Epstein-Barr Virus EA-IgA, VCA-IgA, and EBVNA-IgG Antibodies in a Population of Wuhan, China

The study investigated the distribution of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)EA-IgA,VCAIgA,and EBVNA-IgG antibodies in a local population of Wuhan,China.Chemiluminescence immunoassay(CL1A)was used to detect EBV EA-IgA,VCA-IgA,and EBVNA-IgG antibodies in 972 subjects undergoing physical examination in Wuhan,and the results were analyzed.The detection rate of EBV was positively correlated with age.In the 972 cases,there was significant difference between different genders in the positive rate of VCA-IgA and EBVNA-IgG.Moreover,the positive rate of VCA-IgA and EBVNA-IgG was higher in men>60 years old than in those<60 but no significant differences were found in three antibodies among various age groups.Our results suggested that the EBV infection should be intensively monitored in elderly people in Wuhan.

Rapid and sensitive detection of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by chemiluminescence strips based on iron-porphyrin single atom nanozyme

The correlation between Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)risk has been extensively researched.The continual monitoring of EBV-IgAs provides a promising approach of NPC screening in its early stage.In this study,we successfully synthesized a single-atom nanozyme(SANzyme)through the application of iron-porphyrin based metal organic framework(MOF-FeP).The MOF-FeP possesses precisely-defined electronic and geometric structures that accurately mimic highly-evolved catalytic site of natural peroxidase.The peroxidase-like activity of MOF-FeP enables it to catalyze the chemiluminescence of luminol substrate.By integrating MOF-FeP into a traditional strip,we created a rapid and highly-sensitive evaluation tool for detecting EBV-IgAs.Importantly,the MOF-FeP strip enables the simultaneous detection of three EBV-IgAs,greatly improving the accuracy of EBV-associated NPC screening.The sensitivities of the MOF-FeP strip(75.56%–93.30%)surpass those of current enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)methods(64.44%–82.22%).This test takes only 16 min to perform as opposed to the customary 1–2 h required for standard ELISA.Additionally,the MOF-FeP strip is suitable for whole blood samples,thereby significantly simplifying the sample preparation and detection process.In conclusion,the MOF-FeP strip combines the simplicity of traditional strip with the high catalytic activity of SANzyme.Our innovative MOF-FeP strip offers a new point-of-care strategy for EBV-IgAs detection,which is expected to markedly facilitate early screening for EBV-associated diseases.

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B virus surface antigen negative patients receiving immunosuppression: A hidden threat

AIM: To present the characteristics and the course of a series of anti- hepatitis B virus core antibody (HBc) antibody positive patients, who experienced hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after immunosuppression. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated in our tertiary centers the medical records of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) negative patients who suffered from HBV reactivation after chemotherapy or immunosuppression during a 3-year period (2009-2011). Accordingly, the clinical, laboratory and virological characteristics of 10 anti-HBc (+) anti-HBs (-)/HBsAg (-) and 4 anti-HBc (+)/antiHBs (+)/HBsAg (-) patients, who developed HBV reactivation after the initiation of chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment were analyzed. Quantitative determination of HBV DNA during reactivation was performed in all cases by a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction kit (COBAS Taqman HBV Test; cut-off of detection: 6 IU/mL). RESULTS: Twelve out of 14 patients were males; median age 74.5 years. In 71.4% of them the primary diagnosis was hematologic malignancy; 78.6% had received rituximab (R) as part of the immunosuppressive regimen. The median time from last chemotherapy schedule till HBV reactivation for 10 out of 11 patients who received R was 3 (range 2-17) mo. Three patients (21.4%) deteriorated, manifesting ascites and hepatic encephalopathy and 2 (14.3%) of them died due to liver failure. CONCLUSION: HBsAg-negative anti-HBc antibody positive patients can develop HBV reactivation even 2 years after stopping immunosuppression, whereas prompt antiviral treatment on diagnosis of reactivation can be lifesaving.

False Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test Results Associated with Rheumatoid Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective To investigate if immunological factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) affect the result of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) screening by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Methods 100 RA cases were enrolled from January 2012 to February 2013 into this study. HIV screening was conducted with ECLIA detecting both HIV-1 p24 antigen, HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, with ELISA and colloidal gold method detecting HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. The samples producing positive results were submitted to the Center for Disease Control for confirmation using Western blotting method. The antibody titers of rheumatoid factors(RF) including RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG were analyzed by ELISA. Results The HIV positive-rate determined by ECLIA was significantly higher than that by ELISA and colloidal gold method(P<0.01). The false-positive rate of HIV screening was associated with antibody titers of RF-IgG, RF-IgM, RF-IgA, and CCP-IgG in RA(P<0.01). Conclusion Immunological factors, including RF and anti-CCP antibody, may influence the screening of HIV by ECLIA, producing false-positive result.

丙型肝炎病毒抗体化学发光免疫分析法≥95%阳性预测值最佳吸光度/临界值建立方法学和重要性探讨

目的确定丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)抗体阳性预测值≥95%的最佳吸光度/临界值(signal-to-cutoff,S/CO),确定首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院实验室医学决定水平,为探索不同系统丙型肝炎病毒抗体检测试剂95%阳性置信区间建立方法学。方法收集2021年7月至2022年2月门诊及住院患者进行化学发光免疫分析法(chemiluminescence analysis,CLIA)初筛检测同时进行HCV RNA检测的血浆样本共282例,其中抗体初筛有反应性(S/CO≥1)样本252例,阴性样本30例,进行重组免疫印记试验(recombinant immunoblot assay,RIBA)并查阅其HCV RNA检测结果,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线得到预测本实验室阳性预测值≥95%时HCV感染的抗体S/CO值。结果初筛为阴性的30例样本双重确证试验结果均为阴性;排除16例HCV感染史不明确的样本,丙型肝炎病毒抗体S/CO≥1的236例样本经双重确证试验得到真阳性样本188例,阴性样本48例,经ROC曲线分析,本实验室阳性预测值≥95%时,本实验室抗体S/CO值为7.83,灵敏度为93.09%,特异度为95.83%,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.98(P<0.0001)。结论为临床提供本实验室阳性预测值≥95%时HCV感染抗体的S/CO值以协助临床诊疗。

门诊血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒抗体假阳性情况调查与分析

目的:调查门诊血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒抗体假阳性的发生率和发生原因,以便正确处理抗体检测报告和医患沟通困扰。方法:对中国人民解放军南部战区总医院2019年12月至2022年12月279名门诊血液透析患者的丙型肝炎病毒抗体和丙型肝炎病毒RNA检测结果进行整群抽样、横断面调查和回顾性研究。结果:调查发现共有81人丙型肝炎病毒抗体假阳性,占29.03%;其中S/CO值介于1.0~5.0的占98.77%,介于5.0~10.0的占比为1.23%。全部病例经HCV-RNA复核3次,均为阴性。检验科与输血医学科采取不同的检测方法与报告程序,结果有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:丙型肝炎病毒抗体S/CO值处于灰区范围时多为假阳性,且与抗体检测策略和报告程序有关。

河南省猪血凝性脑脊髓炎的流行病学调查

为了解河南省猪血凝性脑脊髓炎(PHE)的流行病学情况,从河南省各地区采集850份猪血清样本和29份PHE疑似病例的脑组织样品,进行猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒(HEV)抗体检测和病原学检测。结果显示,阳性血清样本470份,阳性率为55.29%;不同地区猪血清样本HEV抗体检测结果差异较大,其中安阳市样本的HEV阳性率最高,为82.00%,洛阳市样本HEV阳性率最低,为28.00%。仔猪血清样本的HEV阳性率高达73.88%,种母猪血清样本HEV阳性率次之,为60.89%。29份PHE疑似病例的RT-PCR结果显示,HEV阳性率为79.31%,其中HEV与PRRSV的混合阳性率最高,为62.07%。综上所述,河南省各地区普遍存在HEV感染情况,45日龄以下的仔猪发病率最高,呈隐性感染,且多与PRRSV等病原混合感染。

北京地区EBV抗体水平及阳性率调查

目的调查北京地区EB病毒(EBV)抗体水平及阳性率。方法将2018年11月至2021年12月于中国中医科学院西苑医院进行血清EBV抗体检测的共1768例受试者纳入研究。对纳入研究受试者的4种EBV抗体水平分别按性别、季度、年龄进行分组比较。根据抗体水平将阳性检测结果分为强阳性和弱阳性,对不同年龄组4种EBV抗体的强阳性率和弱阳性率进行比较。结果男性和女性4种EBV抗体阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4个季度间4种EBV抗体阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。<18岁组EBV衣壳抗原(VCA)IgM抗体阳性率及强、弱阳性率,EBV VCA IgG抗体弱阳性率均高于其他年龄组(P<0.05);而<18岁组EBV核抗原(NA)IgG抗体阳性率及强、弱阳性率,EBV VCA IgG抗体阳性率及强阳性率均明显低于其他年龄组(P<0.05)。结论通过对EBV的4种抗体进行检测,能够了解当地人群EBV感染的状况。EBV初次感染易发生于青少年时期,而年龄≥80岁人群也是EBV感染高发人群。

Generation of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the 2009 pandemic H 1N 1 virus from peripheral blood memory B lymphocytes

The 2009 H 1N 1 influenza pandemic demonstrated the significance of a global health threat to human beings. Although pandemic H 1N 1 vaccines have been rapidly developed, passive serotherapy may offer superior immediate protection against infections in children, the elderly and immune-compromised patients during an influenza pandemic. Here, we applied a novel strategy based on Epstein-Barr virus （EBV）-immortalized peripheral blood memory B cells to screen high viral neutralizing monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） from individuals vaccinated with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine PANFLU.1. Through a massive screen of 13 090 immortalized memory B-cell clones from three selected vaccinees, seven MAbs were identified with both high viral neutralizing capacities and hemagglutination inhibition （HAl） activities against the 2009 pandemic H 1N 1 viruses. These MAbs may have important clinical implications for passive serotherapy treatments of infected patients with severe respiratory syndrome, especially children, the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. Our successful strategy for generating high-affinity MAbs from EBV-immortalized peripheral blood memory B ceils may also be applicable to other infectious or autoimmune diseases.

江西省部分地区近3年鸡新城疫抗体水平调查与分析

【目的】为了解江西省养禽场的鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)免疫抗体水平状况。【方法】对2020—2022年来自江西省宜春市、上饶市、抚州市、九江市、赣州市5地区的部分养禽场1153份血清样本进行NDV抗体检测。【结果】江西省部分地区养禽场的NDV抗体阳性率91.5%。其中,宜春市、上饶市、九江市、赣州市的新城疫抗体阳性率分别为:94.7%、95.6%、88.5%、71.9%,均好于国家农业农村部规定的70%要求;仅抚州市阳性率69.4%。2020—2022年3年来江西省5市NDV免疫抗体阳性率呈现上升趋势;春、冬两季鸡群抗体阳性率较低;江西省5市各地NDV抗体平均效价均在4 Log2以上,多分布于6 Log2~9 Log2。【结论】近年来江西省家禽NDV免疫抗体水平比较高,而且呈逐步上升趋势。

Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders:beyond chemotherapy treatment

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder(PTLD)is a rare but life-threatening complication of both allogeneic solid organ(SOT)and hematopoietic cell transplantation(HCT).The histology of PTLD ranges from benign polyclonal lymphoproliferation to a lesion indistinguishable from classic monoclonal lymphoma.Most commonly,PTLDs are Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)positive and result from loss of immune surveillance over EBV.Treatment for PTLD differs from the treatment for typical non-Hodgkin lymphoma because prognostic factors are different,resistance to treatment is unique,and there are specific concerns for organ toxicity.While recipients of HCT have a limited time during which they are at risk for this complication,recipients of SOT have a lifelong requirement for immunosuppression,so approaches that limit compromising or help restore immune surveillance are of high interest.Furthermore,while EBV-positive and EBV-negative PTLDs are not intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy,the poor tolerance of chemotherapy in the post-transplant setting makes it essential to minimize potential treatment-related toxicities and explore alternative treatment algorithms.Therefore,reduced-toxicity approaches such as single-agent CD20 monoclonal antibodies or bortezomib,reduced dosing of standard chemotherapeutic agents,and non-chemotherapy-based approaches such as cytotoxic T cells have all been explored.Here,we review the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy treatment landscape for PTLD.

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus infection subtype in patients with multiple sclerosis by indirect immunofluorescence assay

Aim:The aim was to investigate the infectious conditions of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)in patients with multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods:Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of 20 patients with MS and 20 with other neurological diseases(OND)were tested with indirect immunofluorescence for anti-EBV capsid antigen(EBV-CA)immunoglobulin G(IgG),IgG affinity for anti-EBV-CA,anti-EBV-CA immunoglobulin M(IgM),anti-EBV early antigen(EBV-EA)IgG and anti-EBV nuclear antigen(EBNA)IgG.According to the pattern of antibodies in CSF,infection rates of acute,chronic,primary,recurrent,and past infections were analyzed in the two groups of patients.Results:There were no significant differences in anti-EBV-CA,anti-EBC-EA,and anti-EBNA antigen IgG in CSF between MS and OND patients(P>0.05).The positive rate of low affinity for anti-EBV-CA IgG in MS patients was significantly higher than that for OND patients(75%vs.40%,P<0.05).Furthermore,significant differences in the positive rate of anti-EBV-CA IgM were found between MS and OND patients(70%vs.25%,P<0.05).Of the MS patients,75%were in an EBV acute infection state compared with 40%of OND patients(P<0.05).Conclusion:Acute infection of EBV closely correlates with the occurrence of MS.

上海地区活禽批发市场H9亚型禽流感病毒调查

为弄清上海地区活禽批发市场中H9禽流感病毒（Avian influenza virus,AIV）的流行情况及鸡群的免疫情况,2009年对上海三大活禽批发市场进行了采样监测。采用HI试验检测H9 AIV抗体、荧光RT-PCR试验和鸡胚接种分离鉴定病毒。共采集110批次1 646份血样和喉头泄殖腔棉拭样品,平均抗体合格率为60.27%,分离到H9病毒134株,其中4-6月和9-11月为全年中病毒分离的2个高峰期（样品带毒率均超过了10.00%）,明显比其它月份要高（其他月份均低于5.00%）,样品带毒率平均为8.14%。不同市场、不同地区采集的样品其抗体合格率和样品的带毒率也存在一定的差异。在30批分离到病毒的样品中,13批次已免疫H9N2油乳剂灭活苗且抗体合格率均大于70.00%的样品中分离到45株病毒（45/195）,其中6批次抗体合格率达到100%的样品中也分离到了病毒（8/90）,但带毒率明显比未经疫苗免疫的样品（79/255）低。调查结果表明养殖户对肉鸡群H9N2油乳剂灭活苗免疫重视程度不够,鸡群中带毒现象较普遍。疫苗免疫后能产生较高的免疫抗体,且抗体能减轻临床症状,降低带毒率,但不能完全阻止病毒复制,存在高抗体下带毒现象。

东山区5间小学学生乙肝表面抗体阳性率分析

目的了解东山区小学生乙肝表面抗体阳性率情况,为乙肝疫苗加强免疫提供依据。方法选取东山区五间具代表性学校共3059名学生,抽血检验乙肝表面抗原、表面抗体。结果HBsAg阳性13名,阳性率0.42%,HBsAg阴性3046名儿童中,HBsAb阳性2027名,阳性率68.02%。为进一步了解不同年龄组、不同性别儿童抗体阳性率情况,随机抽取304名儿童,经χ2检验,男女儿童抗体阳性率差异对比χ2=1.19,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。6～9岁组与10～11岁组儿童抗体阳性率差异对比χ2=17.59,P<0.005,差异有统计学意义。结论在9岁组(则四年级组)开展乙肝加强免疫接种是必要的。

两种不同厂家ELISA试剂检测抗-HIV结果的差异性分析

目的探讨不同厂家酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂检测人免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)结果的差异性。方法同时用两种不同厂家生产的第3代ELISA抗-HIV初筛试剂检测日常标本,初筛阳性结果的标本再用原来的试剂双孔复检排除假阳性,复检阳性的标本送确认实验室做免疫印迹试验(WB试验)确认。结果用A、B两种试剂共检测30批次2 166例标本,经复检A、B两种试剂仍为阳性的标本数分别为9例和19例,其中A、B两种试剂共同阳性反应的标本6例;WB试验确认2例阳性,为A、B两种试剂同时阳性。单独A试剂的阳性预测值为22.22%(2/9),单独B试剂的阳性预测值为10.53%(2/19),两种试剂双阳性标本的阳性预测值为33.33%(2/6)。结论不同厂家ELISA试剂检测抗-HIV结果的阳性预测值有较大差异,同时采用两种试剂检测临床标本能提高阳性预测值。

北京地区TORCH流行病学调查研究

目的分析北京地区TORCH感染情况及流行特点。方法对2429例TORCH结果进行回顾性分析。按性别、年龄及抗体浓度水平进行分组,用SPSS进行统计分析。结果 CMV Ig G、RV Ig G、HSV-I Ig G总阳性率较高。女性CMV Ig M、RV Ig M、Tox Ig G阳性率显著低于男性(P <0.05),其它抗体阳性率间无性别间差异。女性在50~78岁年龄组中,CMV Ig G、HSV-I Ig G阳性率均高于16~29岁、30~34岁、35~49岁三组(P <0.01);RV Ig G在16~29岁组的阳性率高于其他三组,50~78岁组的阳性率低于其他三组(P <0.01)。女性同一个体HSV-I Ig G、RV Ig G、CMV Ig G同时两种抗体阳性者合计578例(占27. 33%);三种抗体共同阳性者为1446例(占68.37%),且三种抗体共同阳性个体中在不同年龄段中的阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论北京地区男女TORCH感染阳性率不同,女性在50~78岁年龄组,CMV Ig G、HSV-I Ig G阳性率显著高于低龄组,随着年龄的增长,RV Ig G阳性率呈下降趋势,且CMV Ig G高浓度水平抗体所占比例逐渐增大,而RV Ig G所占比例逐渐减小。

贵州省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学调查

为弄清近年来贵州省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的免疫情况,科学评价其免疫效果,为该病的防控提供参考,采用间接ELISA方法对2012—2014年贵州省贵阳、遵义、安顺、六盘水、铜仁、毕节、黔南、黔西南及黔东南等9个地州市部分种猪场、商品猪场和散养户所采集的52 682份免疫猪血清进行PRRSV抗体检测。结果表明:PRRSV总体抗体阳性率为2013年(84.69%)>2014年(82.66%)>2012年(75.17%),种猪场(84.25%)>商品猪场(82.94%)>散养户(81.62%),不同地区免疫效果存在较大差异;不同季节PRRS免疫效果存在一定的规律,从春季到秋季抗体阳性率持续降低,冬季逐步回升,即春季猪群的免疫效果最好。

98129例术前四项检测结果的分析

目的通过对98129例样本乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、抗艾滋病病毒抗体(抗-HIV)、抗梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)检测结果的分析,了解2010年至2012年福建省立医院患者四种病原体的感染情况,探讨进行术前四项检测的重要性。方法应用化学发光微粒子免疫法对98129例样本进行HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP的检测。结果 HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP阳性率分别为6.43%、1.68%、0.15%、2.82%。2010-2012年期间,HBsAg、抗-HCV的阳性率呈现递减趋势,感染人群以>30岁患者为主;抗-HIV、抗-TP的阳性率呈现递增趋势,其中HIV感染人群以<60岁患者为主,而TP感染人群以>60岁患者为主。结论进行术前四项检测,有助于及时了解患者的感染情况,对制定感染的预防及治疗措施,避免院内感染的发生具有十分重要的意义。

不同临床分期HIV-1感染者/AIDS患者血样的蛋白印迹试验带型分析

目的分析各临床分期的人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)感染者/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者血清中病毒蛋白抗体的变化,探讨不同临床分期的HIV-1感染者/AIDS患者蛋白印迹试验(WB)的带型特点。方法对汕头市2009至2012年确证的部分HIV-1抗体阳性病例进行CD4+T细胞计数,根据计数结果对病例进行分组:原发感染期组(CD4+≥500/mm3);感染中期组(CD4+≥200/mm3且<500/mm3);AIDS期组(CD4+<200/mm3);对各组的WB结果进行病毒蛋白(p17、p24、p31、p39、gp41、p51、p55、p66、gp120、gp160)抗体的阳性率统计以及带型分析。结果病毒蛋白p24、p31、gp41、p51、p66、gp120和gp160的抗体阳性率较高(总阳性率分别为98.2%、92.0%、90.8%、89.5%、93.3%、98.7%和97.5%),且在3个分期组间未见明显变化(P>0.05);病毒蛋白p17、p39和p55呈现较低的抗体阳性率(总阳性率分别为68.9%、49.1%和42.5%);蛋白p17的阳性率从原发感染期的91.5%降为感染中期的62.8%(P<0.01)及AIDS期59.3%(P<0.01);WB结果中的全带型、缺失p39+p55和缺失p17+p39+p55的带型是3个疾病分期组患者的常见带型;在3个分期组中,原发感染期中全带型出现率最高(60.8%),而缺失p17+p39+p55的出现率最低(6.5%)。结论病毒蛋白p17抗体的阴转可以作为疾病从原发感染期进入感染中期/AIDS期的一个潜在判别指标。

无锡市锡山区人类免疫缺陷病毒和梅毒抗体检测结果分析

目的:了解及掌握锡山区人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和梅毒(TP)感染情况,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。方法:采用酶联免疫法对2010年至2014年锡山区3844份受检者血清标本进行HIV抗体及TP抗体检测并对结果进行分析。结果:3844份血清标本共检出并确认为HIV抗体阳性标本42份,检出率为1.09%。TP阳性标本29份,检出率为0.75%。HIV及TP抗体阳性率男性均高于女性。其中2012年HIV抗体和TP抗体阳性率均为最高,分别为1.64%和1.20%;感染率最高的人群均为阳性者配偶,分别为18.87%和3.77%,其次为男男同性恋者,分别为5.49%和3.05%。结论:今后要加强人群的行为干预,从而有效地遏制艾滋病和梅毒的发生和流行。