Background:Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky),commonly known as Asian longhorned beetle(ALB),is a wood-boring insect that can cause lethal infestation to multiple borer leaf trees.In Gansu Province,northwest China,...Background:Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky),commonly known as Asian longhorned beetle(ALB),is a wood-boring insect that can cause lethal infestation to multiple borer leaf trees.In Gansu Province,northwest China,ALB has caused a large number of deaths of a local tree species Populus gansuensis.The damaged area belongs to Gobi desert where every single tree is artificially planted and is extremely difficult to cultivate.Therefore,the monitoring of the ALB infestation at the individual tree level in the landscape is necessary.Moreover,the determination of an abnormal phenotype that can be obtained directly from remote-sensing images to predict the damage degree can greatly reduce the cost of field investigation and management.Methods:Multispectral WorldView-2(WV-2)images and 5 tree physiological factors were collected as experimental materials.One-way ANOVA of the tree’s physiological factors helped in determining the phenotype to predict damage degrees.The original bands of WV-2 and derived vegetation indices were used as reference data to construct the dataset of a prediction model.Variance inflation factor and stepwise regression analyses were used to eliminate collinearity and redundancy.Finally,three machine learning algorithms,i.e.,Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Classification And Regression Tree(CART),were applied and compared to find the best classifier for predicting the damage stage of individual P.gansuensis.Results:The confusion matrix of RF achieved the highest overall classification accuracy(86.2%)and the highest Kappa index value(0.804),indicating the potential of using WV-2 imaging to accurately detect damage stages of individual trees.In addition,the canopy color was found to be positively correlated with P.gansuensis’damage stages.Conclusions:A novel method was developed by combining WV-2 and tree physiological index for semi-automatic classification of three damage stages of P.gansuensis infested with ALB.The canopy color was determined as an abnormal phenotype that could be directly assessed using remote-sensing images at the tree level to predict the damage degree.These tools are highly applicable for driving quick and effective measures to reduce damage to pure poplar forests in Gansu Province,China.展开更多
探讨硒浓度对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养过程中菌丝体矿质营养的影响。样品经微波消解后,分别采用钼蓝比色法、四苯硼钠法、偶氮氯膦III法、邻菲罗啉比色法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法检测磷、钾、钙、铁、硒的含量。结...探讨硒浓度对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养过程中菌丝体矿质营养的影响。样品经微波消解后,分别采用钼蓝比色法、四苯硼钠法、偶氮氯膦III法、邻菲罗啉比色法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法检测磷、钾、钙、铁、硒的含量。结果表明:硒浓度和培养时间对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.菌丝体磷、钙、硒含量的影响达到显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001)。当添加硒浓度0.2~0.4 mmol/L时,菌丝体钾含量在不同培养时间之间存在显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001);而硒浓度0.1~0.3 mmol/L时,菌丝体铁含量在不同培养时间之间存在显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001)。当培养4周~6周时,适宜的硒浓度提高菌丝体磷、钾、铁和钙含量;菌丝体中硒含量随着添加硒浓度的量而显著增加(P 【0.05),随着培养时间的延长其变化呈现升降。适宜的亚硒酸钠能提高中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养菌丝体吸收矿质营养。展开更多
Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated ...Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated the effects of E.gansuensis on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)and plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)-ATPase activity of Achnatherum inebrians plants under varying NaCl concentrations.Our results showed that the presence of E.gansuensis increased G6PDH,PMH^(+)-ATPase,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity to decrease O2•^(–),H_(2)O_(2)and Na^(+)contents in A.inebrians under NaCl stress,resulting in enhanced salt tolerance.In addition,the PM NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH/NADP+ratios were all lower in A.inebrians with E.ganusensis plants than A.inebrians plants without this endophyte under NaCl stress.In conclusion,E.gansuensis has a positive role in improving host grass yield under NaCl stress by enhancing the activity of G6PDH and PM H^(+)-ATPase to decrease ROS content.This provides a new way for the selection of stress-resistant and high-quality forage varieties by the use of systemic fungal endophytes.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China“Research on key technologies for prevention and control of major disasters in plantation”(Grant No.2018YFD0600200)Beijing’s Science and Technology Planning Project“Key technologies for prevention and control of major pests in Beijing ecological public welfare forests”(Grant Nos.Z191100008519004 and Z201100008020001).
文摘Background:Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky),commonly known as Asian longhorned beetle(ALB),is a wood-boring insect that can cause lethal infestation to multiple borer leaf trees.In Gansu Province,northwest China,ALB has caused a large number of deaths of a local tree species Populus gansuensis.The damaged area belongs to Gobi desert where every single tree is artificially planted and is extremely difficult to cultivate.Therefore,the monitoring of the ALB infestation at the individual tree level in the landscape is necessary.Moreover,the determination of an abnormal phenotype that can be obtained directly from remote-sensing images to predict the damage degree can greatly reduce the cost of field investigation and management.Methods:Multispectral WorldView-2(WV-2)images and 5 tree physiological factors were collected as experimental materials.One-way ANOVA of the tree’s physiological factors helped in determining the phenotype to predict damage degrees.The original bands of WV-2 and derived vegetation indices were used as reference data to construct the dataset of a prediction model.Variance inflation factor and stepwise regression analyses were used to eliminate collinearity and redundancy.Finally,three machine learning algorithms,i.e.,Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Classification And Regression Tree(CART),were applied and compared to find the best classifier for predicting the damage stage of individual P.gansuensis.Results:The confusion matrix of RF achieved the highest overall classification accuracy(86.2%)and the highest Kappa index value(0.804),indicating the potential of using WV-2 imaging to accurately detect damage stages of individual trees.In addition,the canopy color was found to be positively correlated with P.gansuensis’damage stages.Conclusions:A novel method was developed by combining WV-2 and tree physiological index for semi-automatic classification of three damage stages of P.gansuensis infested with ALB.The canopy color was determined as an abnormal phenotype that could be directly assessed using remote-sensing images at the tree level to predict the damage degree.These tools are highly applicable for driving quick and effective measures to reduce damage to pure poplar forests in Gansu Province,China.
文摘探讨硒浓度对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养过程中菌丝体矿质营养的影响。样品经微波消解后,分别采用钼蓝比色法、四苯硼钠法、偶氮氯膦III法、邻菲罗啉比色法、氢化物原子荧光光谱法检测磷、钾、钙、铁、硒的含量。结果表明:硒浓度和培养时间对中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.菌丝体磷、钙、硒含量的影响达到显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001)。当添加硒浓度0.2~0.4 mmol/L时,菌丝体钾含量在不同培养时间之间存在显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001);而硒浓度0.1~0.3 mmol/L时,菌丝体铁含量在不同培养时间之间存在显著或极显著水平(P 【0.05, P 【0.001)。当培养4周~6周时,适宜的硒浓度提高菌丝体磷、钾、铁和钙含量;菌丝体中硒含量随着添加硒浓度的量而显著增加(P 【0.05),随着培养时间的延长其变化呈现升降。适宜的亚硒酸钠能提高中华羊茅内生真菌Epichloësp.固体培养菌丝体吸收矿质营养。
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138702)the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province(U1812401)+4 种基金Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_17R50)Lanzhou University“Double First-Class”guiding special project-team construction fund-scientific research start-up fee standard(561119206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901378)Guizhou Education Department Program(Qianjiaohe-KY-2018-130)Major Science and Technology Sub-project of Guizhou Science and Technology Program(Qiankehe-2019-3001-2).
文摘Salt stress negatively affects plant growth,and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species,Achnatherum inebrians,to abiotic stresses.In this work,we first evaluated the effects of E.gansuensis on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)and plasma membrane(PM)H^(+)-ATPase activity of Achnatherum inebrians plants under varying NaCl concentrations.Our results showed that the presence of E.gansuensis increased G6PDH,PMH^(+)-ATPase,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity to decrease O2•^(–),H_(2)O_(2)and Na^(+)contents in A.inebrians under NaCl stress,resulting in enhanced salt tolerance.In addition,the PM NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH/NADP+ratios were all lower in A.inebrians with E.ganusensis plants than A.inebrians plants without this endophyte under NaCl stress.In conclusion,E.gansuensis has a positive role in improving host grass yield under NaCl stress by enhancing the activity of G6PDH and PM H^(+)-ATPase to decrease ROS content.This provides a new way for the selection of stress-resistant and high-quality forage varieties by the use of systemic fungal endophytes.
