Opportunities to Improve the Quality of Environmental Reports and the Effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment: A Case of Electric Power Transmission Systems in Brazil

A good quality Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is key for the effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes and consequently to the acceptability of projects subject to EIA. The international literature has contributed to the understanding of the essential aspects to be verified regarding the quality of EIS, offering a wide spectrum of good practice examples related to the content of the studies. Even so, there is a need for empirical studies that allow the identification of specific aspects related to the context of application of the EIS, which could lead to the identification of opportunities to improve both the quality of the reports and also the effectiveness of EIA. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the quality review of a number of EIS submitted to the Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency (Ibama) to instruct the assessment of electric power transmission systems. Based on the application of the EIS quality review package as proposed by Lee and Colley (1992), the outcomes reveal opportunities for improving the scope of EIA, analysis of alternatives, prediction of magnitude and the assessment of impact significance. Finally, the development and/or adaptation of a similar tool for the systematic review of the quality of EIA reports is recommended.

Environmental Impact Assessment Follow-Up of Seismic Survey Offshore Activities in Brazil

Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects.

Environmental Impact Assessment and Eco-civilization Construction of Urbanization in China

As major policy put forward by the new leadership of China, urbanization will play an irreplaceable role in improving people＇s living standards and guaranteeing sustainable growth of economy. But in the process of urbanization, there are many problems, such as environmental damage and ecological imbalance. Therefore, organic combination of eco-civilization construction and urbanization will be the key solving the problem. As one of preconditions of planning and project, environmental impact assessment will also play pivotal role in eco-civilization construction of urbani- zation in China. We detailedly introduce environmental impact assessment, and put forward how to effectively use environmental impact assessment for the eco-civilization construction of urbanization in China.

Reformed Environmental Impact Assessment in China: An Evaluation of Its Effectiveness

Since 2015, a “reform storm” of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) opened up in China. This study tries to answer the question of whether these reforms improve the effectiveness of EIA. First, we elaborate on the reforms along with three well-acknowledged components, including EIA legislation, administration, and process. Then, evaluate the reformed EIA system against revised Ahmad and Wood’s criteria. The results demonstrate that the revised laws and regulations are more stringent than the old versions. The EIA process is simplified, and its coordination with the pollutant discharge permit system is promoted. The interim and post-event supervision is currently more robust and the penalties are more severe than before. However, the hierarchical position of the Environmental Protection Law is not high enough and the coordination of different government departments is still challenging. In summary, despite the problems occurring at the initial phase of reforms, the effectiveness of the EIA system has largely been improved.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Constructed Wetland in the Jiaohe River Estuary of the Songhua Lake

Wetland plays an extremely important role in economy and ecological environment,and the construction of constructed wetland also has a certain impact on the environment.Via the evaluation on environmental status of constructed wetland,the main environmental problems are found out,and the impact of construction of constructed wetland project on local water environment and ecological environment is analyzed,and evaluation conclusion is obtained.

建设项目碳评价制度的入法路径和规范建构

建设项目碳评价作为一项预防性的碳排放控制措施,在“双碳”目标实现过程中具有重要的价值和意义。建设项目碳评价制度与环境影响评价制度是相互勾连的两种制度,与投资审查制度存在高度重叠。要实现建设项目碳评价制度的法制化,应当加强顶层设计,在生态环境法典中对建设项目碳评价制度进行原则规定;在低碳专门立法中对建设项目碳评价制度进行专门规定,并协调碳排放评价制度与投资审查制度的关系;根据需要对《环境影响评价法》的相关规范进行修改完善,实现建设项目碳评价制度与环境影响评价制度的协调。

净味沥青隧道施工现场烟气排放及环境影响评估

针对沥青路面施工现场烟气排放监测比较随意的情况,结合净味沥青在长大隧道热拌热铺沥青路面施工中对烟气减排的工程应用,研究沥青路面施工现场的烟气采集与测评方法,并对净味沥青减排效果进行评价。在摊铺机的不同位置,采用苏玛罐对沥青烟气进行采集,通过GC-MS气质联用仪对沥青烟气进行定量分析。结果表明:与同源非净味沥青相比,使用净味沥青进行路面施工时,在摊铺机边位、侧翼中位、摊铺机上位3个采集点,沥青烟挥发性有机气体的总质量浓度减排了57.0%、22.6%、27.4%。摊铺机边位处,净味沥青混合料的施工现场中,1、2类致癌物气体的总质量浓度减排了62.3%,且其恶臭强度仅为非净味沥青混合料的1/3左右。通过研究,建议在沥青路面施工现场的烟气排放监测中,采用摊铺机边位处的总挥发性有机物质量浓度、2类以上致癌物总质量浓度及恶臭强度作为关键的环境影响评价指标。

基于改良层次分析法的环境影响评价模型在公路绿色施工中的应用研究

随着中国公路建设的发展,对施工环境的要求越来越高。以公路绿色施工为出发点,基于改良层次分析法,以某高速公路为例,在对公路工程环境影响因素进行分析的基础上,建立公路绿色施工环境影响评价模型,并通过工程实例验证了该评价模型的合理性和有效性。实例结果表明,节材与材料资源利用权重占比23.6%,环境保护、节水与水资源则分别为30.10%、24.5%。其中,边坡植被恢复率为最大影响因素,占比21.99%。研究提出的改良层次分析法可以客观、准确地反映工程环境影响的实际情况,从而为绿色施工提供参考依据。

基于思政育人理念的环境影响评价课程实践教学探索

在“绿水青山就是金山银山”的新时代论断下,在环境工程专业课程中引入思政育人理念,不仅有助于传统教学理念的改革,同时也可以提高教师的教学技能,还能够塑造当代大学生的生态文明观和增强社会责任感,培养具备良好的专业技能、拥有人文精神的新型理工科人才。该文以环境影响评价课程为例,对于环境工程专业基础课程如何开展课程思政改革进行实践教学探索。通过分析环境影响评价课程特点,结合课程思政建设目标,梳理课程思政建设的思路,总结将专业教育与思政教育融合的方法,举例说明如何建立思政育人目标达成的考核评价,初步为环境工程专业课程的思政改革提供实践经验。

基于水合物生成的多机制耦合储存天然气实验研究

探索了基于水合物生成的多机制耦合储存天然气的方法,以提高储存效率并降低环境影响。对不同温度、压力以及不同有机催化剂的使用对水合物生成和稳定性的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明:在低温(-5~15℃)和高压(3~12MPa)条件下,使用特定催化剂显著提高了水合物的生成速率和稳定性。特别是在-5℃和12MPa条件下,使用CAT-4502催化剂时,水合物的生成量达到最大值650m L,而稳定性评分(分解时间)高达84h。此外,水合物技术在温室气体排放和能源消耗方面表现出优越性,相比传统储存方法,可减少约40%的温室气体排放和38%的能源消耗。本研究为天然气的高效储存提供了新的视角,并展示了水合物技术在环境友好性和经济可行性方面的潜力。

建设项目环境影响评价电网二氧化碳排放因子研究

为应对气候变化国家战略要求,将碳排放评价纳入建设项目环境影响评价是今后重要工作之一。在建设项目环境影响评价工作中,如何确定电网二氧化碳排放因子是当前亟待解决的问题。本文在分析建设项目电网二氧化碳排放因子使用现状的基础上,提出了尽可能衔接小范围电网、与电力规划相匹配、力抓主要矛盾等合理核定建设项目电网二氧化碳排放因子的有关建议,探讨了相应的核定方法,并以某省为例进行了建设项目电网二氧化碳排放因子的具体研究。

建设项目环境影响评容及环保措施探讨

环境影响评价制度一直以来都是环保和社会发展的重要推动力量。然而,随着“放管服”改革的深入推进,建设项目需要进行思维创新,以提升环保管理的效率和效果。为此,有必要对建设项目的主要过程及其环境影响评价和环保工作进行全新的审视。通过创新和改进环保管理方式,可以更好地满足“放管服”改革的要求,为环保事业作出更大贡献。

环境影响评价工作中存在的问题及对策探讨

随着社会经济的发展和人口的增长,工业生产项目的数量和规模不断增加,对环境产生越来越大的压力和影响。为了保护自然环境,促进可持续发展,保障公众权益,环境影响评价成为环境工程中不可或缺的重要手段。环境影响评价可以评估建设项目对环境的影响,并提出相应的环保措施,从而减少项目对环境的污染和破坏,促进经济社会的可持续发展。鉴于此,本文探究了环境影响评价的重要性,分析了环境影响评价中存在的问题,并提出相应的解决对策,以期为相关从业人员提供有益的参考。

基于多级模糊综合评价法的公路建设方案环境影响评价研究

由于公路工程的生态影响性,对公路建设方案进行环境影响评价是降低其环境负面影响的关键。建立由5类一级指标,27项二级指标构成,其中二级指标按属性分为定性、定量、半定量三种的公路建设方案环境影响评价指标体系。通过多级模糊综合评价法(MFCA)与改进层次分析法(IAHP)建立公路建设方案环境影响MFCA评价模型,并以乌尉高速建设方案为例进行评价。结果表明,MFCA评价模型实现了多因素、多属性的公路建设方案环境影响综合评价目标,提高了评价结果准确性。

环境影响评价支持美丽中国建设的体系和路径研究

我国环境影响评价(以下简称“环评”)制度发展至今已有40多年,其内涵和外延不断丰富。广义的环评体系包括生态环境分区管控、政策环评、战略环评、规划环评、项目环评和区域评估。各项制度既有侧重,又有共性,形成了完整的环评制度体系,共同构建了源头预防体系的基础性和主体性制度,是全面推进美丽中国建设的重要保障体系之一,对协调经济发展和生态环境保护发挥了重要作用。对照建设美丽中国的6方面23项任务要求,根据环评各项制度的定位与重点,研究形成支持美丽中国建设的环评制度体系和实施路径,并提出完善环评源头预防体系和强化环评体系技术支持的建议。

海上油气环境影响评价与可行性研究一体化策略实践

文章通过在分析海上油气田建设项目环境影响评价与可行性研究一体化工作中开展的优化项目选址选线、完善项目方案和强化项目环保措施等实践,阐述了通过一体化工作加快环境影响评价工作进度,减少项目方案比选的反复,提升项目生态保护措施的成功经验。研究成果可为加快海上油气田建设项目以及其他海洋工程项目环境影响评价工作进度,强化项目环境保护措施提供参考与借鉴。

陆地油田开发建设项目土壤环境影响评价分析

通过系统的对油田开发建设项目的工程特点进行分析,对陆地油田勘探与建设过程主要产排污节点进行了论述,对油田开发项目在施工期、运营期、退役期可能产生的土壤环境影响的性质和程度进行了分析和评价。探讨了新导则实施后陆地石油开发项目土壤环境影响评价的重点和难点,指出油田开发建设项目土壤环境影响评价的重点应是土壤环境影响识别、土壤环境质量现状评价、土壤环境影响预测和土壤环境保护措施。

探索规划环评碳排放评价技术方法推动产业园区减污降碳协同增效

产业园区是我国经济绿色低碳转型的重要载体,是推动工业领域减污降碳的重要平台。目前,规划环评与减污降碳协同增效衔接处于探索阶段,构建规划环评碳排放评价技术方法,制订切实可行的减排计划方案,是推进园区减污降碳的重要抓手。以某市X产业园区规划方案为研究对象,从园区核算边界界定、评价标准体系构建、碳排放预测与分析方法探索、管控目标设定与措施等方面,为产业园区规划碳排放评价提供实践基础,并为产业园区规划环评碳排放评价提出具体工作建议,对发挥规划环评在园区减污降碳方面的源头约束指导作用具有重要意义。

城市桥梁建设与市政交通规划的协调性分析

分析城市桥梁建设与市政交通规划之间的协调性问题。概述城市桥梁建设与市政交通规划的关系和协调性现状,揭示存在的问题和原因;提出提升城市桥梁建设与市政交通规划协调性的策略,包括加强前期规划与设计阶段的协调、优化实施过程、建立健全协调管理与监督机制以及推进技术创新与人才培养;总结研究成果,并对未来城市桥梁建设与市政交通规划协调性提升提出展望。

无压力注浆隔水地基处理施工技术研究

结合工程实际,介绍了一种通过无压力注浆进行基坑隔水的一种地基处理施工方法。通过孔位设计,无压力注浆隔水的方式,对施工场地进行地基处理,将地下水隔离,可实现地下工程无水施工;止水后经水压实验,基坑底部达到隔水层要求的,按照设计规范可以取消抗浮设计措施。在实际工作中,对无压力注浆在基坑隔水施工中的应用进行了尝试,通过注浆孔位置设计和注浆顺序,将水位较高的地下水区域从透水能力强的部位引至透水能力弱的部位,并形成隔水层达到降水的目的。并研究了基坑使用无压力注浆隔水降水的可行性。