Fungal endophytes of some cultivated grasses can increase plant performance and competitive abilities,especially under stress. Far less is known about the influence of Epichlo? infections in wild populations of wild g...Fungal endophytes of some cultivated grasses can increase plant performance and competitive abilities,especially under stress. Far less is known about the influence of Epichlo? infections in wild populations of wild grasses. In this study, plants of three Elymus dahuricus ecotypes(WLS, QY and WTS) either infected with Epichlo? endophyte(E+) or uninfected(E–) were grown in the field. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and concentrations of H_2O_2 and malondialdehyde were examined in the leaves of E+ and E– plants. We also determined photosynthesis parameters,leaf blade and sheath carbohydrate concentration and plant growth parameters of both E+ and E– plants. E+ plants from the WLS and QY populations had significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic capability(P < 0.05), superior growth characteristics including more abundant carbohydrate concentration than E– plants. In contrast, in plants from the WTS population,the endophyte had no significant effect on reactive oxygen species scavenging capability and growth performance(P > 0.05), and even displayed some negative effects on plant photosynthetic capability. Thus, endophyte infection significantly affected E. dahuricus antioxidant enzyme activities(P < 0.05), photosynthesis and growth capability,although, the effects varied with plant ecotypes.展开更多
Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated ...Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated the effects of E.gansuensis on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)and plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)-ATPase activity of Achnatherum inebrians plants under varying NaCl concentrations.Our results showed that the presence of E.gansuensis increased G6PDH,PMH^(+)-ATPase,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity to decrease O2•^(–),H_(2)O_(2)and Na^(+)contents in A.inebrians under NaCl stress,resulting in enhanced salt tolerance.In addition,the PM NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH/NADP+ratios were all lower in A.inebrians with E.ganusensis plants than A.inebrians plants without this endophyte under NaCl stress.In conclusion,E.gansuensis has a positive role in improving host grass yield under NaCl stress by enhancing the activity of G6PDH and PM H^(+)-ATPase to decrease ROS content.This provides a new way for the selection of stress-resistant and high-quality forage varieties by the use of systemic fungal endophytes.展开更多
Aims In cool-season grasses,systemic and vertically transmitted Epichloëinfections often provide a suite of benefits including increased growth,reproduction and competitive abilities.However,these effects of Epic...Aims In cool-season grasses,systemic and vertically transmitted Epichloëinfections often provide a suite of benefits including increased growth,reproduction and competitive abilities.However,these effects of Epichloëendophytes on their hosts often depend upon host and endophyte genotype and environmental factors.Methods Achnatherum robustum(sleepygrass)harbors at least two Epichloëspecies within natural populations in the southwest USA.We tested the effects of endophyte infection and species,host population and plant genotype(by experimentally removing the endophyte),and soil moisture(a key limiting factor)on growth and drought stress response of infected A.robustum plants from two populations(Weed and Cloudcroft)in the sacremento mountains of New mexico,USA).Important Findingsalthough the two populations harbor distinct Epichloëspecies each with very different chemoprofiles,neither endophyte status(infected vs.uninfected)nor endophyte species affected most growth param-eters at 8 or 25 weeks of the experiment,except for leaf length.In high water treatment,infected plants from the Weed population had longer leaf length compared with uninfected plants.In contrast,the population of origin affected all growth parameters,including plant height,leaf number,length and width,tiller number and shoot and root biomass,as well as wilting time.grasses from the Cloudcroft population generally showed greater growth than grasses from the Weed population.Endophyte infection did affect wilting time,with infection in the Weed population generally reducing time to wilting under low and high water,whereas infection in the Cloudcroft population reduced time to wilting only under high water conditions.our results suggest that plant population and their associated plant genotypes may play a much larger role in endophyte-host grass interactions in varying environments than previously thought.asexual Epichloëspecies may be compatible with only specific host genotypes within populations such that the phenotypic effects due to population may be greater than phenotypic changes influenced by variation in the endophyte.展开更多
探讨硒浓度对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养过程中菌丝体矿质营养的影响。样品经微波消解后,分别采用钼蓝比色法、四苯硼钠法、偶氮氯膦III法、邻菲罗啉比色法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法检测磷、钾、钙、铁、硒的含量。结...探讨硒浓度对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养过程中菌丝体矿质营养的影响。样品经微波消解后,分别采用钼蓝比色法、四苯硼钠法、偶氮氯膦III法、邻菲罗啉比色法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法检测磷、钾、钙、铁、硒的含量。结果表明:硒浓度和培养时间对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.菌丝体磷、钙、硒含量的影响达到显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001)。当添加硒浓度0.2~0.4 mmol/L时,菌丝体钾含量在不同培养时间之间存在显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001);而硒浓度0.1~0.3 mmol/L时,菌丝体铁含量在不同培养时间之间存在显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001)。当培养4周~6周时,适宜的硒浓度提高菌丝体磷、钾、铁和钙含量;菌丝体中硒含量随着添加硒浓度的量而显著增加(P 【0.05),随着培养时间的延长其变化呈现升降。适宜的亚硒酸钠能提高中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养菌丝体吸收矿质营养。展开更多
基金supported financially by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB138702)
文摘Fungal endophytes of some cultivated grasses can increase plant performance and competitive abilities,especially under stress. Far less is known about the influence of Epichlo? infections in wild populations of wild grasses. In this study, plants of three Elymus dahuricus ecotypes(WLS, QY and WTS) either infected with Epichlo? endophyte(E+) or uninfected(E–) were grown in the field. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and concentrations of H_2O_2 and malondialdehyde were examined in the leaves of E+ and E– plants. We also determined photosynthesis parameters,leaf blade and sheath carbohydrate concentration and plant growth parameters of both E+ and E– plants. E+ plants from the WLS and QY populations had significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic capability(P < 0.05), superior growth characteristics including more abundant carbohydrate concentration than E– plants. In contrast, in plants from the WTS population,the endophyte had no significant effect on reactive oxygen species scavenging capability and growth performance(P > 0.05), and even displayed some negative effects on plant photosynthetic capability. Thus, endophyte infection significantly affected E. dahuricus antioxidant enzyme activities(P < 0.05), photosynthesis and growth capability,although, the effects varied with plant ecotypes.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138702)the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province(U1812401)+4 种基金Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_17R50)Lanzhou University“Double First-Class”guiding special project-team construction fund-scientific research start-up fee standard(561119206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901378)Guizhou Education Department Program(Qianjiaohe-KY-2018-130)Major Science and Technology Sub-project of Guizhou Science and Technology Program(Qiankehe-2019-3001-2).
文摘Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated the effects of E.gansuensis on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)and plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)-ATPase activity of Achnatherum inebrians plants under varying NaCl concentrations.Our results showed that the presence of E.gansuensis increased G6PDH,PMH^(+)-ATPase,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity to decrease O2•^(–),H_(2)O_(2)and Na^(+)contents in A.inebrians under NaCl stress,resulting in enhanced salt tolerance.In addition,the PM NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH/NADP+ratios were all lower in A.inebrians with E.ganusensis plants than A.inebrians plants without this endophyte under NaCl stress.In conclusion,E.gansuensis has a positive role in improving host grass yield under NaCl stress by enhancing the activity of G6PDH and PM H^(+)-ATPase to decrease ROS content.This provides a new way for the selection of stress-resistant and high-quality forage varieties by the use of systemic fungal endophytes.
基金National Science Foundation(DEB 0917741 to S.H.F.).
文摘Aims In cool-season grasses,systemic and vertically transmitted Epichloëinfections often provide a suite of benefits including increased growth,reproduction and competitive abilities.However,these effects of Epichloëendophytes on their hosts often depend upon host and endophyte genotype and environmental factors.Methods Achnatherum robustum(sleepygrass)harbors at least two Epichloëspecies within natural populations in the southwest USA.We tested the effects of endophyte infection and species,host population and plant genotype(by experimentally removing the endophyte),and soil moisture(a key limiting factor)on growth and drought stress response of infected A.robustum plants from two populations(Weed and Cloudcroft)in the sacremento mountains of New mexico,USA).Important Findingsalthough the two populations harbor distinct Epichloëspecies each with very different chemoprofiles,neither endophyte status(infected vs.uninfected)nor endophyte species affected most growth param-eters at 8 or 25 weeks of the experiment,except for leaf length.In high water treatment,infected plants from the Weed population had longer leaf length compared with uninfected plants.In contrast,the population of origin affected all growth parameters,including plant height,leaf number,length and width,tiller number and shoot and root biomass,as well as wilting time.grasses from the Cloudcroft population generally showed greater growth than grasses from the Weed population.Endophyte infection did affect wilting time,with infection in the Weed population generally reducing time to wilting under low and high water,whereas infection in the Cloudcroft population reduced time to wilting only under high water conditions.our results suggest that plant population and their associated plant genotypes may play a much larger role in endophyte-host grass interactions in varying environments than previously thought.asexual Epichloëspecies may be compatible with only specific host genotypes within populations such that the phenotypic effects due to population may be greater than phenotypic changes influenced by variation in the endophyte.
文摘探讨硒浓度对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养过程中菌丝体矿质营养的影响。样品经微波消解后,分别采用钼蓝比色法、四苯硼钠法、偶氮氯膦III法、邻菲罗啉比色法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法检测磷、钾、钙、铁、硒的含量。结果表明:硒浓度和培养时间对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.菌丝体磷、钙、硒含量的影响达到显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001)。当添加硒浓度0.2~0.4 mmol/L时,菌丝体钾含量在不同培养时间之间存在显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001);而硒浓度0.1~0.3 mmol/L时,菌丝体铁含量在不同培养时间之间存在显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001)。当培养4周~6周时,适宜的硒浓度提高菌丝体磷、钾、铁和钙含量;菌丝体中硒含量随着添加硒浓度的量而显著增加(P 【0.05),随着培养时间的延长其变化呈现升降。适宜的亚硒酸钠能提高中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养菌丝体吸收矿质营养。
