Oxidative stress affects retinal pigment epithelial cell survival through epidermal growth factor receptor/AKT signaling pathway

AIM：To investigate the cross-talk between oxidative stress and the epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）/AKT signaling pathway in retinal pigment epithelial（ RPE） cells.METHODS：Human RPE cell lines（ARPE-19 cell） were treated with different doses of epidermal growth factor（EGF） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）.Cell viability was determined by a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay.Cell proliferation was examined by a bromodeoxyuridine（Brd U） incorporation assay.EGFR/AKT signaling was detected by Western blot.EGFR localization was also detected by immunofluorescence.In addition,EGFR/AKT signaling was intervened upon by EGFR inhibitor（erlotinib）,PI3 K inhibitor（A66） and AKT inhibitor（MK-2206）,respectively.H2O2-induced oxidative stress was blocked by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine（NAC）.RESULTS：EGF treatment increased ARPE-19 cell viabili ty and proliferation through inducing phosphorylation of EGFR and AKT.H2O2 inhibited ARPE-19 cell viability and proliferation and also suppressed EGF-stimulated increase of RPE cell viability and proliferation by affecting the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway.EGFR inhibitor erlotinib blocked EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and AKT,while A66 and MK-2206 only blocked EGF-induced phosphorylation of AKT.EGF-induced phosphorylation andendocytosis of EGFR were also affected by H2O2 treatment.In addition,antioxidant NAC attenuated H2O2-induced inhibition of ARPE-19 cell viability through all eviating reduction of EGFR,and phosphorylated and total AKT proteins.CONCLUSION：Oxidative stress affects RPE cell viability and proliferation through interfering with the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway.The EGFR/AKT signaling pathway may be an important target in oxidative stress-induced RPE cell dysfunction.

Cyclooxygenase-2 and epithelial growth factor receptor up-regulation during progression of Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma

瞄准：在整个 Barretts 食管的前进调查 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 ) 和上皮的生长因素受体(EGFR ) 的表示() 。方法：COX-2 和 EGFR 蛋白质表情被使用免疫检测组织化学的方法。详细 cytomorphological 改变的 A 是坚定的。COX-2 和 EGFR 表示的区域被使用计算机成像系统确定。结果：COX-2 和 EGFR 的表情与前进一起增加了从到食管腺癌(EAC ) 。积极关联在 COX-2 表示和 EGFR 表示之间被发现。结论：COX-2 和 EGFR 可能在逐步的前进从是合作的到 EAC，从而导致致癌作用。

EXPRESSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF BASIC FIBROBLAST GWOWTH FACTOR AND FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-1 IN OVARIAN EPITHELIAL NEOPLASM

Objective To study the relevance of expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR 1) and carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian epithelial neoplasm. Methods Ten cases of normal ovarian tissues and 75 cases of ovarian epithelial neoplasm tissues were detected by immunohistochemical methods: S P for bFGF, FGFR 1,double immunohistochemistry Lab SA for Ki 67 antigen and bFGF. Results The expression level of bFGF, FGFR 1in ovarian epithelium and ovarian epithelial neoplasm showed a step wise increase in the following order:normal <benign <borderline <malignant; The expression level and intensity of bFGF and FGFR 1 were increased with the decrease of differentiation degree and increase of clinical stage in ovarian carcinoma; There was no statistical difference between the expression of bFGF, FGFR 1 in serous cystadenocarcinoma and that of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; The expression of bFGF was correlated with that of FGFR 1 in neoplastic tissues; There were positive expression rates of bFGF and Ki 67 antigen in ovarian epithelial neoplasm. Conclusion As an important proliferative factor, bFGF plays an important role in carcinogenisis and progression of ovarian epithelial neoplasm.

Relationship between molecular changes in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)mutations in lung adenocarcinoma

Objective This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)and their impact on the prognosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.Methods A total of 158 cases of lung adenocarcinoma reported between January 2007 and January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.These tumors were resected using radical pneumonectomy and underwent pathology-based diagnosis at our institution(Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital,Hohhot,China).The tissue sections were evaluated using the updated World Health Organization classification of lung adenocarcinomas(2015 version),with each histological component recorded in 5%increments.The histological subtypes were classified,and any surviving cases were followed up.The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and direct DNA sequencing were used to evaluate mutations in exons 18,19,20,and 21 in the EGFR gene,and the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene-ALK variant(EML4-ALK)fusions were detected using sequencing.Results Our cohort included 25 patients with pre-invasive adenocarcinoma,13 patients with lepidic,66 patients with acinar,13 patients with papillary,and 25 patients with solid infiltrative adenocarcinoma with the remaining cases presenting with a variety of pathological subtypes.The prognosis of each histological subtype was different with the 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival(OS)of pre-invasion adenocarcinoma at 100%;the 5-year OS of lepidic,acinar,and papillary adenocarcinoma patients was only 84.6%,72.7%,and 76.9%,respectively.The 5-year OS of solid and mucinous adenocarcinomas were 32.0%and 36.4%,respectively.EGFR mutation was detected in 69 cases with a mutation rate of 43.7%and majority of these mutations were found in exons 19(50.6%)and 21(37.9%),with women and non-smokers shown to experience a higher mutation rate(P<0.05).However,histological subtype analysis showed that EGFR mutations were primarily found in adenocarcinomas.Most of these mutations were found in lepidic(53.8%)or acinar adenocarcinomas(50.0%),whereas these mutations were rare in both solid(28.0%)and mucinous adenocarcinoma(27.2%).The fusion mutation rate in the EML4-ALK gene was 5.69%,and was most common in young,nonsmoking patients(P<0.05).Conclusion The prognosis of patients in each lung adenocarcinoma subtype is different,and these outcomes are likely related to mutations in the EGFR and EML4-ALK genes.EGFR mutation rates are higher in lepidic and acinar adenocarcinomas,whereas EML4-ALK gene fusion mutations are more common in solid and mucinous adenocarcinoma.EGFR mutations are more common in female and non-smoking patients,whereas EML4-ALK fusions are more common in young,non-smoking patients.

非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因少见突变P733L对第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI敏感性的研究

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因少见突变P733L对第1代和第3代EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)的敏感性。方法:通过四唑盐比色法和平板克隆实验分析EGFR L858R和P733L肺癌细胞对第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI的敏感性;通过Transwell实验分析第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI对EGFR L858R和P733L肺癌细胞迁移的抑制作用;通过检测凋亡蛋白分析第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI促进EGFR L858R和P733L肺癌细胞凋亡的作用。结果:第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI对EGFR L858R和P733L细胞的增殖、克隆形成和细胞迁移都有抑制作用。与EGFR野生型肺癌细胞相比,第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI处理后,EGFR L858R和P733L细胞的EGFR激酶活性受到抑制,细胞凋亡明显增加。结论:EGFR P733L突变细胞对第1代和第3代EGFR-TKI的敏感性与EGFR L858R突变细胞的敏感性相似,本研究为EGFR基因少见突变从EGFR-TKI治疗中获益提供了实验证据。

稳定过表达犬EGFR蛋白的MDCK细胞的建立及其对凋亡和细胞周期的影响

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在许多实体肿瘤中过度表达,建立稳定过表达犬EGFR蛋白的MDCK细胞株,有利于为研究犬或人类肿瘤疾病提供良好的细胞模型和研究基础。首先制备目的片段以构建EGFR基因过表达载体,与慢病毒包装载体共同转染至293T细胞中,48 h后提取上清液经纯化获得EGFR基因过表达慢病毒液。将其转染至MDCK细胞中,经嘌呤霉素筛选和单细胞克隆后观察感染效率,RT-qPCR和Western Blot、间接免疫荧光分别检测基因及蛋白的表达,建立EGFR蛋白过表达MDCK细胞株。使用流式细胞仪分别检测过表达及对照细胞株的细胞凋亡和细胞周期。犬EGFR基因位于18号染色体,由编码跨膜糖蛋白的30个外显子组成。经反应体系,PCR产物交换入线性化表达载体,获得了阳性转化子8个,大小为738 bp。所获EGFR基因过表达慢病毒滴度为3.5×10^(8 )TU/mL。转染MDCK细胞后在荧光显微镜下观察荧光效果显著,经检测EGFR基因及其蛋白在细胞中的表达量显著升高。间接免疫荧光试验显示,EGFR在细胞中表达明显增强。过表达细胞的早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率显著上升,且在G2/M期发生阻滞。成功建立一株稳定的犬EGFR过表达MDCK细胞株,犬EGFR的过表达催化了细胞分裂,使DNA复制加快,同时刺激了细胞凋亡。

Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation analysis in cytological specimens and responsiveness to gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients

Background： Epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR） mutation is the key predictor of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors（TKIs） efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. We conducted this study to verify the feasibility of EGFR mutation analysis in cytological specimens and investigate the responsiveness to gefitinib treatment in patients carrying EGFR mutations.Methods： A total of 210 cytological specimens were collected for EGFR mutation detection by both direct sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system（ARMS）. We analyzed EGFR mutation status by both methods and evaluated the responsiveness to gefitinib treatment in patients harboring EGFR mutations by overall response rate（ORR）, disease control rate（DCR） and progression free survival（PFS）.Results： Of all patients, EGFR mutation rate was 28.6%（60/210） by direct sequencing and 45.2%（95/210） by ARMS（P〈0.001） respectively. Among the EGFR wild type patients tested by direct sequencing, 26.7% of them were positive by ARMS. For the 72 EGFR mutation positive patients treated with gefitinib, the ORR, DCR and median PFS were 69.4%, 90.2% and 9.3 months respectively. The patients whose EGFR mutation status was negative by direct sequencing but positive by ARMS had lower ORR（48.0% vs. 80.9%, P=0.004） and shorter median PFS（7.4 vs. 10.5 months, P=0.009） as compared with that of EGFR mutation positive patients by both detection methods. Conclusions： Our study verified the feasibility of EGFR analysis in cytological specimens in advanced NSCLC. ARMS is more sensitive than direct sequencing in EGFR mutation detection. EGFR Mutation status tested on cytological samples is applicable for predicting the response to gefitinib. Abundance of EGFR mutations might have an influence on TKIs efficacy.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted immune magnetic liposomes capture circulating colorectal tumor cells efficiently

AIM To compare the capacity of newly developed epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-targeted immune magnetic liposomes(EILs) vs epithelial cell adhesion molecule(Ep CAM) immunomagnetic beads to capture colorectal circulating tumor cells(CTCs).METHODS EILs were prepared using a two-step method, and the magnetic and surface characteristics were confirmed. The efficiency of capturing colorectal CTCs as well as the specificity were compared between EILs and Ep CAM magnetic beads. RESULTS The obtained EILs had a lipid nanoparticle structure similar to cell membrane. Improved binding with cancer cells was seen in EILs compared with the method of coupling nano/microspheres with antibody. The binding increased as the contact time extended. Compared with Ep CAM immunomagnetic beads, EILs captured more CTCs in peripheral blood from colorectal cancer patients. The captured cells showed consistency with clinical diagnosis and pathology. Mutation analysis showed same results between captured CTCs and cancer tissues. CONCLUSION EGFR antibody-coated magnetic liposomes show high efficiency and specificity in capturing colorectal CTCs.

循环CD4^(+)CD45RA^(+)CD62L^(+)T细胞与接受EGFR-TKI治疗的转移性非小细胞肺癌预后相关

目的探索外周血循环淋巴细胞的基线水平及动态变化与接受表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)治疗的EGFR突变阳性的转移性非小细胞肺癌患者预后之间的相关性。方法设计一个回顾性队列,包括在北京协和医院接受EGFR-TKI治疗的40例非小细胞肺癌患者。在EGFR-TKI治疗期间,使用流式细胞仪测量术收集外周血循环淋巴细胞亚群进行动态监测,并通过电话随访每位患者的生存情况,分别比较基线以及治疗1月后外周血循环淋巴细胞亚群与无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)的关系。结果在接受EGFR-TKI治疗的患者中,更高的基线循环CD4^(+)CD45RA^(+)CD62L^(+)T细胞计数与更高的肿瘤治疗应答相关(P<0.001)。整个人群的PFS为27.1个月,而OS未达到。然而,基线CD4^(+)CD45RA^(+)CD62L^(+)T细胞计数与中位PFS无相关性。此外,在EGFR-TKI治疗期间,CD4^(+)CD45RA^(+)CD62L^(+)T细胞计数稳定或升高的患者的PFS明显长于CD4^(+)CD45RA^(+)CD62L^(+)T细胞计数降低的患者(29.1个月对比9.4个月;P<0.001)。结论更高的基线循环CD4^(+)CD45RA^(+)CD62L^(+)T细胞计数与更好的EGFR-TKI治疗应答相关,CD4^(+)CD45RA^(+)CD62L^(+)T细胞计数的动态变化与PFS延长有关。

EGFR突变的晚期肺腺癌患者EGFR-TKIs治疗过程中脑转移的危险因素分析

目的 评估表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变的晚期肺腺癌患者酷氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)治疗过程中脑转移的危险因素研究,为临床诊治提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月收治的134例EGFR突变晚期肺腺癌患者的临床资料,均随访至2023年4月30日。用Kaplan-Meier法计算脑转移的累积发病率,用多因素Cox回归分析脑转移的独立危险因素。结果 34例患者(25.4%)在EGFR-TKIs治疗过程中发生脑转移。多因素分析显示年龄≤53岁(HR:2.751,95%CI:1.326~5.707;P=0.007)、血清癌胚抗原≥23 ng/mL(HR:3.197,95%CI:1.512~6.758;P=0.002)和EGFR21外显子突变(HR:2.769,95%CI:1.355~5.659;P=0.005)是发生脑转移的独立高危因素。结论 EGFR突变的晚期肺腺癌患者EGFR-TKIs治疗过程中脑转移的危险因素较多,临床上值得注意。

阿帕替尼联合埃克替尼治疗EGFR基因21号外显子L858R突变型NSCLC的临床观察

目的探究对表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因21号外显子L858R突变型非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)采用阿帕替尼联合埃克替尼治疗的临床效果。方法将EGFR基因21号外显子L858R突变型NSCLC患者101例按随机数表法分为观察组(n=51)与对照组(n=50)。观察组采用阿帕替尼联合埃克替尼治疗,对照组仅采用埃克替尼治疗,治疗时间为56 d,2个周期。比较2组近期疗效、不良反应,并采用K-M生存分析曲线图分析2组远期疗效。结果观察组与对照组的客观缓解率(ORR)(74.51%vs 74.00%)与疾病控制率(DCR)(92.16%vs 94.00%)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗期间2组未出现2级以上不良反应,观察组高血压和蛋白尿发生率分别为52.94%、50.98%,分别高于对照组的16.00%、10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组生存率显著高于对照组(69.3%vs 43.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论EGFR基因21号外显子L858R突变型NSCLC采用阿帕替尼联合埃克替尼治疗,可延长患者的无进展生存时间,不良反应的发生可接受。

Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling protects human malignant glioma cells from hypoxia - induced cell death

Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)signaling has become an importanttarget for drug development becauseEGFR signaling enhances tumor cell proliferation,migration,and invasion and inhibits apoptosis.However,theresults of clinical trials using EGFR inhibitors in patients with solid tumors have been disappointing.Here,wereport a protective effect of the EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and PD153035 against cell death induced by acute hy-poxia,which contrasts with their proapoptotic effects under normoxia.Under hypoxic conditions,both agents re-

Mogroside IIE,an in vivo metabolite of sweet agent,alleviates acute lung injury via Pla2g2a-EGFR inhibition

In the face of increasingly serious environmental pollution,the health of human lung tissues is also facing serious threats.Mogroside IIE(M2E)is the main metabolite of sweetening agents mogrosides from the anti-tussive Chinese herbal Siraitia grosvenori.The study elucidated the anti-inflammatory action and molecular mechanism of M2E against acute lung injury(ALI).A lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI model was established in mice and MH-S cells were employed to explore the protective mechanism of M2E through the western blotting,co-immunoprecipitation,and quantitative real time-PCR analysis.The results indicated that M2E alleviated LPS-induced lung injury through restraining the activation of secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA(Pla2g2a)-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).The interaction of Pla2g2a and EGFR was identified by co-immunoprecipitation.In addition,M2E protected ALI induced with LPS against inflammatory and damage which were significantly dependent upon the downregulation of AKT and m TOR via the inhibition of Pla2g2a-EGFR.Pla2g2a may represent a potential target for M2E in the improvement of LPS-induced lung injury,which may represent a promising strategy to treat ALI.

第三代EGFR-TKI耐药性机制及联合用药治疗的策略

表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)是一种受体酪氨酸激酶,参与如细胞的增殖、分裂和分化等生理过程,并在肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。在非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗中,靶向表皮生长因子受体的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)取得了显著疗效。然而,伴随着EGFR T790M等突变的出现,患者会对第一代和第二代EGFR-TKI治疗产生耐药性。为此,开发的以奥希替尼(Osimertinib)为代表的第三代EGFR-TKI,在治疗携带EGFR T790M突变患者的耐药中取得了良好效果。但部分接受第三代EGFR-TKI治疗的患者仍会产生获得性耐药。目前,已知的耐药机制主要分为EGFR依赖型(EGFR自身激酶结构域突变)和EGFR非依赖型(异常旁路信号的激活、下游信号通路的激活、组织学表型转变)两类。本文对EGFR及第三代EGFR-TKI药物结构、主要的耐药机制和耐药后的治疗策略进行了全面综述与总结,并对未来克服EGFR-TKI耐药性的可能方向进行了分析。

抗OX40/EGFR双特异性抗体的制备和活性鉴定

目的构建同时靶向表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)和OX40的双特异性抗体,并在体外初步验证其对T细胞的特异性激活作用。方法构建抗OX40/EGFR双特异性抗体的真核表达载体,转染293F细胞进行表达和纯化。构建外源表达OX40和EGFR的HEK293T细胞,利用流式细胞术分析双抗与靶蛋白表达细胞的结合活性。并利用Jurkat-OX40-NF-κB-GFP报告细胞,验证双特异性抗体对报告细胞的激活活性。通过酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)的白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)和γ-干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)分泌,进一步验证抗OX40/EGFR双抗对原代T细胞的激活。结果成功构建并且纯化了抗OX40/EGFR双特异性抗体,并且验证了该双抗可以特异性地结合表达EGFR和OX40的HEK293T细胞。在表达EGFR的A549肺癌细胞介导的交联作用下,该双特异性抗体较OX40单抗更强地激活OX40-NF-κB报告细胞,并且促进PBMC分泌IL-2和IFN-γ细胞因子。结论抗OX40/EGFR双特异性抗体构建成功,可同时识别OX40和EGFR受体并激活肿瘤特异性T细胞。

贝伐珠单抗联合奥希替尼对EGFR-T790M突变晚期NSCLC患者细胞免疫功能及血管相关生长因子的影响

目的探讨贝伐珠单抗联合奥希替尼治疗表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)-T790M晚期突变非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效及可能作用机制。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年5月接受治疗的EGFR-T790M突变晚期NSCLC患者88例,根据治疗方法分为观察组46例和对照组42例。对照组给予奥希替尼治疗,观察组给予贝伐珠单抗联合奥希替尼治疗,比较2组细胞免疫功能、血管相关生长因子、不良反应、近期疗效等。结果观察组缓解率60.87%、疾病控制率86.96%高于对照组的38.10%、66.67%(χ^(2)=4.555,5.147,P<0.05)。CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组,CD8^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清血管内皮生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子、转化生长因子-β1、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组消化道反应、肝功能损伤、肾功能损伤、神经毒性、血小板减少、白细胞减少比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论贝伐珠单抗联合奥希替尼治疗能够提高EGFR-T790M突变晚期NSCLC患者治疗效果,可能与改善细胞免疫功能、抑制相关血管生长因子水平等因素有关。

Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate on some protein factors involved in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

（-）-Epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG）, a major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, can inhibit activity of specific receptor tyrosine kinases （RTKs） and related downstream signal transduction pathways, resulting in the control of unwanted cell proliferation. The epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways that regulates growth, survival,proliferation and differentiation in mammalian cells. This review addresses the effects of EGCG on some protein factors involved in the EGFR signaling pathway in a direct or indirect manner. Based on our understanding of the interaction between EGCG and these factors, and based on their structures, EGCG could be used as a lead compound for designing and synthesizing novel drugs with significant biological activity.

贝伐珠单抗联合厄洛替尼一线治疗晚期EGFR突变型非鳞状NSCLC的成本-效用分析

目的 从我国卫生体系角度出发,评价贝伐珠单抗联合厄洛替尼一线治疗晚期EGFR突变型非鳞状非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的经济性。方法 基于BEVERLY研究数据构建动态Markov模型,循环周期为3周,模拟至模型中99%的患者死亡,年贴现率为5%。模型产出为总成本与质量调整生命年(QALY)以及增量成本-效果比(ICER)。以3倍我国2023年人均国内生产总值(GDP)作为意愿支付(WTP)阈值,采用成本-效用分析法评价贝伐珠单抗联合厄洛替尼相对于厄洛替尼单药一线治疗晚期EGFR突变型非鳞状NSCLC的经济性,并采用单因素敏感性分析和概率敏感性分析验证基础分析结果的稳健性。结果 基础分析结果显示,与厄洛替尼单药方案相比,贝伐珠单抗联合厄洛替尼方案的ICER为1 452 243.01元/QALY,大于以3倍我国2023年人均GDP(268 074元/QALY)作为的WTP阈值,不具有经济性。单因素敏感性分析结果显示,贝伐珠单抗成本、无进展生存期和疾病进展期状态的效用值对结果的影响较大。概率敏感性分析结果显示,当WTP阈值为1 740 000元/QALY时,贝伐珠单抗联合厄洛替尼方案具有经济性的概率为50%。结论 在以3倍我国2023年人均GDP作为WTP阈值时,与厄洛替尼单药方案相比,贝伐珠单抗联合厄洛替尼一线治疗晚期EGFR突变型非鳞状NSCLC不具有经济性。

EGFR Mutation and FHIT Methylation: Inverse Relationship in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma and Tuberculosis

Objective:To investigate the genetic correlations between epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation and FHIT methylation in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma(AC)and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB).Methods:The presence of EGFR mutations and the methylation status of the FHIT gene in patients presenting with AC and TB were analyzed.The correlation between TB status and the observed genetic and epigenetic variations was also examined.Results:Among the 90 patients included in the study,38 exhibited EGFR mutations(14 among those with TB and 24 among those without TB),while 29 exhibited FHIT myelination(19 among those with TB and 10 among those without TB).Furthermore,the protein expression levels of EGFR and FHIT were significantly higher in patients diagnosed solely with AC compared to those presenting with both AC and TB.A robust inverse correlation was identified between TB status and the frequency of EGFR mutation(P<0.001).Moreover,significant associations were observed between TB status and FHIT methylation(P<0.01).Conclusion:The findings suggest a correlation between TB and the prevalence of EGFR mutation and FHIT methylation in the pathogenesis of AC.

Epidermal growth factor receptor:a key manipulator in molecular pathways of malignant glioma

The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) is a member of the Erb B/EGFR family, including EGFR/Her1, Erb B2/Her2, Erb B-3/Her3, and Erb B-4/Her4. EGFR exerts its effects through the receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and activation of important downstream signaling pathways in normal and neoplastic cells, mainly the Ras GTPase/MAP kinase(MAPK), STAT3, and phosphatidylinositide 3 kinase-AKT pathways. EGFR deregulation is common in malignant glioma, especially primary glioblastoma, and exists in three forms: gene overexpression(amplification), autocrine effects of EGFR activation, and activating receptor mutation(EGFRv III). However, some EGFR abnormalities have also been found in low-grade gliomas, including the nuclear localization of EGFR, expression in the microfoci of anaplastic transformation, and association with neovascularization in the mesenchyma of the glioma, which suggests that some unknown EGFR-related mechanisms are possibly responsible for its central role in the initiation and progression of malignant glioma. Uncovering these mechanisms will have potential value in the development of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and EGFR-targeted therapy for glioma.