Formal Inferring the Law of Conservation of Energy from Assuming A-Priori-ness of Knowledge in a Formal Axiomatic Epistemology System Sigma

The research purpose is invention (construction) of a formal logical inference of the Law of Conservation of Energy within a logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology theory Sigma from a precisely defined assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. For realizing this aim, the following work has been done: 1) a two-valued algebraic system of formal axiology has been defined precisely and applied to proper-philosophy of physics, namely, to an almost unknown (not-recognized) formal-axiological aspect of the physical law of conservation of energy;2) the formal axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology theory Sigma has been defined precisely and applied to proper-physics for realizing the above-indicated purpose. Thus, a discrete mathematical model of relationship between philosophy of physics and universal epistemology united with formal axiology has been constructed. Results: 1) By accurate computing relevant compositions of evaluation-functions within the discrete mathematical model, it is demonstrated that a formal-axiological analog of the great conservation law of proper physics is a formal-axiological law of two-valued algebra of metaphysics. (A precise algorithmic definition of the unhabitual (not-well-known) notion “formal-axiological law of algebra of metaphysics” is given.) 2) The hitherto never published significantly new nontrivial scientific result of investigation presented in this article is a formal logical inference of the law of conservation of energy within the formal axiomatic theory Sigma from conjunction of the formal-axiological analog of the law of conservation of energy and the assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge.

Views of epistemology from Locke and Confucius

In the history of humanity,there are so many great thinkers contributing a lot to our lives.In education area,thinkers in both eastern and western countries left so many master pieces to later generation.Are there any difference between their ideas of learning? What makes the differences between Chinese learner and those from western countries? In this paper,I will try to explain these by compare the views of epistemology from Locke and Confucius.From that we may find the answer.

Descartes’General Epistemology:A Contemporary Assessment

There is a broad distinction in Descartes’writings between doctrine and method.The staying power of these two elements has been unequal.Descartes’doctrinal influence on contemporary epistemology has been largely as a foil against which some of its major currents have been developed.The situation is brighter on the methodological side.Here Descartes’practice of beginning with common sense and moving,step by step,to philosophical conclusions is a practice much admired by contemporary philosophers.Still,the negative verdict on doctrine stands as the main verdict overall.I maintain that this verdict is undeserved.I first distinguish between Descartes’general epistemology and the purpose to which he puts it—the quest for certainty.I then argue for a positive verdict for his general epistemology.I do so by showing that Descartes has a non-normative account of knowledge but an“ethics of belief”in which the knowing comes first.Descartes thus anticipates what Sylvan calls the“knowledge-first”approach in general epistemology,which I defend.Relying on Audi’s distinction between“sources”and“reasons,”I show that Descartes’analysis of knowledge proper,which I also defend,anticipates and improves the“factive access”analysis of knowledge due to McDowell.

As the Medium and Sub-culture:Rethink the MOOC’s Explorations in the Liberal Arts in a University From the Perspectives of Social Epistemology

In this paper,the researcher examines lessons from massive open online courses(MOOCs)in the liberal art in a university.It intends to define a research agenda into the social epistemology impact of MOOCs,in order to reflect on changes in academic sub-culture and on learning measurement among students in university.For this reason the researcher suggests focusing attention on three features of MOOC phenomenology:MOOCs as a social epistemology—an active policy initiative to promote greater democratization of education;MOOCs as a medium and an academic sub-cultural artifact(mediated texts,videos,interface,platform functionalities)able to convey learning to distant learners;and,lastly,MOOCs as a measurement—in other words as instrumentation(i.e.,learning statements,analytics,algorithms,visualizion tools,dashboards etc.)that allows students to monitor,analyze,and optimize the effectiveness of online teaching and learning.The paper also highlights their limits in these regards based on the perspectives of social epistemology.

How Do You Know What You Know: Epistemology in Software Engineering

Ubiquitous computing emphasizes the notion of automation in the daily human experience. With the ease, comes the responsibility of knowing, the knowledge of the intrinsic nature of the machine and the evolution of human-computer interaction (HCI). The quest for knowledge is engrained in the act of questioning itself. “How?” “What? “Why?” dominates the vocabulary of every scientist and models the endlessness of our natural inquisitiveness. For example, an interaction of software systems in the case of a user who withdraws money from the ATM and automatically gets a text message and an e-mail containing notification of the transaction, engenders questions about how it all works;in technical terms, the nature of the special science that enables wireless communications. Knowledge that derives from aphorisms or other self-evident truths is easier to acknowledge, for example, the knowledge of “multiplication” is justified by the truthfulness of “addition”—the Apriori. However, in Software Engineering (SE), the Apriori is more obscure. The investigation of the nature of knowledge in SE requires an expansion of the general idea of the Apriori in establishing knowledge.

Ontological Epistemology: William James and the Chinese Traditional Philosophy of Experience

William James's understanding of the concept of experience has much in common with ideas in Chinese traditional philosophy. This connection, however, has remained unexplored. Here we introduce the idea of ontological epistemology as a way to bring these important commonalities into view. By highlighting two features of the concept of experience in Chinese philosophy, we suggest that the perspectives of holism and relationism are common to both James and the Chinese tradition. With regard to the personal and impersonal characteristics of radical experience and its commensurability with Chinese philosophy, we will pay attention to the self-dissolving aspect of both. However, there are still some theoretical complexities that remain unresolved, which clearly show the possibility of further research in the comparative study of contemporary pragmatism and Chinese philosophy.

The hierarchies of social epistemology and the essences of library system

Social Epistemology,initially developed by Jesse Hauk Shera and some other scholars,aims at providing a theoretical foundation for Library and Information Science(LIS).However,due to deficiencies in the follow-up research,the relationship between professional activities of librarianship and the optimization of the different levels of social intelligence remain vague.

Thinking,a Diverse and Inclusive Process:An Epistemological Look

Inclusive education is the transformation of the system,it highlights difference and diversity,to strengthen the development of skills,under the premise of respect for difference and diversity(Barton L,(2013).Today,educational inclusion is carries out and attends to the educational needs of students individually,where the actors of the educational process contribute to learning while respecting the differences and diversity of each individual,by fulfilling the transforming and integrating role that improves skills and breaks with barriers to learning.Contemporary education has taken on the challenge of promoting different programs aimed at promoting inclusive teaching-learning processes that facilitate attention to diversity.It is evident that the integration of students with special needs in regular educational centers has caused significant changes in the curriculum,infrastructure,and training among teachers.In the last 10 years,educational inclusion has made significant progress,but much remains to be done to expand inclusive spaces.

Hegel and the Antidialectic

This work,using the case study of the Haitian Revolution,positions Paul C.Mocombe’s theory of antidialectic within Hegel’s dialectical reasoning.Mocombe posits that the antidialectical position in Hegel’s dialectic is the position of each self-consciousness when they initially encounter each other at the onset of the master/slave dialectic.Whereas,the master seeks to move to the dialectical position in order to dominate and eliminate the original(antidialectical)position of the slave,the slave remains in this antidialectical position so long as they seek to fight against their enslavement for the purpose of maintaining and reproducing their original,antidialectical,position,which is social,political,economic,and ideological.In any other instances,they(the slaves)are either in the dialectical,seeking to maintain the status quo,or negative dialectical,seeking to integrate the status quo on equal footing with the master,positions.

The Haitian Revolution:An Insignificant Revolution?

This work posits that the Haitian Revolution became an insignificant Revolution the minute that it was usurped by the Affranchis class,the mulatto elites and petit-bourgeois creole blacks,seeking equality of opportunity,recognition,and distribution with their former colonial masters,from the Africans who commenced the event on the night of August 14th,1791.Whereas the Africans,I conclude,sought total freedom from the mercantilist and liberal order of the whites,which made the Haitian Revolution significant,the vindicationism sought by the Affranchis class undermined the agential initiatives of the Africans rendering the Revolution revolutionarily insignificant.

Consciousness Field Theory and Antihuman Psychology

Against behaviorism,humanism,and cognitive psychology,this work explores Mocombe’s antihuman psychology as a product of his consciousness field theory.The paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness,especially human consciousness,vis-à-vis their relations to the psychological theories of behaviorism,humanism,and cognitivism,concluding that consciousness field theory posits an alternative psychological theory of the mind,i.e.,antihuman psychology,to behaviorist,humanist,and cognitivist conceptions of the mind.

Gede and Homosexuality

This article argues that the Haitian Vodou spirits(lwas)of fertility and death,Gede,do not promote homosexuality or the fluidity of sexuality in Haitian culture.The latter position is a Western reading of Gede grounded in postmodern and post-structural identity theorizing.Gede in Haitian ontology and epistemology is lwas of fertility and death not sexual identity confusion or fluidity.

DEBRA: On the Unsupervised Learning of Concept Hierarchies from (Literary) Text

With this work, we introduce a novel method for the unsupervised learning of conceptual hierarchies, or concept maps as they are sometimes called, which is aimed specifically for use with literary texts, as such distinguishing itself from the majority of research literature on the topic which is primarily focused on building ontologies from a vast array of different types of data sources, both structured and unstructured, to support various forms of AI, in particular, the Semantic Web as envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee. We first elaborate on mutually informing disciplines of philosophy and computer science, or more specifically the relationship between metaphysics, epistemology, ontology, computing and AI, followed by a technically in-depth discussion of DEBRA, our dependency tree based concept hierarchy constructor, which as its name alludes to, constructs a conceptual map in the form of a directed graph which illustrates the concepts, their respective relations, and the implied ontological structure of the concepts as encoded in the text, decoded with standard Python NLP libraries such as spaCy and NLTK. With this work we hope to both augment the Knowledge Representation literature with opportunities for intellectual advancement in AI with more intuitive, less analytical, and well-known forms of knowledge representation from the cognitive science community, as well as open up new areas of research between Computer Science and the Humanities with respect to the application of the latest in NLP tools and techniques upon literature of cultural significance, shedding light on existing methods of computation with respect to documents in semantic space that effectively allows for, at the very least, the comparison and evolution of texts through time, using vector space math.

Yin Yang Cosmology

Inspired by Niels Bohr’s adoption of the Taijitu symbol of Yin Yang in his quantum complementarity worldview, this original paper introduces Yin Yang cosmology as an original epistemic quantum information theoretic model of the cosmos. The model is relation-based (not object-based) and is fundamentally established on foundations of positive and negative correlations between correlates. Adopting the holographic principle of ‘t Hooft, the fundamental dualistic processes of Yin Yang cosmology are interacting self-assembly (host) and self-disassembly (virus) subroutines in a superposition algorithm that cooperate in a phase portrait on a holographic boundary. This cooperative self-assembly and self-disassembly Yin Yang cosmology is formalized in a pair of differential equations that plot as orthogonal swirling Taijitu, and which together form an epistemic information-accreting unit-circle limit-cycle. Formal and natural descriptions are given for the continuously evolving saturation of quantum information entropy production under Yin Yang theoretic unit circle limit cycle dynamics. This original paper includes a short discussion on the known cosmos, from Big Bang to thermodynamic Big Chill, which is a quarter-cycle in Yin Yang cosmology. Our known thermodynamic cosmos is contextualized within a Yin Yang full-oscillation stationary wave that self-evolves, both its content (correlations between correlates) and its emergent laws, all-at-once in superposition. In a general theory of thermodynamics, the four superposed quarter-cycles of Yin Yang cosmology are: thermodynamic (the known cosmos), cryodynamic, anti-thermodynamic and anti-cryodynamic. Yin Yang cosmology guided by its epistemic limit cycle, self-evolves towards a self-referential symbolic ouroboros of quantum cosmological intelligence and generates Hawking’s ex post facto configurations for Life.

Towards an Effective Communication in the Care of Patients with Long Term Disease in Kenya via Cybernetic—A Systematic Review

In this paper, to effectively treat chronic disorders and improve the standard of care, effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals was essential. The aim of the study was to review the literature on how good communication might improve treatment outcomes for Kenyan patients with chronic and terminal illnesses and to determine whether Cybernetic electronic communication can improve those outcomes even more. We uncovered the history of treatment outcomes for chronic and terminal diseases in this research study, both with and without communication at the core of the patient’s care plan. We discussed the importance of good communication in the treatment of patients with chronic and terminal illnesses and why it is a momentous endeavor comparable to medical diagnosis and treatment for the long-term health of patients. To locate pertinent material for the background literature study, we carried out a comprehensive literature search. Although the preliminary literature review was a continuation of the introduction research, it also highlighted the paucity of local Kenyan literature and suggested that improved communication might help patients with chronic and terminal illnesses have better treatment outcome. Methodology maintained the literature search, as a systematic literature review focused on core of the study, making separate sections of the same body necessary. This ensured that a methodological literature search section is as comprehensive as possible. We used an integrated PRISM model to limit a comprehensive literature search and a systematic literature review design as part of the overall process. Non-probability sampling and snowball approaches on literary papers over the previous 17 years were used in this arrangement. Since this was a multidisciplinary study, the four experts who also serve as authors were chosen from within their respective fields of expertise to design the study. They created search strategies, generated key words, looked up keywords in database engines, assessed the results of the literature using the PRISMA logical model, looked over successful literature, and triangulated their findings. The conclusions of the experts individually revealed a convergence of thoughts, beliefs, and practices across. The study concluded that even though there isn’t much research done in Kenya on the same subject;what is available illustrates how crucial good communication is for patients with chronic illnesses. The study’s findings also highlighted the positive effects of effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals on treatment plan adherence, patient satisfaction, and overall health outcomes. The results also noted that in order to improve patient care and outcome, Kenyan healthcare workers should underscore developing their communication skills. The study also found that the incorporation of cybernetics is crucial if a truly effective communication is required so as to enable centered care for patients with long-term diseases in Kenya. The goal of the Cybernetics is to activate genuinely effective communication in the care of Patients with long-term disease in Kenya. This study is organized to begin with an abstract, followed by keywords, an introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, discussion, and finally conclusions.

From the Consciousness Field to the Constitution of Society

This work explores the phenomenological structural basis of Mocombe’s consciousness field theory.The paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness in the universe.The work goes on to highlight how human consciousness and society are constituted from Mocombe’s consciousness field to societal social structure,which Mocombe calls social class language game.

The Physical Universe and the Theoretical Value of Science:Reflections on the Thought of G.Leopardi

The essay has two main purposes.The first consists of discussing some literary and philosophical thoughts on the epistemological value of science by one of the most famous and celebrated poets in Italian literature,Giacomo Leopardi.The poet firmly believes in the cognitive power of science,capable of revealing false beliefs with the light of reason.However,in his mature reflections,what will radically change will not be the value of scientific activity itself,always admirably accepted,but rather its true salvific force.Leopardi was not a scientist,but he used the scientific culture of his time to critically address the great existential themes of man concerning nature and the universe.He had amply demonstrated a scientific culture since his youthful'History of Astronomy',which would reappear in many of his other literary works.His deep and meditative reflections on the nature of finite and infinite space and time are a clear and fruitful testimony to this.However,Giacomo writes icastically,reason alone is not enough;it needs imagination.The second concerns a first reconstruction of the influence that the philosophy of Enlightenment had on Leopardi’s thought especially in relation to these topics:atheism,rejection of providentialism and anthropocentrism,the conception of nature,the question of the relationship between human and animal intelligence,the rejection of metaphysics,the importance of scientific knowledge.

Epistemological Attitudes Towards Sources of Knowledge Semantic Questionnaire

Given the everlasting significance of knowledge in society and academia,this article proposes a theoretical and methodological perspective on conceptualizing and investigating it.Specifically,it aims to explore the epistemological attitude(EA)theory and its semantic approach to assessing sources of knowledge.The article provides a concise overview of the EA theory,which advocates for a systemic perspective on cognition and knowledge.It introduces and elaborates on the core concept and model,which serve as the foundation for the proposed methodology.This methodology suggests examining knowledge objects through subjective,contextual,and epistemological realms as multi-level knowledge constructs.Emphasizing the importance of semantics in studying knowledge,categories,and meanings,the article proposes an epistemological attitude towards sources of knowledge semantic questionnaire.The article delves into the methodology,reflecting on its four consecutive stages.It begins with the formal and substantive stages,which involve selecting sources,choosing academic experts as target participants,and developing content.The procedural stage follows,in which an expert review approach is employed to assess the content validity of the method.Finally,the article discusses the semantic method,elucidating its structure,features,semantic categories,and assessment procedure.The proposed method provides a unique contribution by enabling the analysis of the epistemological and socio-psychological meanings of sources,representing them as semantic constructs.

Triad Philosophy:An Initiative Idea for Merging Western and Eastern Thoughts

The core of triad philosophy consists of triad ontology, triad epistemology, and triad axiology based on triad logic. The triad ontology is characterized by objective knowledge (Li), objective matter (Ch’i), and subjective spirit (Hs’in);triad epistemology by experiencing, studying, and thinking;and triad axiology by honesty, charity, and forgiveness. The idea could merge Western and Eastern thoughts into one philosophical system.

Why Quakerism Is More Scientific Than Einstein

NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that human knowledge could be perfected,mathematically,and that a coherent scientific account of the world we find ourselves in,not only exists,but is available and open to dedicated human enquiry.This paper argues that Hume,Kant and recent work on Hubble’s Constant render this idealistic position untenable.The remedy proposed is not to tighten scientific definitions ever further,but to reposition Science so as to prioritise the biosphere.This entails placing the process of living organisms centre stage,since they defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thereby reducing Uncertainty for all—an approach best exemplified in clinical medicine,where despite unbridgeable gaps in medical knowledge,healing can and does take place.Using Quaker insights developed in the 1650s,a non-theological pathway is offered which emphasises human creativity and social cohesion.Unhappily psychiatry today,under the guise of being 100%scientific in the Einstein way,discards three counts of millennial medical wisdom,with catastrophic consequences,as shown by scientifically valid data.A healthier approach to mental and social health,emphasising trust and consent,is described.