the image of the evolution in the past,current and future environment through the extrapolation method within its defining region.The velocity for analogue display can be accelerated by setting up time_varying_area_function for position and attribute. Dynamic environmental information analysis systems based on t_GIS are applicable to almost all the fields related to management,display and analysis of local environmental dynamic information.For this reason,some considerations to construct distinct information systems have been enumerated in this paper,such as,the analysis information system for terrain evolution,the analysis information system for the condition of water and fertilizer of farmland,analysis and the evaluation information system for ecological environment,and the analysis information system for distribution changes of population of China,etc.

URBAN INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION SYTEM FOR CHINA′S COASTAL PORT CITIES

（苏亚芳）ＵＲＢＡＮＩＮＶＥＳＴＭＥＮＴＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＳＹＴＥＭＦＯＲＣＨＩＮＡＳＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＰＯＲＴＣＩＴＩＥＳ￥ＳｕＹａｆａｎｇ（ＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎ...

Developing web-based urban energy environmental database

Unbalanced energy consumption distribution caused by the concentration of facilities and population topples the natural energy equilibrium of a city and causes environmental problems such as urban tropical night,heat island phenomenon,global warming deterioration.Therefore,to secure eco-friendliness and sustainability of a city,it is necessary to introduce measures to alleviate the unequal distribution phenomenon of urban energy consumption from the city planning stage.For this purpose,the first step is to understand the current energy environment.The urban energy environment is affected by many factors in addition to gathering of buildings.Therefore,there is a limit to fully understanding advanced urban energy environment with only simple statistical urban information management technique.Research on methods of analyzing urban energy environment through simulation of recent urban scale is underway.There is not enough discussion about basic informaion databases for environmental analysis simulation of urban energy.This study presents a method using GIS(geographic information system) and web-based environmental information database as a way to improve the simulation accuracy.First,environmental information factors used for urban simulation were derived,and a web-based environmental information database targeting Daegu metropolitan city of Korea was built.Then,the urban energy environment was analyzed on a trial basis by linking the database with GIS.

Self-Driving Algorithm and Location Estimation Method forSmall Environmental Monitoring Robot in Underground Mines

In underground mine environments where various hazards exist,such as tunnel collapse,toxic gases,the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive exploratory operations.In this study,we developed a small autonomous driving robot for unmanned environmental monitoring in underground mines.The developed autonomous driving robot controls the steering according to the distance to the tunnel wall measured using the light detection and ranging sensor mounted on the robot to estimate its location by simultaneously considering the measured values of the inertial measurement unit and encoder sensors.In addition,the robot autonomously drives through the underground mine and performs environmental monitoring using the temperature/humidity,gas,and particle sensors mounted on the robot.As a result of testing the performance of the developed robot at an amethyst mine in Korea,the robot was found to be able to autonomously drive through tunnel sections with∼28 m length,∼2.5 m height,and∼3 m width successfully.The average error of location estimation was approximately 0.16 m.Using environmental monitoring sensors,temperature of 15–17◦C,humidity of 42%–43%,oxygen concentration of 15.6%–15.7%,and particle concentration of 0.008–0.38 mg/m3 were measured in the experimental area,and no harmful gases were detected.In addition,an environmental monitoring map could be created using the measured values of the robot’s location coordinates and environmental factors recorded during autonomous driving.

Modeling Environmental Susceptibility of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites: A Case Study in São Paulo State, Brazil

The large excess of solid waste generated in cities is a result of population growth and economic development. Properly managing this municipal solid waste (MSW) is a challenge, mainly in underdeveloped and developing countries where financial concerns are an added problem. From the environmental point of view, a major issue is properly disposing MSW taking into consideration a wide range of factors, and working with different spatial data. In this study, we used geographic information system (GIS) to perform multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) conducted by analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The development of the environmental impact susceptibility model (EISM) for municipal solid waste disposal sites (MSWDS) applied to the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil considered factors such as geology, pedology, geomorphology, water resources, and climate represented by fifteen associated sub-factors. The results indicated that more than 82% of Sao Paulo’s territory is situated in areas with very low, low, and medium environmental impact susceptibility categories. However, in the remaining 18% of the state land area, 85 landfills are located in areas with high and very high environmental impact susceptibility categories. These results are alarming because these 85 landfills receive approximately 17,886 tons of MSW on a daily basis, which corresponds to 46% of all municipal solid waste disposed in Sao Paulo state. Therefore, decision makers, urban planners and policymakers could use the findings of the EISM towards mitigating the environmental impacts caused by MSWDS.