Reformed Environmental Impact Assessment in China: An Evaluation of Its Effectiveness

Since 2015, a “reform storm” of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) opened up in China. This study tries to answer the question of whether these reforms improve the effectiveness of EIA. First, we elaborate on the reforms along with three well-acknowledged components, including EIA legislation, administration, and process. Then, evaluate the reformed EIA system against revised Ahmad and Wood’s criteria. The results demonstrate that the revised laws and regulations are more stringent than the old versions. The EIA process is simplified, and its coordination with the pollutant discharge permit system is promoted. The interim and post-event supervision is currently more robust and the penalties are more severe than before. However, the hierarchical position of the Environmental Protection Law is not high enough and the coordination of different government departments is still challenging. In summary, despite the problems occurring at the initial phase of reforms, the effectiveness of the EIA system has largely been improved.

Manufacturing Process Oriented Environmental Friendly Assessment with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

Green manufacturing is a mode to realize environmental friendliness by considering the environmental impact and energy consumption in manufacturing process.In order to make an environmental friendly assessment for manufacturing process,a multi-criteria decision making( MCDM) model combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process( FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution( FTOPSIS) is proposed in this work.The environmental and resource criteria and manufacturing process objects are identified as the first step.Then,the weights of the criteria are calculated by FAHP.Finally,based on experts' evaluation using fuzzy words,the manufacturing process objects are ranked by FTOPSIS.The proposed methodology is applied to a gear shaft manufacturing.The sensitivity analysis and comparisons are implemented to prove its robustness and effectiveness for the ecofriendly assessment for process objects.

Life-Cycle Impact Assessment of Air Emissions from a Cement Production Plant in Cambodia

Cement industrial emissions account for 32% of air pollution in Cambodia. With that in mind, we examined the environmental impact of Cambodia’s cement industry and identified ways that it could reduce air pollution. The study focused on raw material extraction and preparation, calcination, and cement preparation. Data for the life-cycle inventory were provided by the Kampot Cement Plant. Air emissions were assessed using EMEP/EEA and IPCC criteria, and the impact assessment used ReCiPe (2016). The baseline analysis revealed that calcination contributed the most air pollutants, so mitigation scenarios focused on alternative fuels only during the calcination stage of cement production: 1) 100% coal (S1);2) 93% coal and 7% biomass (S2);3) 85% coal and 15% biomass (S3);4) 70% coal and 30% biomass (S4);and 5) 50% coal and 50% biomass (S5). The results demonstrated that certain mitigation measures reduced major emissions and environmental damage. S5 had the best results, reducing CO2 by 49.97, NOx by 2.233, and SO2 by 49.333%;however, it increased PM2.5 by 19.60% and total heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Zn) output by 28.113%. The results of the study showed reductions in serious health and environmental effects associated with climate change of 48.83%, ozone generation of 9.62%, and particulate matter formation of 28.80%. However, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human toxicity increased by 35.66%. Therefore, such mitigation effect would be benefit to carbon reduction target in Cambodia.

Comparative Evaluation of the EIA Systems in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa, Angola, and the European Union

This article provides a comparative overview of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, Angola, and the European Union (EU). EIA “systemic measure” and “foundation measure” criteria are used to evaluate and compare the performance of each system. In contrast to the EU, EIA must be carried out by registered experts in the African countries. In Tanzania, Mozambique and South Africa public consultation is mandatory during scoping. In Kenya and Tanzania the EIA study should contain measures to prevent health hazards, to ensure employee safety, and for emergency management. EIA system monitoring is required in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, and in the EU, but not in South Africa and Angola. Financial issues, insufficient qualified personnel, and an increasing number of EIA applications undermine the capacity of competent authorities to adequately monitor these EIA systems. Consequently, training programmes increase effectiveness of EIA implementation is a common request. The African countries reviewed here have adopted EIA and integrated EIA systems into public policy despite the constraints they face. As they continue to gain experience in EIA and to revise their EIA systems, they are moving towards a more flexible system with greater public involvement and robust arrangements and practices.

Life Cycle Assessment of Different Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) Farming Systems

The life cycle assessment was employed to evaluate the environmental impacts of three farming systems(indoor intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems) of sea cucumber living near Qingdao, China, which can effectively overcome the interference of inaccurate background parameters caused by the diversity of economic level and environment in different regions. Six indicators entailing global warming potential(1.86 E + 04, 3.45 E + 03, 2.36 E + 02), eutrophication potential(6.65 E + 01,-1.24 E + 02,-1.65 E + 02), acidification potential(1.93 E + 02, 4.33 E + 01, 1.30 E + 00), photochemical oxidant formation potential(2.35E-01, 5.46E-02, 2.53E-03), human toxicity potential(2.47 E + 00, 6.08E-01, 4.91 E + 00) and energy use(3.36 E + 05, 1.27 E + 04, 1.48 E + 03) were introduced in the current study. It was found that all environmental indicators in the indoor intensive farming system were much higher than those in semi-intensive and extensive farming systems because of the dominant role of energy input, while energy input also contributed as the leading cause factor for most of the indicators in the semi-intensive farming system. Yet in the extensive farming system, infrastructure materials played a major role. Through a comprehensive comparison of the three farming systems, it was concluded that income per unit area of indoor intensive farming system was much higher than those of semi-intensive and extensive farming systems. However, the extensive farming system was the most sustainable one. Moreover, adequate measures were proposed, respectively, to improve the environmental sustainability of each farming system in the present study.

基于思政育人理念的环境影响评价课程实践教学探索

在“绿水青山就是金山银山”的新时代论断下,在环境工程专业课程中引入思政育人理念,不仅有助于传统教学理念的改革,同时也可以提高教师的教学技能,还能够塑造当代大学生的生态文明观和增强社会责任感,培养具备良好的专业技能、拥有人文精神的新型理工科人才。该文以环境影响评价课程为例,对于环境工程专业基础课程如何开展课程思政改革进行实践教学探索。通过分析环境影响评价课程特点,结合课程思政建设目标,梳理课程思政建设的思路,总结将专业教育与思政教育融合的方法,举例说明如何建立思政育人目标达成的考核评价,初步为环境工程专业课程的思政改革提供实践经验。

The significance of resource recycling for coking wastewater treatment:based on environmental and economic life cycle assessment

The sustainability of the coking industry is supported by reasonable production profit and environmental quality requirements.The traditional measures substantially increased the related costs for enterprises to reach standards.This paper aims to develop a comprehensive cost combined environmental impact assessment method that is necessary for the analysis of wastewater treatment systems.Typical three coking wastewater treatment processes in China were evaluated.Results showed that eutrophication dominantly contributed to the overall environmental effect.Improving effluent quality could significantly reduce the total environmental impact.In terms of an economic perspective,the price of raw materials was the main factor that affected the operating cost of comprehensive treatment.Based on subsystem analysis,the pretreatment stage accounted for the majority of environmental and cost burdens,respectively reaching 64%-78%and 64%-86%.Optimizing the pretreatment process by enhancing the efficiency of high concentration raw material recovery and substituting toxic raw materials for extractant could reduce the environmental impact and economic cost by 43.8%and 57%,respectively,which was an effective way to improve the potential performance of coking wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).

环境影响评价中生物多样性的影响评价探析

在社会不断进步过程中,各类规划建设活动严重影响了自然生态环境,给生物多样性带来了不良影响。我国在推进生态文明建设的过程中,越来越重视保护生态环境、保护生物多样性,并在各类项目规划中将环境影响评价作为一项重点工作。本文主要从建设项目的角度,探究在环境影响评价中实施生物多样性影响评价的方法,以供参考。

基于多级模糊综合评价法的公路建设方案环境影响评价研究

由于公路工程的生态影响性,对公路建设方案进行环境影响评价是降低其环境负面影响的关键。建立由5类一级指标,27项二级指标构成,其中二级指标按属性分为定性、定量、半定量三种的公路建设方案环境影响评价指标体系。通过多级模糊综合评价法(MFCA)与改进层次分析法(IAHP)建立公路建设方案环境影响MFCA评价模型,并以乌尉高速建设方案为例进行评价。结果表明,MFCA评价模型实现了多因素、多属性的公路建设方案环境影响综合评价目标,提高了评价结果准确性。

建设项目环境影响评价打捆审批工作的实践与思考——以日照市为例

建设项目环境影响评价打捆审批是环评审批制度改革的重要举措,通过将类型相同的项目打捆编制一个环境影响评价文件进行报批,并由审批部门出具统一环评批复的模式,为建设单位节约了大量的环评编制成本,提高了环评审批效率。以山东省日照市为研究对象,在对其打捆审批情况进行梳理的基础上,分析了实际应用存在的“难打捆”、企业对此存有疑虑、审查难度大、单体项目变动影响其他项目等问题。最后,提出合理利用环评打捆审批这一手段,加强部门之间协同联动,同时加大事中事后监管和政策宣传解读等建议。

上海市产业园区“三线一单”和规划环评跟踪评估

产业园区既是产业高质量发展的承载区,也是环境污染治理和风险防范的重点区域,落实“三线一单”和规划环评的生态环境管控是产业园区提高环境综合管理水平的重要抓手。连续5年的跟踪评估试点显示,上海市产业园区生态环境分区管控和规划环评效力不断提升,约90%的入园项目可以简化环评手续,营商环境优化明显,有力助推市域产业的高质量发展。跟踪评估试点工作具有显著的借鉴意义,值得全国推广。

探索规划环评碳排放评价技术方法推动产业园区减污降碳协同增效

产业园区是我国经济绿色低碳转型的重要载体,是推动工业领域减污降碳的重要平台。目前,规划环评与减污降碳协同增效衔接处于探索阶段,构建规划环评碳排放评价技术方法,制订切实可行的减排计划方案,是推进园区减污降碳的重要抓手。以某市X产业园区规划方案为研究对象,从园区核算边界界定、评价标准体系构建、碳排放预测与分析方法探索、管控目标设定与措施等方面,为产业园区规划碳排放评价提供实践基础,并为产业园区规划环评碳排放评价提出具体工作建议,对发挥规划环评在园区减污降碳方面的源头约束指导作用具有重要意义。

城市道路类项目环境影响评价技术要点探讨

城市道路类项目的建设与发展对环境产生广泛的影响。为了评估这些影响并确保道路建设的环境可持续性,环境影响评价技术在城市规划和道路建设中发挥着重要作用。本文探讨了城市道路类项目环境影响评价技术的要点,包括评估范围、评价方法和评估指标。通过综合分析和比较,可以更好地理解和评估城市道路建设对环境的影响,为决策者提供科学依据,以实现可持续发展的城市交通系统。

污染影响型建设项目环境影响评价技术评估工作方法及注意事项研究

由于社会发展的需要,会进行污染影响型项目的建设,以保证城市发展。但是污染影响型建设项目在作业环节会排放出大量废弃物,造成严重污染,这就要求在进行建设污染影响型项目时要重视环境影响评价,深入分析环境污染状况,并制定针对性的解决策略。本文从污染影响型建设项目入手,分析其存在的问题,并通过文献综述等手段开展环境影响评价,制定评价工作方法,以实现对污染的防治。

环境影响评价与全过程环保管理的探讨

本文分析了环境影响评价与环保管理的关联及现存问题,并提出改进策略。环境影响评价作为环保管理的关键部分,旨在提供关于项目环境影响的信息以支持决策。目前,评价过程面临环境数据缺乏、技术落后、机制不完善和公众参与度低等问题。为了解决这些问题,建议建立环境数据库、更新评价技术、完善评价机制和增强公众参与,以提升评价的准确性和科学性,从而实现环保与经济的协同进步。在提升公众环保意识的背景下,政府、企业、学校和家庭应共同努力,促进环境保护的发展,保护地球家园,确保环保事业的持续健康发展。

排污许可与环境影响评价制度衔接的困境与出路

排污许可与环境影响评价(以下简称“环评”)制度作为两大环保制度,在审批、监管和追责处罚阶段的衔接有助于形成制度合力。分析了排污许可与环评制度衔接的现实困境,如现行立法规范下排污许可证申请与环评审批衔接不畅、排污许可监管与环评监管衔接不畅、排污许可和环评追责处罚措施均不够合理等,提出了采取分类管理思路弱化环评审批程序、在立法和执法上衔接排污许可监管和环评监管、合理设置建设单位法定义务并完善生态环境部门问责机制的出路建议,以期为构建生态文明、优化营商环境提供制度支撑。

水利工程环境影响回顾性评价研究

对已有水资源开发利用活动的流域/区域,应结合拟建水利项目任务开展环境影响回顾性评价,以修复现有生态环境问题为目标,提出“以新带老”措施。文章探讨了水利项目环境影响回顾性评价工作的要点,以云南省海稍水库扩建工程为例,调查和识别现有水库运行中存在的环境问题,以“修复现有问题,持续改善生态环境”为原则,提出工程扩建的环境要求和环境问题解决思路。

城市轨道交通规划环境影响评价指标体系研究——以南宁地铁6号线为例

为解决城市轨道交通建设带来的城市环境方面的负担,分析城市轨道交通产生的环境影响因素,确定环境影响因子。以南宁地铁6号线为例,运用公众参与法筛选出具体指标,建立城市轨道交通规划环境影响评价指标体系层次模型。通过层次分析法确定指标体系权重,最后得出城市轨道交通规划环境影响综合论证结果,为城市轨道交通规划建设提供理论依据。

环境影响评价有效性的评估研究

选取上海市1991～2000年间完成的36本环境影响报告书,用环境影响评价(EIA)启动时间、替代方案分析、累积影响分析、公众参与、后期环境监测管理计划、清洁生产分析6个指标构建EIA有效性评估体系,评估了过去10年来的上海市EIA有效性.评估结果表明,EIA政策体系存在一定缺陷,对一些EIA法规条例的执行不够严格;EIA导则中的一些技术方法的规范性不强,应用中的差别性较大;EIA中各行为主体的协调性不高,EIA工作的管理运作过程不够通畅.最后提出了改进EIA有效性的建议.

曹妃甸围填海工程的环境影响回顾性评价

围填海回顾性评价是一项涉及面广、内容复杂的分析评价工作。要做出准确、科学的评价,就必须有一套科学的后评价方法和指标体系,评价出项目实际目标与可行性研究阶段预测情况的偏离度,从而比较客观地做出评判。文章建立了围填海工程的海洋生态环境影响回顾性评价指标体系、评价标准与评价方法,并综合运用层次分析法对曹妃甸围填海工程的海洋生态、水动力环境、水质环境和底质环境影响进行回顾性综合评价。该方法克服了传统定性评价的主观性缺点,从而得出比较客观、科学的评价结果,为衡量和分析曹妃甸围填海工程对海洋环境的累积影响及后期围填海工程的环境管理与决策提供了依据。