GIS-and RS-based spatial decision support:structure of a spatial environmental information system(SEIS)

The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management,e.g.forest and agroecosystem management,biodiversity conservation,or hydrological planning,started in the 1980s and was the focus of many research groups in the 1990s.The combined availability of spatial data and communication,computing,positioning,geographic information system(GIS)-and remote sensing(RS)-technologies has been responsible for the implementation of complex SDSS since the late 1990s.The regional GIS-based modelling of environmental resources,and therefore ecosystems in general,requires setting-up an extensive geo and model database.Spatial data on topography,soil,climate,land use,hydrology,flora,fauna and anthropogenic activities have to be available.Therefore,GIS-and RS-technologies are of central importance for spatial data handling and analysis.In this context,the structure of spatial environmental information systems(SEIS)is introduced.In SEIS,the input data for environmental resource management are organised in at least seven subinformation systems:base geodata information system(BGDIS),climate information system(CIS),soil information system(SIS),land use information system(LUIS),hydrological information system(HIS),spatial/temporal biodiversity information system(STBIS),forest/agricultural management information system(FAMIS).The major tasks of a SEIS are to(i)provide environmental resource information on a regional level,(ii)analyse the impact of anthropogenic activities and(iii)simulate scenarios of different impacts.

Angular Distribution of Element Contents in Tree Rings and the Environmental Information

Element contents of tree rings and soils near tree roots collected from Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) and Masson pine (Picks massoniana lamb.) were determined to study the relationship between the angular distribution of element contents in tree rings and the environmental information. The chemical composition and properties of soils are very much complicated, which leads to the non-uniform distribution of the element contents in tree rings. The statistical multi-variable regression method was used to got the information of the tree-centered distribution of element contents in the environment (soil) (C’), C’(z, θj ), from the distribution of element contents in tree rings (C), C(Z, θi), which depends on the plane azimuth angle (θi), i. e., C=C(Z,θi), where Z is the atomic number of the element, with a satisfactory result,though this study is only a primary one.

Recent Progress of Marine Geographic Information System in China:A Review for 2006-2010

In this article,the progress of marine geographic information system(MGIS) in China during 2006?2010 is reviewed with emphases on generic MGIS,advanced MGIS and MGIS-based applications.Generic MGIS can be divided into two categories:data-oriented MGIS and user-oriented MGIS,recent achievements of which by Chinese researchers are summarized respectively.Advanced MGIS mainly involves the establishment of 3D virtual marine environment and 'Digital Ocean'.An overview of the 3D MGIS based simulations in the context of ocean phenomena,ocean engineering and ocean battlefield is also presented.Several sug-gestions for future development of MGIS in China are proposed,and trends of development are addressed.

Empirical Research on Factors Influencing Level of Environmental Protection Information Disclosure in Annual Reportsby Listed Companies

Taking 248 A-share manufacturing listed companies in 2006 Shanghai Stock Exchange as example, using "index method" to measure level of environmental protection infor-mation disclosure, this paper examines the factors influencing level of environmental protection information disclosure. The findings show that the disclosure level has improved, but the overall level is still low and unable to satisfy information users; there is positive correlation between corporate size, industry type, accounting firm's type and corporate environmental dis-closure index. The companies of large scale and heavy pollu-tion and those audited by international "Big 4" and domestic "Big 10" accounting firms have a high level of environmental disclosure, while the profitability and financial leverage has no impact on the disclosure level. Finally some suggestions are put forward to establish environmental information disclosure sys-tem in China.

Design and Realization of Baiyangdian Water Environment Information System Based on ArcGIS Engine

For the need to protect the eco-environment and to strengthen environmental management in Lake Baiyangdian, water environment information aimed to get the water quality information more convenient and more intuitionistic was of significance. Based on massive monitoring data of Lake Baiyangdian and the important advantage of spatial analysis functions of GIS （geographical information system）, a system of B-WEIS （Baiyangdian water environment information system） was designed in the work. Component GIS of ArcEngine 9.3 GIS, combined with GIS and component technology, was used to research and develop the proposed system. This system realized different functions of management, data query, statistic analysis and visualization query to the Lake Baiyangdian water monitoring results. It also integrated with professional water quality model to realize evaluation of water quality and calculation of environmental capacity function. The designed system contributed to expand the management on Lake Baiyangdian more professional and available.

Environmental Information Statement for Home Appliances at Online Stores in Japan

This study aims to identify the current situation and problems of environmental information statement for major four home appliances （refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and television receivers） sold at online stores in Japan, and then to suggest how to improve the situation, through a questionnaire survey conducted among businesses that operate online stores and online malls with multiple online stores. The findings of this study are summarized into the following two points： （l） It is found out that environmental information statement for the home appliances at online stores has four problems： （i） less information on ＂three Rs （reduce, reuse and recycle）＂ and ＂chemical substances＂ than the one on ＂energy conservation＂; （ii） cost for providing environmental information statement; （iii） issues associated with a label and mark placement; （iv） issues associated with energy conservation statement. （2） Improvements are suggested for each of the four problems listed above, and shown are （i） the effectiveness of, and need to promote, a label and mark placement; （ii） cost burden on buyers; （iii） need of active efforts made by businesses and of dissemination of legal regulations to businesses.

Environmental Accounting in the Context of Environmental Information： Case Study of a Reforestation Company in Campo Belo do Sul City, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

In Brazil, environmental accounting is inserted in a set of emerging matters, which are arousing great interest among researchers. One of the important points regarding the environmental issue is how to develop tools in order to analyze and manage the natural resources in a balanced way. However, in the literature there are no studies that made use of a knowledge-based approach to implement environmental accounting in organizations. This work aims to examine how environmental accounting can contribute to the knowledge creation in organizations. It held an exploratory, descriptive study and a research-action. The methodological procedures held were： literature review and development of a research-action in a forest enterprise between October 2008 and January 2011. During the interviews, the creation and change of routines and activities was pointed out, such as classification of expenditures schedules, creation of new accounts and new knowledge which help the planning and decision-making process in the organization. This work has an original character due to the practical application within an organization, in which there is a longitudinal follow up for a period of two years and three months, showing the results obtained through interviews with people involved in this process of implementing environmental accounting.

Exploring the Vietnamese Environment Accounting With an Introduction About the Green Accounting Information System

Environment is one of the significant factors to the people and our life, because it is fundamentally joined to everything we require for human beings to subsist. Many fields in the society are influenced by the environment. For these reasons, the Vietnamese government issued the Law on Environmental Protection Tax in 2010 to prove this essential matter. Therefore, the organizations have utilized their tools to record the related transactions into the journals for taking an interest in the nature conditions for substantial development. Based on the accounting aspects, Vietnam has no theories about the environment accounting. Hence, this article will provide some basic information and a general picture of the green accounting information system in the environmental condition. Moreover, this paper will analyze the relationship between the environment and company＇s output by applying the environmental management system （EMS） in the accounting system. However, this paper only provides the overall contents about the environment accounting in Vietnam and this limitation will present this problem for further articles.

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an international journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing ~ith the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an intemational journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an intemational journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences,an international journal with special emphasis on scientificfindings in China,publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants onman and other forms of life.The effects may be measured with pharmacological,biochemical,pathological,and immunological techniques.The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry,transport,andfate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere,and their impact on human health andwell-being.Papers describing biochemical,pharmacological,pathological,and immunological studies ofpharmaceuticals that might facilitate the interpretation of toxic effects of environmental pollutants are also

On the Expansion and Realization of the Right to Environmental Information in Environmental Protection Supervision

As an innovation in the environmental governance system that breaks the traditional hierarchical structure,environmental protection supervision has not only played a significant role in protecting tangible environmental rights but also expanded the basic scope of the right to environmental information—part of procedural environmental rights.In the supervision of environmental protection,the objects of the right to environmental information and the subjects of the obligation to provide environmental information have been both expanded,with the focus shifting from government information to Party information and from administrative organs to Party organs.This vividly demonstrates the Communist Party of China’s concrete efforts to protect human rights in the field of the endeavor to build an ecological civilization.At present,the realization of the right to environmental information in environmental protection supervision still faces problems such as insufficient standards and norms,disordered practice and operation,and lack of liability guarantee.In this context,based on renewing relevant subjects’cognition of the right to know in environmental protection supervision,we should further improve and specify the rule for disclosing information about environmental protection supervision,rationally distribute the obligations for information disclosure in environmental protection supervision,and clarify the accountability rules for violating relevant requirements for information disclosure,so as to promote the overall development of the environmental protection supervision system while guaranteeing the realization of the right to environmental information.

Research on Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure of Listed Company under Low Carbon Economy

Since entering into the new century,domestic society develops rapidly,a variety of advanced ideas are constantly introduced into our country,the awakening of people’s ideology also makes the society develop greatly.Low carbon economy is a new economic concept,which is the need of achieving sustainable development of society,and the requirements of the times.With the development of economy,more and more domestic listed companies appear.In listed companies,there are still many problems and shortcomings in the disclosure of environmental accounting information,which need improving constantly.This paper mainly studies the problems of environmental accounting information disclosure of listed companies in low carbon economy,and puts forward some specific suggestions and measures,to promote the development of listed companies.

Quantum process discrimination with information from environment

In quantum metrology we usually extract information from the reduced probe system but ignore the information lost inevitably into the environment. However, K. Mφlmer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 040401 （2015）] showed that the information lost into the environment has an important effect on improving the successful probability of quantum process discrimination. Here we reconsider the model of a driven atom coupled to an environment and distinguish which of two candidate Hamiltonians governs the dynamics of the whole system. We mainly discuss two measurement methods, one of which obtains only the information from the reduced atom state and the other obtains the information from both the atom and its environment. Interestingly, for the two methods the optimal initial states of the atom, used to improve the successful probability of the process discrimination, are different. By comparing the two methods we find that the partial information from the environment is very useful for the discriminations.

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an international journal with special emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical. pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry, transport. and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, and immunological studies of

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an international journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an international journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life.

7G＇s Environmental Initiative through the Lens of the Technology-Organization-Environment （TOE） Framework

This qualitative research study addresses the research question of how the environmental sustainability initiative of 7G （Seventh Generation）, a product design, marketing, and distribution company in the household and personal care products, could be understood within its supply chain context using Tornatzky and Fleischer＇s TOE （Technology-Organization-Environment） framework. Content analysis, a research technique for making valid inferences from text following a set of procedures, was used and applied to secondary data materials on 7G. The findings reveal that the environmental, organizational, and technological contexts, which are key elements of the TOE framework, are useful in analyzing and comprehending the business practices and business processes adopted by 7G to pursue its sustainability initiative. Of particular interest are those business processes that were included by 7G＇s EMS （Environment Management System） and enabled by green IS （Information Systems）. Both the strengths and weaknesses of 7G＇s efforts are discussed and suggestions are presented for modifying certain phases of the systems development life cycle methodology when implementing green IS.