The characteristics and implications of epidemic reports during COVID-19 in the United States

We summarized the basic practices and characteristics of epidemic reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of epidemic data reporting,we put forward some suggestions that should be used for reference and thus improve the epidemic data reports of infectious diseases.

Optimal design of culling compensation policy under the African swine fever——Based on simulations of typical pig farms in China

This paper aims to optimize the culling compensation policy from a micro perspective through scenario simulation.Based on an investigation of 273 pig farms in eight regions,four typical pig farms were constructed according to farm size and breeding mode,representing the swine producers in China.Besides,a decision objective function of pig farms facing suspected African swine fever(ASF)outbreaks was constructed.This study used a mathematical programming model to design and simulate scenarios based on compensation standards and local implementation levels,aiming to incentivize pig farms to report epidemics.The results show that the optimal decisions on epidemic reports differed among typical farms and by herd daily age.The results suggest the following adjustments for optimizing culling compensation policies:(1)to set culling compensation standards based on the market value and(2)to maintain a high level of epidemic surveillance capability in the animal husbandry and veterinary sector.

重大公共卫生事件中疫情报告和发布制度之检视与完善

在应对重大公共卫生事件过程中,疫情报告和发布制度是否完善直接关系到疫情防控和处置的成效。现行疫情报告和发布制度散见于有关法律、行政法规、地方性法规、部门规章、政府规章、规范性文件以及有关应急预案中。经梳理,现行疫情报告制度和发布制度存在一些共性问题,包括制度功能定位不够清晰、缺乏针对新发传染病的具体规定、未充分体现科技赋能等。同时,也存在一些个性问题,比如在疫情报告制度方面、落实疫情报告主体责任的工作机制有待健全、疫情网络直报缺乏法律的刚性约束、缺乏疫情报告的“吹哨人”制度等。在疫情发布制度方面,地方政府在传染病暴发、流行时的疫情发布职责不够明确,疫情发布的信息范围不够明确具体,对疫情信息的辟谣机制缺乏制度性规定等。在检视上述问题的基础上,有针对性地提出相应的对策建议。