Epithelioid sarcoma of the spine: a case report and review

Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm commonly involving extremities of young adults and rarely occurring in the trunk area. It re-sembles a chronic inflammatory process and mimics benign reactive granuloma or other benign diseases. Despite its indolence and slow growth, the prognosis is poor with high recurrence and early lymph node spreading and hematogeneous distant metastasis. Involvement of the spine is extremely rare and diffi-cult to diagnose correctly in clinical presentation and pathology. We describe our experience a case of epi-thelioid sarcoma involving lumbar spine. A pre-ope- rative spine MRI showed a large solid and necrotic paraspinal mass which extended into the spinal canal with cord compression, and bone destruction. Final correct diagnosis was confirmed by immunohisto-chemical studies. When young adults present with a spinal lesion that has unusual large necrotic soft tissue mass, immunohistochemical studies are recommended for promptly determining the possibility of spinal epithelioid sarcoma.

PCDH17 restricts dendritic spine morphogenesis by regulating ROCK2-dependent control of the actin cytoskeleton,modulating emotional behavior

Proper regulation of synapse formation and elimination is critical for establishing mature neuronal circuits and maintaining brain function.Synaptic abnormalities,such as defects in the density and morphology of postsynaptic dendritic spines,underlie the pathology of various neuropsychiatric disorders.Protocadherin 17(PCDH17)is associated with major mood disorders,including bipolar disorder and depression.However,the molecular mechanisms by which PCDH17 regulates spine number,morphology,and behavior remain elusive.In this study,we found that PCDH17 functions at postsynaptic sites,restricting the number and size of dendritic spines in excitatory neurons.Selective overexpression of PCDH17 in the ventral hippocampal CA1 results in spine loss and anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in mice.Mechanistically,PCDH17 interacts with actin-relevant proteins and regulates actin filament(F-actin)organization.Specifically,PCDH17 binds to ROCK2,increasing its expression and subsequently enhancing the activity of downstream targets such as LIMK1 and the phosphorylation of cofilin serine-3(Ser3).Inhibition of ROCK2 activity with belumosudil(KD025)ameliorates the defective F-actin organization and spine structure induced by PCDH17 overexpression,suggesting that ROCK2 mediates the effects of PCDH17 on F-actin content and spine development.Hence,these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which PCDH17 regulates synapse development and behavior,providing pathological insights into the neurobiological basis of mood disorders.

Curved Spine:The Shape of Spine in Taoist Body Diagrams and Its Influence on Medical Body Diagrams

From the early Taoist diagrams of the human body to the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,Taoists exaggerated and deformed the human spine in a shape-shifting manner.It is likely that medical practitioners were influenced by this style of representation,and there are also numerous diagrams of the human body with the curved spine in the lateral-view diagrams of viscera and Ming Tang Tu(明堂图Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chart),which constantly show the human torso in an elliptical“egg shape”.No later than the Ming dynasty,medical practitioners began to depict the actual physiological spinal curve of the human body.By the Qing dynasty,the depiction of the spinal curve in medical diagrams of the human figure showed a tendency to part ways with the Taoist freehand style of the previous generation.Although the representation of the curve of the spine was very crude,later medical images of the human body at least gradually straightened the spine and no longer depicted it in a shape-shifting manner.However,the curved spine in Taoist diagrams of the human body continued to exist,and the presentation of the curved spine never changed.This way of depicting its appearance,which is very different from reality,is shaped by Taoism's special way of perceiving and viewing the body,and may also contain another form of truth.

Ethanol changes Nestin-promoter induced neural stem cells to disturb newborn dendritic spine remodeling in the hippocampus of mice

Adolescent binge drinking leads to long-lasting disorders of the adult central nervous system,particularly aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis.In this study,we applied in vivo fluorescent tracing using NestinCreERT2::Rosa26-tdTomato mice and analyzed the endogenous neurogenesis lineage progression of neural stem cells(NSCs)and dendritic spine formation of newborn neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus.We found abnormal orientation of tamoxifen-induced tdTomato+(tdTom^(+))NSCs in adult mice 2 months after treatment with EtOH(5.0 g/kg,i.p.)for 7 consecutive days.EtOH markedly inhibited tdTom^(+)NSCs activation and hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse dentate gyrus from adolescence to adulthood.EtOH(100 mM)also significantly inhibited the proliferation to 39.2%and differentiation of primary NSCs in vitro.Adult mice exposed to EtOH also exhibited marked inhibitions in dendritic spine growth and newborn neuron maturation in the dentate gyrus,which was partially reversed by voluntary running or inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycinenhancer of zeste homolog 2 pathway.In vivo tracing revealed that EtOH induced abnormal orientation of tdTom+NSCs and spatial misposition defects of newborn neurons,thus causing the disturbance of hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic spine remodeling in mice.

Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors:The importance of preoperative diagnosis

Accurate preoperative diagnosis is highly important for the treatment of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors(PEComas)because PEComas are mainly benign tumors and may not require surgical intervention.By analyzing the causes,properties and clinical manifestations of PEComas,we summarize the challenges and solutions in the diagnosis of PEComas.

Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the bladder and concomitant urothelial carcinoma: A case report

BACKGROUND Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(EMPNST)of the bladder is a rare entity with devastating features.These tumors are thought to originate from malignant transformation of pre-existing schwannomas of pelvic autonomic nerve plexuses,and unlike the conventional malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST),are not associated with neurofibromatosis.The tumor has dis-tinctive morphological,immunohistochemical and molecular features.Addi-tionally,it tends to be more aggressive and have a higher mortality.This is the first case that presents with a synchronous urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the epithelioid variant of MPNST in the literature.It’s also the second re-ported case of EMPNST originating from the bladder wall.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we present the detailed clinical course of a 71-year-old patient with EMPNST of the bladder alongside a literature review.CONCLUSION During the management of EMPNST cases,offering aggressive treatment moda-lities to the patient,such as radical cystectomy,is appropriate for the best chance to contain the disease,regardless of the tumor stage and the extent of local disease at initial diagnosis.

Massive simultaneous hepatic and renal perivascular epithelioid cell tumor benefitted from surgery and everolimus treatment:A case report

BACKGROUND Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor(PEComa)is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that predominantly affects the kidney and uterus.The occurrence of this tumor in the liver,particularly with simultaneous involvement of the liver and kidney,is exceedingly uncommon.Pathological diagnosis is the gold standard.PEComas usually show positive immunohistochemical staining for melanocytic(HMB-45,Melan-A)and myoid(SMA,muscle-specific actin)markers.CASE SUMMARY We presented a noteworthy case of malignant PEComa affecting both the liver and kidney in a 53-year-old man with tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC).FAT2 and TP73 mutations in the kidney were identified and positive expression of diagnostic markers including HMB-45,Melan A,and TFE3 were detected.In addition,we demonstrated that hepatic artery perfusion chemotherapy was ineffective for hepatic PEComa,while surgery remained the most effective approach.Everolimus showed an excellent efficacy in the postoperative treatment of the tumor.CONCLUSION Surgical treatment is preferred for malignant PEComa affecting liver and kidney,especially with TSC;everolimus is effective postoperatively.

Demineralized Bone Matrix Fibers plus Allograft Bone for Multilevel Posterolateral Spine Fusion: A Game Changer?

Introduction: While autograft bone is the gold standard for multilevel posterolateral lumbar fusion, bone substitutes and graft extenders such as allograft bone, ceramics and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) have been used to avoid the morbidity and insufficient quantity associated with harvesting autologous bone. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to determine whether, in patients with increased risk of operative nonunion related to multilevel fusion, adding DBM fibers to mineralized bone allograft resulted in better fusion than using allograft alone. The secondary objectives were to evaluate how adding DBM fibers affects functional disability, low back pain, intraoperative blood loss and the nonunion rate. Methods: This retrospective study involved a chart review of consecutive patients who underwent multilevel lumbar spinal fusion and were operated on by a single surgeon. The patients were divided into two groups: 14 patients received mineralized bone allograft (control group) and 14 patients received a combination of mineralized bone allograft and DBM (experimental group). Patients were reviewed at a mean of 16.4 ± 2.2 months after surgery at which point CT scans were analyzed to determine whether fusion had occurred;Oswestry disability index (ODI) and pain were also evaluated. Results: A mean of 5 levels [min 2, max 13] were fused in these patients. Posterolateral fusion as defined by the Lenke classification was not significantly different between groups. The experimental DBM group had a significantly better composite fusion score than the control group (P Discussion: Adding DBM fibers to allograft bone during multilevel posterolateral spinal fusion was safe and produced better composite fusion than using allograft only as an autograft extender.

Uterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumor with the main manifestation of increased human chorionic gonadotropin:A case report

BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT)is an extremely rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm commonly presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding,abdominal pain,and increased human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG).This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old female was referred to the Ningbo Maternal and Child Hospital of China in December 2022,complaining of increased hCG levels for 1 month.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed gestational trophoblastic tumor,and hysteroscopic electrotomy and curettage of intrauterine hyperplasia were performed.The patient was diagnosed with uterine ETT through postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical results.Total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed,and hCG levels returned to normal.The patient was without recurrence during the postoperative 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG,highlighting that ETT should be considered in the presence of abnormal hCG.A total laparoscopic hysterectomy is recommended.

Clinical Study of Tianji Robotic-Assisted Surgery for Upper Cervical Spine Fractures

Object: To compare the safety, clinical efficacy, and complication rate of “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery with traditional open surgery in the treatment of cervical vertebrae fracture. Methods: 60 patients with upper cervical vertebrae fracture admitted to Baise People’s Hospital between November 2018 and April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 29 underwent “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery (Robot group), and 31 underwent traditional C-arm fluoroscopy-assisted open surgery (Open group). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 27.0 software to compare general data (gender, age, BMI), preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, neck disability index (NDI), intraoperative blood loss, accuracy of screw placement on imaging, and the number of complications in both groups for comprehensive evaluation. A P value < 0.05 was deemed to have achieved statistical significance. Results: There was no significant difference in preoperative VAS scores between the two groups (Robot group: 8.34 ± 0.61;Open group: 8.26 ± 0.68, P = 0.317). There was also no significant difference in VAS scores at 1 week postoperatively (Robot group: 6.90 ± 0.31;Open group: 6.94 ± 0.36, P = 0.3237). Preoperative NDI scores showed no significant difference between the two groups (Robot group: 43.31 ± 2.67;Open group: 43.84 ± 2.67, P = 0.2227), and the difference in NDI scores at 1 week postoperatively was also not significant (Robot group: 35.69 ± 4.24;Open group: 37.35 ± 3.48, P = 0.0509). Intraoperative blood loss in the Robot group was significantly lower than in the Open group (246.21 ± 209 ml vs 380.65 ± 328.04 ml, P = 0.0308), with a statistically significant difference. The operation time was longer in the Robot group (3.75 ± 0.74 h) compared to the Open group (2.74 ± 0.86 h). In terms of screw placement accuracy, the Robot group had a higher accuracy rate for Class A screws compared to the Open group (102 screws vs 94 screws, P = 0.0487), and the accuracy rate for Class B screws was also higher in the Robot group (13 screws vs 29 screws, P = 0.0333), with both differences being statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the number of complications between the two groups (Robot group: 8 cases;Open group: 10 cases, P = 0.6931). Conclusion: Patients treated with “Tianji” robot-assisted surgery for upper cervical vertebrae fracture had lower intraoperative blood loss and higher screw placement accuracy compared to those undergoing traditional C-arm fluoroscopy-assisted open surgery, indicating that this robot-assisted surgery can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss and improve screw placement accuracy.

Clinical review and literature analysis of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma in alcoholic cirrhosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma(HEA)has a low incidence and both clinical manifestations and imaging lack specificity.Thus,it is easy to misdiagnose HEA as other tumors of the liver,especially in the presence of liver diseases such as hepatitis cirrhosis.This article reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HEA and alcoholic cirrhosis,and analyzed the literature,in order to improve the understanding of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted due to the discovery of a space-occupying lesion in the liver.Based on the patient’s history,laboratory examinations,and imaging examinations,a malignant liver tumor was considered and laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed.Postoperative pathology showed HEA.During outpatient follow-up,the patient showed no sign of recurrence.CONCLUSION HEA is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before surgery.HEA has the poten-tial for malignant degeneration.If conditions permit,surgical treatment is recom-mended.

Thoracic spine infection caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The clinical incidence of spinal infection is gradually increasing,and its onset is insidious,easily leading to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis,which may lead to serious complications such as nervous system dysfunction,spinal instability and/or deformity,and cause a huge burden on society and families.Early identification of the causative agent and precision medicine will greatly reduce the suffering of patients.At present,the main pathogenic bacteria that cause spinal infection are Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus,Pneumococcus,Escherichia coli,and Klebsiella.There are no reports of spinal infection caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens.CASE SUMMARY We report a 32-year-old female patient with spinal infection.She presented with flank pain,initially thought to be bone metastases or bone tuberculosis,and had a family background of tumors.Her clinical features and changes in imaging and laboratory tests led to the suspicion of thoracic spine infection.Histopathology of the lesion showed inflammation,tissue culture of the lesion was negative several times,and the possible pathogen-Pseudomonas fluorescens was found after gene sequencing of the lesion.The patient recovered completely after a full course of antibiotic treatment.CONCLUSION This report increases the range of pathogens involved in spinal infections,highlights the unique advantages of gene sequencing technology in difficult-todiagnose diseases,and validates conservative treatment with a full course of antibiotics for spinal infections without complications.

Radiological findings of February 2023 twin earthquakes-related spine injuries

BACKGROUND The February 6,2023,twin earthquakes in Türkiye caused significant structural damage and a high number of injuries,particularly affecting the spine,which underscores the importance of understanding the distribution and nature of vertebral injuries in disaster victims.AIM To investigate the distribution of radiological findings of vertebral injuries in patients referred to a major tertiary center during the February 6,2023 twin earthquakes in Türkiye.METHODS With the approval of the institutional ethics committee,1216 examinations of 238 patients transferred from the region to a tertiary major hospital after the twin earthquakes of February 6,2023,were retrospectively analyzed for spine injuries.RESULTS Spine computed tomography(CT)scans were performed in 192 of 238 patients with a suspected spinal injury,42 of whom also had an magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In 86 of 192 patients(44.79%;M:F=33:53)a spinal fracture was detected on CT and in 33 of 42 patients(78.57%;M:F=20:13)a spinal injury was found on MRI.Of the 86 patients in whom vertebral injury was detected,fractures were detected in the Denis-B group in 33,Denis-C in 4,Denis-D in 20 and Denis-E in 11 patients.Among the vertebral bodies:40"compression fractures",17"burst fractures",5"translational dislocation fractures",5"flexion-distraction fractures"and 58"prolonged forced fetal posture fractures"were detected.In addition,isolated transverse or spinous process fractures were found in eighteen vertebrae.CONCLUSION Our study highlights the prevalence and diverse spectrum of spinal injuries following the February 6,2023 twin earthquakes in Turkey underscoring the urgent need for effective management strategies in similar disaster scenarios,and emphasizing the"prolonged forced fetal posture"damage we encountered in earthquake victims who remained under the collapse for a long time.

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the pancreas:A case report

BACKGROUND A sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma(SEF)is a rare malignant fibroblastic soft tissue tumor that rarely occurs in intra-abdominal organs.A case of a SEF in the pancreatic head is reported herein,including its clinical manifestations,preoperative imaging features,gross specimen and pathological findings.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old male patient was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital in December 2023 due to a one-year history of intermittent upper abdominal pain and the discovery of a pancreatic mass.The patient underwent an enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen,which revealed a welldefined,round mass with clear borders and calcifications in the pancreatic head.The mass exhibited progressive,uneven mild enhancement,measuring approximately 6.6 cm×6.3 cm.The patient underwent laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.Postoperative pathological examination revealed that the lesion was consistent with a SEF.At the 3-month postoperative follow-up,the patient did not report any short-term complications,and there were no signs of tumor recurrence.CONCLUSION SEFs are rare malignant fibrous soft tissue tumors.SEFs rarely develop in the pancreas,and its preoperative diagnosis depends on imaging findings,with confirmation depending on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry.Currently,only four cases of pancreatic SEF have been reported in studies written in English.This case is the first reported case of a pancreatic SEF by a clinical physician.

Academic Stress Assessment Using Virtual Reality as an Educational Tool in Spine Surgery

Introduction: The evaluation of academic stress in medical students and residents is a topic of significant interest, given the considerable challenges they face during their learning process with traditional teaching methods. The use of technologies like virtual reality presents an opportunity to enhance their skills through simulations and training. The main objective of this study is to qualitatively assess the stress levels experienced by medical students and residents by integrating virtual reality into their current learning methods, aiming to improve their ability to manage stressors in their practice. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was conducted with 12 medical students and 12 Traumatology and orthopedics residents. The purpose of the questionnaire was to evaluate the levels of academic stress using the SISCO inventory. The stress levels were calculated by transforming average values into percentages, and the following criteria were assigned: 0 to 33% for Mild Stress, 34 to 66% for Moderate Stress, and 67 to 100% for Deep Stress. Then, a virtual reality class focused on spine surgery was provided. Both medical students and residents were trained using the Non Nocere SharpSurgeon software platform and Oculus Quest 2 virtual reality glasses. At the end of the session, a second questionnaire related to the practice with virtual reality was conducted with the same evaluation criteria and a comparative analysis was carried out. Results: 12 undergraduate students from Hospital Angeles Mexico, CDMX and 12 traumatology and orthopedics residents at Hospital Santa Fe, Bogota were evaluated. The students in CDMX reported an average qualitative stress of 28.50% during habitual practices, which decreased to an average of 14.67% after virtual reality practice. Residents in Bogotá experienced an average qualitative stress of 30.50% with their current learning methods but this reduced to an average of 13.92% after using virtual reality. These findings indicate that the use of virtual reality has a positive impact on reducing stress levels qualitatively. Conclusions: The use of virtual reality as a learning method for medical students and residents qualitatively improves stress levels. Further studies are required to define the potential uses of Virtual Reality to improve learning methods and emotional state in medical students and residents and for a quantitative assessment to validate the training as certified learning methods.

Spine Decide软件在脊柱外科临床实习教学中的应用

背景:脊柱,因其复杂的结构和其特殊的功能,一直以来是临床教学的难点和重点,如何将现代化软件应用于脊柱外科临床教学是目前研究的热点。目的:探索Spine Decide软件在脊柱外科临床教学中的应用。方法:通过Spine Decide软件,带教教师可以主动引导实习生自己学习脊柱疾病的诊断,设计手术方案,通过实际手术的参与,充分理解脊柱外科疾病的诊疗过程和疾病发生发展过程。结果与结论:学员通过主动的学习以及与Spine Decide软件的积极互动,能够在短时间内系统化、条理化的理解脊柱疾病的发生机理、诊断、治疗以及预后。Spine Decide应用于教学后,实习生的临床思维能力、自学能力等明显提高,学生学习脊柱相关疾病的主动性和积极性显著优于传统教学方法,创新性和探索性也有了突破性的提高,切实提高了教学质量。

针对Spines覆盖网络的可用带宽测量算法

针对Spines覆盖网络的逐跳传输特性,提出了一种具有较强网络动态适应性的可用带宽测量算法(band-width estimation linear regression,BELR).该算法是一元线性回归算法,采用传输消息大小和带宽限制的链路延时之间的线性关系来测量链路的可用带宽,使用可靠链路传输探测包,利用链路的单向延迟计算逐跳之间虚拟链路的带宽,所需带宽测量时间可减少一半.通过仿真分析了算法的性能,仿真结果表明,运用BELR算法可以在较短时间内得到比较准确的带宽估计,可适用于具有较大动态变化特性的覆盖网络可用带宽测量.

术前应用Surgimap Spine辅助设计截骨矫形治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形的临床疗效

目的:分析术前应用数字化智能软件Surgimap Spine辅助设计截骨矫形治疗强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)胸腰椎后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月~2021年4月于河南省人民医院脊柱脊髓外科行截骨矫形治疗AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者的临床资料,男15例,女1例;年龄19~46岁(32.7±8.1岁)。术前将脊柱全长侧位X线片导入Surgimap Spine软件,测量骨盆参数、颌眉角(chin-brow vertical angle,CBVA)和矢状面平衡距离(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)等矢状位参数;旋转骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)达到理想数值;连接C7椎体中心与S1后上角连线,沿拟定截骨椎前方皮质中心将C7中心旋转至骶骨正上方,旋转角度α即为预测SVA=0mm时截骨角度;应用截骨工具模拟SVA=50mm时截骨角度β;再应用截骨工具分别模拟CBVA=10°和20°时所需截骨角度γ、δ,颈椎受累者δ≤截骨角度λ≤γ且满足β≤截骨角度λ≤α;颈椎未受累者β≤截骨角度λ≤α。根据设定截骨角度范围,指导术中截骨。术前、术后2周及末次随访时拍摄脊柱全长X线正侧位片,测量并比较CBVA、脊柱整体后凸角(global kyphosis,GK)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、胸腰椎后凸角(thoracolumbar kyphosis,TLK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、PT、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、骨盆入射角(PI)与腰椎前凸角(LL)之差(PI-LL)、SVA等参数,采用SRS-22评分(Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评估临床疗效,同时记录手术相关并发症情况。结果:患者手术均顺利完成,5例患者合并颈椎强直,其中3例无法同时满足SVA和CBVA需求,根据术者经验进行权衡。手术时间350~490min(420±38.9min),术中出血量900~1900ml(1366.5±337.3ml)。术后随访6~24个月,平均12.6±5.6个月。手术前、术后2周及末次随访时的CBVA分别为33.1°±13.1°、8.2°±3.8°、10.5°±4.2°;GK分别为68.5°±28.4°、35.4°±12.0°、36.1°±10.6°;TK分别为51.3°±17.3°、35.9°±9.9°、35.7°±8.7°;TLK分别为31.5°±16.1°、15.2°±7.4°、14.5°±7.2°;LL分别为-2.3°±20.8°、-39.7°±12.9°、-37.8°±8.9°;PT分别为36.5°±11.5°、23.2°±9.1°、25.4°±7.9°;SS分别为13.2°±8.8°、25.2°±8.5°、26.2°±8.7°;PI-LL分别为37.3°±15.6°、8.3°±8.7°、10.5°±9.5°;SVA分别为175.3±47.4mm、38.2±10.2mm、44.2±11.3mm。术后2周及末次随访时与手术前比较均有显著性改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前、术后2周及末次随访时的PI值为48.2°±13.3°、48.0°±12.7°、48.1°±12.3°,无显著性改变(P>0.05)。末次随访时的ODI和SRS-22与术前比较均有显著性改善(P<0.05)。术后水平视线及生活能力均明显改善,末次随访时未见内固定松动、移位及断裂,植骨融合充分。结论:术前应用数字化智能软件Surgimap Spine辅助设计截骨治疗AS胸腰椎后凸畸形可行,临床疗效满意。

有限元法在脊柱胸腰段骨折生物力学分析中的应用及发展方向

背景:脊柱骨折最高发部位是胸腰段,其症状为后背部疼痛、后凸畸形、活动受限,或伴脊髓神经损伤引发下肢疼痛、麻木甚至截瘫等并发症。有限元法是一种数字化的计算机建模技术,能真实模拟实物模型并进行受力分析。目的:综述有限元法在脊柱胸腰段骨折中的应用。方法:在中英文文献数据库PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网中检索2024年3月之前发表的有限元分析法在脊柱胸腰段骨折中应用的相关文献,中英文检索词为“有限元分析法(finite element analysis methods)”“生物力学(biomechanical phenomena)”“应力分析(stress analysis)”“胸腰椎骨折(thoracolumbar fractures)”“脊柱骨折(spinal fractures)”,最终纳入55篇文献。结果与结论:①通过有限元法对不同病因(骨质疏松性、创伤性、病理性)导致的胸腰椎骨折进行探索,有利于对各种类型胸腰椎骨折的生物力学特征有更加深刻的认识,完善对胸腰椎骨折的个性化和精细化治疗;②单一样本或数量较少样本的有限元分析具有偶然性,未来的有限元分析需要更大的样本数量来减少样本偶然性带来的误差;③仅骨骼的刚性结构不能满足实物的完整性所具有的生物力学工况,未来的有限元模型需要尽可能纳入实物的所有结构(例如肌肉、韧带等软组织);④有限元法在骨质疏松性和创伤性胸腰椎骨折方面的研究较多,未来需要进行更加深入的研究;病理性胸腰椎骨折领域的研究较少,未来研究范围较广。

儿童颈椎神经弓中心软骨联合形态发育的数字解剖学特征

背景:随着国内外学者对儿童颈椎相关疾病重视程度的提升,探知不同年龄儿童颈椎形态发育解剖学指标及变化规律的需求不断提高。目的:通过测量1-6岁儿童C_(2)-C_(7)神经弓中心软骨联合解剖学位置指标,探讨及分析儿童不同年龄和椎序间形态发育的变化规律。方法:回顾性收集了省级三甲医院1-6岁儿童正常颈椎CT影像资料160例,按照1周岁为一个年龄组分6组,将连续扫描的颈椎断层影像原始数据导入Mimics 16.0软件中,在二维图像窗口下,选择Measurements测量工具分别在冠状面及横断面上对颈椎C_(2)-C_(7)节段神经弓中心软骨联合的解剖学位置指标进行测量和分析。结果与结论:①C_(2)-C_(7)神经弓中心软骨联合两侧间距离、神经弓中心软骨联合左右侧与横突的距离均随着年龄增长逐渐增大,各颈椎节段椎骨整体发育较神经弓中心软骨联合骨化速度快;②C_(2)-C_(7)神经弓中心软骨联合两侧横断面夹角随年龄增长逐渐增大、神经弓中心软骨联合左右侧与椎体前后缘的夹角均逐渐减小,颈椎节段神经弓中心软骨联合两侧趋于向椎弓部位生长,主要促进椎弓的生长发育;③除C_(7)以外,其他椎段随着颈椎下行神经弓中心软骨联合两侧冠状面夹角变化较小,颈椎的神经弓中心软骨联合更偏向于纵向生长与骨化;④C_(7)的神经弓中心软骨联合位置变化与其余颈椎节段有明显差异;⑤儿童C_(2)-C_(7)神经弓中心软骨联合位置解剖学指标在不同年龄段和不同椎体之间有明显发育规律,且这些规律有助于儿童颈椎疾病的临床诊断与治疗。