Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive breast cancer

The body of evidence investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)directed therapy in patients with breast cancer(BC)has been growing within the last decade.Recently,the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has been of particular interest in the treatment of human malignancies.This literature commentary is intended to highlight the most recent findings associated with the widely-studied TKI agents and their clinical significance in improving the outcomes of HER2 positive BC.

New era of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for lung cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death globally, besides recent advances in its management; it maintains a low 5-year survival rate of 15%. The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) activating mutations and the introduction of its tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs) have expanded the treatment options for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Nowadays, EGFR mutation testing is now a common routine for newly diagnosed lung cancer. First generation TKIs developed, erlotinib and gefitinib, were reversible ones. After a median of 14 mo, eventually all EGFR mutated patients develop resistance to reversible TKIs. Afatinib, dacomitinib and neratinib, second generation inhibitors, are selective and irreversible TKIs. Finally, third generation phase Ⅰclinical trials were performed, with lower toxicity profiles, and targeting with more precision the driving clone of this heterogeneous disease.

Research progress in the use of combinations of platinum-based chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors

In the past decade,the advent of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)has dramatically influenced the therapeutic strategies for treating lung cancer,but with tumor progression and drug resistance,patients will ultimately develop reduced sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs.How can we delay the emergence of drug resistance? What is the next strategy after drug resistance? How to reasonably combine platinum-based chemotherapy and EGFR-TKIs? These questions are currently the focus of lung cancer research.Clinical studies have reported that platinum-based chemotherapy can increase the sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs.However,results of pre-clinical and clinical studies have been inconsistent.The mechanisms of platinum chemotherapy and EGFR-TKIs are still unknown due to the lack of systematic research.Therefore,systematic studies are required to show the mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy agents and define the markers sensitive to their combinations when given concurrently or sequentially.

Therapeutic Effect of First-line Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)Combined with Whole Brain Radiotherapy on Patients with EGFR Mutation-positive Lung Adenocarcinoma and Brain Metastases

This study compared the therapeutic effect of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)with that of EGFR-TKI plus whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)on patients with EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases.A total of 139 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases treated with first-line EGFR-TK1therapy from September 2008 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study.The study endpoints were intracranial time to progression(TTP)and overall survival(OS).The effects of clinical pathological parameters and EGFR gene status on the study endpoints were compared.The results showed that the intracranial TTP was significantly longer in EGFR-TKI plus WBRT group than in EGFR-TKI group (median 30.0 vs.18.2 months,χ2=10.824,P=0.001),but no significant difference in the OS was noted between the two groups (median 48.0 vs.41.1 months,χ2=0.012, P=0.912).Also,there was no statistically significant difference in the OS between patients treated with early and late radiotherapy (P=0.849)and between those with asymptomatic and those with symptomatic intracranial metastases (P=0.189).The OS and intracranial TTP of patients with intracranial oligometastases (≤3metastatic sites)were not significantly different from those of patients with multiple intracranial metastases (P=0.104 and P=0.357,respectively),and exon 19 and exon 21 mutations didn't show significant effects on the OS and intracranial TTP of patients (P=0.418 and P=0.386,respectively).In conclusion,there was no statistically significant difference in the OS between the EGFR-TKI alone group and EGFR-TK1 plus WBRT group.However, simultaneous use of WBRT was found to significantly prolong intracranial TTP and improve cerebral symptoms,and thus EGFR-TKI and WBRT combined may be clinically beneficial for patients with EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer

First-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs), including gefitinib and erlotinib, have proven to be highly effective agents for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in patients harboring an activating EGFR mutation such as the exon 19 deletion mutation and L858 R. Although those reversible small molecular targeted agents provide a significant response and survival benefit, all responders eventually acquire resistance. Secondgeneration EGFR-targeting agents, such as irreversible EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors and pan-HER TKIs, may improve survival further and be useful for patients who acquired resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. This review discusses novel therapeutic strategies for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC using first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs.

Is there a role for epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in epidermal growth factor receptor wildtype non-small cell lung cancer?

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with a world-wide annual incidence of around 1.3 million. The majority of patients arediagnosed with advanced disease and survival remains poor. However, relevant advances have occurred in recent years through the identification of biomarkers that predict for benefit of therapeutic agents. This is exemplified by the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of EGFR mutant patients. These drugs have also shown efficacy in unselected populations but this point remains controversial. Here we have reviewed the clinical data that demonstrate a small but consistent subgroup of EGFR wild-type patients with NSCLC that obtain a clinical benefit from these drugs. Moreover, we review the biological rationale that may explain this benefit observed in the clinical setting.

Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR 19-del Mutation Transformed into SCC after EGFR-tyrosine Kinase inhibitors Treatment:A Case report

BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)significantly improve the survival of patients with Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)sensitive mutations in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female patient in advanced lung adenocarcinoma suffered from drug resistance after EGFR-TKIs treatment.Secondary pathological tissue biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)transformation.Patients inevitably encountered drug resistance issues after receiving EGFR-TKIs treatment for a certain period of time,while EGFR-TKIs can significantly improve the survival of patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations in NSCLC.Notably,EGFR-TKIs resistance includes primary and acquired.Pathological transformation is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance in EGFR-TKIs,with SCC transformation being relatively rare.Our results provide more detailed results of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process on SCC transformation after EGFR-TKIs treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Squamous cell carcinoma transformation is one of the acquired resistance mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations.

Advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR 19-del mutation transforms into squamous cell carcinoma after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment

In this editorial we comment on the article by Ji et al.We focus specifically on the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)treatment and the development of drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs.

Coexistence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement in lung adenocarcinoma harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor mutation:A single-center study

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidences confirm that epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)rearrangement have coexisted in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).However,Its biological mechanism,clinicopathological features,and optimization of targeted drugs have not yet been completely elucidated.AIM To explore the clinical profile of LUAD patients with co-mutations of EGFR and ALK genes,with hopes of scientifically guiding similar patients towards selected,targeted drugs.METHODS Two hundred and thirty-seven LUAD patients were enrolled.EGFR mutations were detected by the amplification refractory mutation system-peptide nucleic acid technique,while the expression of ALK rearrangement was screened by the 5′/3′imbalance strategy for reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.The clinicopathological features of these patients were analysed retrospectively,and the follow-up data were collected.RESULTS There were six cases with co-mutations of EGFR and ALK genes,which were more common in women,non-smoking and stage IV LUAD patients with bone metastasis,hence a positive rate of 2.53%(6/237).EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)were their preferred drugs for targeted therapy in these patients,with progression-free survival ranging from two months to six months.CONCLUSION In Gannan region,the positive rate of co-mutations of EGFR and ALK genes in LUAD patients is relatively high,and the co-mutations are more common in women,non-smoking and stage IV patients with bone metastasis.These patients prefer EGFR-TKIs as their preferred targeted drugs,but the therapeutic effect is not good.EGFR/ALK dual-TKIs may be more effective targeted drugs,which needs further study.

Repurposed anti-cancer epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: mechanisms of neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease

Numerous molecular mechanisms are being examined in an attempt to discover disease-modifying drugs to slow down the underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors on the enhancement of behavioral and pathological sequelae in Alzheimer’s disease.Despite the promising effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease,there is no irrefutable neuroprotective evidence in well-established animal models using epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors due to many un-explored downstream signaling pathways.This caused controversy about the potential involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in any prospective clinical trial.In this review,the mystery beyond the under-investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor in Alzheimer’s disease will be discussed.Furthermore,their molecular mechanisms in neurodegeneration will be explained.Also,we will shed light on SARS-COVID-19 induced neurological manifestations mediated by epidermal growth factor modulation.Finally,we will discuss future perspectives and under-examined epidermal growth factor receptor downstream signaling pathways that warrant more exploration.We conclude that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are novel effective therapeutic approaches that require further research in attempts to be repositioned in the delay of Alzheimer’s disease progression.

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in colorectal cancer treatment: What's new?

Colorectal cancer constitutes one of the most common malignancies and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the western world representing one million new cases and half a million deaths annually worldwide. The treatment of patients with metastatic colon cancer comprises different regimens of chemotherapeutic compounds （fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan and oxaliplatin） and new targeted therapies. Interestingly, most recent trials that attempt to expose patients to all five-drug classes （fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, bevacizumab and cetuximab） achieve an overall survival well over 2 years. In this review we will focus on the main epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors demonstrating clinical benefit for colorectal cancer mainly cetuximab, panitumumab, erlotinib and gefltinib. We will also describe briefly the molecular steps that lie beneath them and the different clinical or molecular mechanisms that are reported for resistance and response.

Associations Between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation and Serum Tumor Markers in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinomas: A Retrospective Study

Objective To investigate the associations between epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） gene mutations and serum tumor markers in advanced lung adenocarcinomas. Methods We investigated the association between EGFR gene mutations and clinical features, including serum tumor marker levels, in 97 advanced lung adenocarcinomas patients who did not undergo the treatment of EGlaR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. EGFR gene mutation was detected by real-time PCR at exons 18, 19, 20, and 21. Serum tumor marker concentrations were analyzed by chemiluminescence assay kit at the same time. Results EGFR gene mutations were detected in 42 （43%） advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Gender （P=0.003）, smoking status （P=0.001）, and abnormal serum status of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA, P=0.028） were significantly associated with EGFR gene mutation incidence. Multivariate analysis showed the abnormal CEA level in serum was independently associated with the incidence of EGFR gene mutation （P=0.046） with an odds ratio of 2.613 （95% Ch 1.018-6.710）. However, receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis revealed CEA was not an ideal predictive marker for EGFR gene mutation status in advanced lung adenocarcinoma （the area under the ROC curve was 0.608, P=0.069）. Conclusions EGFR gene mutation status is significantly associated with serum CEA status in advanced lung adenocarcinmoas. However, serum CEA is not an ideal predictor for EGFR mutation.

Recent advances and new insights in the management of early-stage epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer

Patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are candidates for curative surgery;however,despite multiple advances in lung cancer management,recurrence rates remain high.Adjuvant chemotherapy has been demonstrated to significantly prolong overall survival(OS),but this benefit is modest and there is an urgent need for effective new therapies to provide a cure for more patients.The high efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)against epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated(EGFR)in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC has led to the evaluation of these agents in early stages of the disease.Multiple clinical trials have evaluated the safety and efficacy of EGFR TKIs as an adjuvant treatment,in patients with resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC,and shown that they significantly prolong disease-free survival(DFS),but this benefit does not translate to OS.Recently,an interim analysis of the ADAURA trial demonstrated that,surprisingly,osimertinib improved DFS.This led to the study being stopped early,leaving many unanswered questions about its potential effect on OS and its incorporation as a standard adjuvant treatment in this patient subgroup.These targeted agents are also being evaluated in locally-advanced disease,with promising results,although prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.In this article,we review the most relevant studies on the role of EGFR TKIs in the management of early-stage EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Current progress and outcomes of clinical trials on using epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and brain metastases are the major cause of death in NSCLC patients. With recent advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of NSCLC development and progression, mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been recognized as a key predictor of therapeutic sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Using EGFR-TKI alone or in combination with standard treatments such as whole-brain radiotherapy and surgery has been an effective strategy for the management of brain metastasis. Particularly, a newer generation of EGFR-TKIs, including osimertinib and AZD3759, has been developed. These new EGFR-TKIs can cross the blood-brain barrier and potentially treat EGFR-TKI resistance and improve prognosis. In this article,current progress and outcomes of clinical trials on the use of EGFR-TKIs for treating NSCLC patients with brain metastasis will be reviewed.

Clinical Benefit of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Radiotherapy for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis on Real World Data

Objective: To investigate the benefit of epidermal growth factor receptor( EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors( TKIs)with radiotherapy in patients with EGFR mutation-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer( NSCLC),compared with TKIs alone.Methods: A total of 103 patients with stage Ⅳ EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated from February 2015 to May 2017 at Sichuan Cancer Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Fifty patients were treated with EGFR-TKIs( gefitinib or erlotinib) plus radiotherapy( the TKI +RT group) and 53 patients received EGFR-TKIs alone( the TKI group). Tumor response,survival and toxicities were compared between the two groups. Results: Median follow-up time was 11. 7 months( 2. 8-36. 3 months). The overall response rate( ORR) and disease control rate( DCR) in the TKI + RT group vs the TKI group were 62% vs 37. 7%( P = 0. 014) and 88% vs 75. 5%( P =0. 101),respectively. The median progression-free survival( PFS) and median overall survival( OS) in the TKI + RT group were superior to those of the TKI group( 18. 87 months vs 12. 80 months,P = 0. 035 and 23. 10 months vs 18. 30 months,P = 0. 011). OS rates in the TKI + RT group and the TKI group were 56. 0% vs 35. 8% at year 1( P = 0. 04) and 16. 0% vs 3. 8% at year 2( P =0. 036). Multivariate Cox model found that TKI + RT related to significantly better OS( hazard ratio = 0. 209;95% CI,0. 066 to0. 661;P = 0. 008) than TKI alone. Adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups( P > 0. 050). Conclusion:Compared with EGFR-TKIs alone,EGFR-TKIs combined with radiotherapy was well tolerated and showed benefit in tumor response and survival for EGFR mutation-positive metastatic NSCLC patients.

非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因少见突变P733L对第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI敏感性的研究

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因少见突变P733L对第1代和第3代EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)的敏感性。方法:通过四唑盐比色法和平板克隆实验分析EGFR L858R和P733L肺癌细胞对第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI的敏感性;通过Transwell实验分析第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI对EGFR L858R和P733L肺癌细胞迁移的抑制作用;通过检测凋亡蛋白分析第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI促进EGFR L858R和P733L肺癌细胞凋亡的作用。结果:第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI对EGFR L858R和P733L细胞的增殖、克隆形成和细胞迁移都有抑制作用。与EGFR野生型肺癌细胞相比,第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI处理后,EGFR L858R和P733L细胞的EGFR激酶活性受到抑制,细胞凋亡明显增加。结论:EGFR P733L突变细胞对第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI的敏感性与EGFR L858R突变细胞的敏感性相似,本研究为EGFR基因少见突变从EGFR-TKI治疗中获益提供了实验证据。

参苓白术散联合EGFR-TKIs靶向治疗非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的 参苓白术散联合人表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)靶向治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床效果。方法 将患者随机分为对照组(29例)和联合组(30例)。对照组采用EGFR-TKIs靶向治疗,联合组在对照组基础上予口服参苓白术散。治疗9周,比较2组临床疗效、中医证候积分、免疫功能指标及不良反应发生率。结果 联合组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组中医证候积分下降,联合组偏低(P<0.05);2组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比率升高,联合组偏高(P<0.05),CD8^(+)水平则降低,联合组偏低(P<0.05)。联合组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 参苓白术散联合EGFR-TKIs靶向治疗NSCLC疗效显著,可改善免疫功能,减轻不良反应。

Plasma relative abundance of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations predicts clinical response to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma

Objective To determine whether relative abundance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in plasma predicts clinical response to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods In this prospective study,adult patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled in our hospital from 1 April 2016 to 1 January 2017. EGFR mutations in tumortissues were detected by ADx-amplification refractory mutationsystem (ADx-ARMS). EGFR mutations of plasmafree tumor DNA were detected by ADx-ARMS and ADxsuperamplification refractory mutation system (ADx-SuperARMS)at the same time. Patients with EGFR-mutantin tumor tissues and receiving EGFR-TKIs were finallyenrolled. Plasma mutation-positive patients with bothmethods were high abundance group. Patients with positivemutations by ADx-SuperARMS but negative of ADx-ARMS were medium abundance group.

肺癌分子靶向治疗EGFR-TKI患者证候及中医处方用药研究进展

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)是肺癌治疗领域的里程碑,中医药与分子靶向治疗EGFR-TKI相结合是肺癌综合治疗的新模式。辨证论治是中医的特色,中医药的精准配合,可以贯穿于分子靶向治疗EGFR-TKI的全程。通过查阅、归纳及分析近年来不同专家学者对分子靶向治疗EGFR-TKI相关肺癌患者不同治疗阶段的中医证候及中医处方用药研究的文献,总结肺癌分子靶向治疗EGFR-TKI患者在不同治疗阶段的证候分布及中医处方用药特点,促使中医辨证论治更加精准,旨在进一步提高临床上中医药配合分子靶向治疗EGFR-TKI的效果。

EGFR-TKI通过cGAS-STING信号通路对肺癌小鼠放疗远隔效应的影响

目的探讨表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激活抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)通过环鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合成酶-干扰素基因刺激因子(cGAS-STING)信号通路对肺癌小鼠放疗远隔效应的影响。方法取部分对数生长期肺癌细胞(LLC1细胞)随机分为对照组和辐照组,对照组正常培养不干预,辐照组给予4 Gy的辐照量,2 Gy/min,每次辐照2 min,24 h后用实时聚合酶链反应检测细胞中cGAS-STING信号通路相关基因MB21D1、TMEM173、TBK1、IRF3、IRF5、IRF7、IFNAR1、IFNAR2、MX1、MX2、IFIT1、IFIT mRNA。将100μL对数生长期LLC1细胞悬液注射至小鼠腹股沟处皮下,制备双侧皮下荷瘤模型,将成瘤小鼠随机分为对照组、8 Gy组、EGFR-TKI组、8 Gy+EGFR-TKI组,每组3只。对照组不干预;8 Gy组给予8 Gy辐照3次,定位辐照小鼠左边瘤体;EGFR-TKI组给予EGFR-TKI灌胃1 mg/g,给药3次;8 Gy+EGFR-TKI组既进行辐照又给药干预。干预17 d后取小鼠右侧瘤体。用Western blotting法检测肿瘤组织中cGAS、STING、p-STING、Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN-1)蛋白,用免疫组化法检测肿瘤细胞增殖核抗原(ki67)及肿瘤微环境相关蛋白CD4、CD8、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、叉头状转录因子p3(Foxp3)、钙网蛋白(CRT)及主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)。结果与对照组比较,辐照组LLC1细胞MB21D1、TMEM173、TBK1、IRF3、IRF5、IFNAR1、IFNAR2、MX1、MX2、IFIT1、IFIT mRNA相对表达量高(P均<0.05),IRF7 mRNA相对表达量低(P<0.05)。干预17 d后,与对照组比较,各干预组肿瘤体积小、肿瘤重量低、ki67蛋白相对表达量低(P均<0.05),且8 Gy+EGFR-TKI组肿瘤体积、肿瘤重量、ki67蛋白相对表达量最低(P均<0.05)。与对照组比较,EGFR-TKI组cGAS、STING、p-STING、IFN-1蛋白相对表达量差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);8 Gy组STING、IFN-1蛋白相对表达量差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),cGAS、p-STING蛋白相对表达量高(P均<0.05);8 Gy+EGFR-TKI组cGAS、STING、p-STING、IFN-1蛋白相对表达量高(P均<0.05)。与8 Gy+EGFR-TKI组比较,8 Gy组和EGFR-TKI组cGAS、IFN-1、STING蛋白相对表达量低(P均<0.05)。与对照组比较,各干预组CD4、CD8、MHC蛋白相对表达量高(P均<0.05),EGFR、Foxp3、CRT蛋白相对表达量低(P均<0.05)。与8 Gy组比较,8 Gy+EGFR-TKI组CD4、CD8、MHC蛋白相对表达量高(P均<0.05),EGFR、CRT蛋白相对表达量低(P均<0.05)。与EGFR-TKI组比较,8 Gy+EGFR-TKI组CD4、CD8、MHC蛋白相对表达量高,EGFR、Foxp3、CRT蛋白相对表达量低(P均<0.05)。结论EGFR-TKI通过激活cGAS-STING信号通路改善肿瘤微环境的免疫功能,从而增强肺癌小鼠放疗远隔效应。