Over the last two decades,several epi-drugs,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and adoptive cell therapies have received clinical approval for use in certain types of cancer.However,monotherapy with epi-drugs or ICIs h...Over the last two decades,several epi-drugs,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and adoptive cell therapies have received clinical approval for use in certain types of cancer.However,monotherapy with epi-drugs or ICIs has shown limited efficacy in most cancer patients.Epigenetic agents have been shown to regulate the crosstalk between the tumor and host immunity to alleviate immune evasion,suggesting that epi-drugs can potentially synergize with immunotherapy.In this review,we discuss recent insights into the rationales of incorporating epigenetic therapy into immunotherapy,called epi-immunotherapy,and focus on an update of current clinical trials in both hematological and solid malignancies.Furthermore,we outline the future challenges and strategies in the field of cancer epi-immunotherapy.展开更多
Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer and costs millions of lives per year.The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has relied on scanning techniques and serum-based markers such asα-fetoprote...Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer and costs millions of lives per year.The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has relied on scanning techniques and serum-based markers such asα-fetoprotein.These measures have limitations due to their detection limits and asymptomatic conditions during the early stages,resulting in late-stage cancer diagnosis where targeted chemotherapy or systemic treatment with sorafenib is offered.However,the aid of conventional therapy for patients in the advanced stage of HCC has limited outcomes.Thus,it is essential to seek a new treatment strategy and improve the diagnostic techniques to manage the disease.Researchers have used the omics profile of HCC patients for sub-classification of tissues into different groups,which has helped us with prognosis.Despite these efforts,a promising target for treatment has not been identified.The hurdle in this situation is genetic and epigenetic variations in the tumor,leading to disparities in response to treatment.Understanding reversible epigenetic changes along with clinical traits help to define new markers for patient categorization and design personalized therapy.Many clinical trials of inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers(also known as epi-drugs)are in progress.Epi-drugs like azacytidine or belinostat are already approved for other cancer treatments.Furthermore,epigenetic changes have also been observed in drug-resistant HCC tumors.In such cases,combinatorial treatment of epi-drugs with systemic therapy or trans-arterial chemoembolization might re-sensitize resistant cells.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81830006,82170219,81830004,81800188the Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Number:2021C03117the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China,Grant/Award Number:LY21H080005。
文摘Over the last two decades,several epi-drugs,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and adoptive cell therapies have received clinical approval for use in certain types of cancer.However,monotherapy with epi-drugs or ICIs has shown limited efficacy in most cancer patients.Epigenetic agents have been shown to regulate the crosstalk between the tumor and host immunity to alleviate immune evasion,suggesting that epi-drugs can potentially synergize with immunotherapy.In this review,we discuss recent insights into the rationales of incorporating epigenetic therapy into immunotherapy,called epi-immunotherapy,and focus on an update of current clinical trials in both hematological and solid malignancies.Furthermore,we outline the future challenges and strategies in the field of cancer epi-immunotherapy.
文摘Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer and costs millions of lives per year.The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has relied on scanning techniques and serum-based markers such asα-fetoprotein.These measures have limitations due to their detection limits and asymptomatic conditions during the early stages,resulting in late-stage cancer diagnosis where targeted chemotherapy or systemic treatment with sorafenib is offered.However,the aid of conventional therapy for patients in the advanced stage of HCC has limited outcomes.Thus,it is essential to seek a new treatment strategy and improve the diagnostic techniques to manage the disease.Researchers have used the omics profile of HCC patients for sub-classification of tissues into different groups,which has helped us with prognosis.Despite these efforts,a promising target for treatment has not been identified.The hurdle in this situation is genetic and epigenetic variations in the tumor,leading to disparities in response to treatment.Understanding reversible epigenetic changes along with clinical traits help to define new markers for patient categorization and design personalized therapy.Many clinical trials of inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers(also known as epi-drugs)are in progress.Epi-drugs like azacytidine or belinostat are already approved for other cancer treatments.Furthermore,epigenetic changes have also been observed in drug-resistant HCC tumors.In such cases,combinatorial treatment of epi-drugs with systemic therapy or trans-arterial chemoembolization might re-sensitize resistant cells.
