Disparities in the Levels of Whole-Blood Epstein-Barr Virus between the Cancer and Non-Cancer Populations in Zhejiang,China

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection in patients with and without cancer.Methods A total of 26,648 participants who underwent whole-blood EBV DNA(WBEBV)assays between January 1,2020,and August 31,2023,were included.The chi-square test was used for categorical data analysis,and R software was used to analyze the differences in EBV DNA load levels and the diagnostic capabilities of WBEBV.Results Positive rates were 10.2%and 25.4%for healthy controls(HC)and patients,respectively.The positivity rate for EBV-associated neoplasms(EN)was the highest at 7.53%,followed by leukemia(Le)at 5.49%.The subgroup analysis showed that the positivity rate for abnormal proliferation or hyperplasia(APH)was 31.9%,followed by 30.5%for Le.The WBEBV of patients with transplants(TP),especially living-related transplants(LT),was the highest among all subgroups.WBEBV at diagnosis was used to differentiate between infectious mononucleosis(IM)and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus(CAEBV),with a sensitivity of 67.4%(95%confidence interval[CI]:57.6-75.8)and specificity of 72%(95%CI:63.3-79.3).We conclude that the prevalence of EBV infection is low in the healthy population in this region and that a high EBV load at baseline is more common in LT,IM,and Lymphocyte Leukemia(LL).Conclusion This study used a large-sample survey to characterize the prevalence of whole-blood EBV levels in various diseases,including the stages and subtypes.The EBV detection rate was higher in patients with malignant disease than in those with benign disease.Our study provides clinicians with baseline information regarding EBV-associated diseases.

Epstein-Barr virus DNA loads in the peripheral blood cells predict the survival of locoregionally-advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients

Objective:Circulating cell-free Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)DNA has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for population screening and prognostic surveillance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Despite important insights into the biology of persistence,few studies have addressed the clinical significance of cell-based EBV-DNA loads in peripheral blood cells(PBCs).Methods:A prospective observational cohort study was conducted involving 1,063 newly diagnosed,locoregionally-advanced NPC patients at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 2005 to 2007.Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the association of PBC EBV DNA loads to overall survival(OS)and other prognostic outcomes.Prognostic nomograms were developed based on PBC EBV DNA loads to predict survival outcomes for NPC patients.Results:After a median follow-up of 108 months,patients with higher PBC EBV-DNA loads had significantly worse OS[hazard ratio(HR)of medium,medium-high,and high vs.low were 1.50,1.52,and 1.85 respectively;Ptrend<0.001].Similar results were found for progression-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival.The concordance index of the prognostic nomogram for predicting OS in the training set and validation set were 0.70 and 0.66,respectively.Our data showed that the PBC EBV DNA load was an independent and robust survival biomarker,which remained significant even after adjusting for plasma EBV DNA loads in a subset of 205 patients of the cohort(HR:1.88;P=0.025).Importantly,a combination of PBC EBV DNA load and plasma EBV DNA load improved the predicted OS.Conclusions:The EBV-DNA load in PBCs may be an independent prognosis marker for NPC patients.

Flow cytometric detection of hepatitis C virus antigens in infected peripheral blood leukocytes: Binding and entry

AIM： We designed two synthetic-core-specific peptides core 1 （C1） and core 2 （C2）, and an E1-specific peptide （El）. We produced specific polyclonal antibodies against these peptides and used the antibodies for detection of HCV antigens on surface and within infected peripheral blood leukocytes. METHODS： Peripheral blood from a healthy individual who tested negative for HCV RNA was incubated with HCV type 4 infected serum for i h and 24 h at 37 ℃. Cells were stained by direct and indirect immunofluorescence and measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS： After 1 h of incubation, antibodies against C1, C2, and El detected HCV antigens on the surface of 27%, 26% and 73% of monocytes respectively, while 10%, 5% and 9% of lymphocytes were positive with anti-C1, anti-C2 and anti-E1 respectively. Only 1-3% of granulocytes showed positive staining with anti-C1, anti-C2 and anti E1 antibodies. After 24 h of incubation, we found no surface staining with anti-C1, anti-C2 or anti-E1. Direct immunostaining using anti-C2 could not detect intracellular HCV antigens, after 1 h of incubation with the virus, while after 24 h of incubation, 28% of infected cells showed positive staining. Only plus strand RNA was detectable intracellularly as early as 1 h after incubation, and remained detectable throughout 48 h post-infection. Interestingly, minus RNA strand could not be detected after 1 h, but became strongly detectable intracellularly after 24 h post-infection. CONCLUSION： Monocytes and lymphocytes are the preferred target cells for HCV infection in peripheral blood leukocytes. Our specific anti-core and anti-E1 antibodies are valuable reagents for demonstration of HCV cell cycle. Also, HCV is capable of infecting and replicating in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as confirmed by detection of minus strand HCV RNA as well as intracellular staining of core HCV antigen.

Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha on hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Six patients with chronic hepatitis B were investigated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA both in serum and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before ,during and after interferon alpha (IFN-a)treatment.All patients responded to IFN therapy with remission of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT).HBV DNA disappeared in serum of 6 and in PBMCs of 5 patients during the treatment with IFN-a. The average elimination period was 5 weeks (range 3-10 weeks) in serum and 15 weeks (range 12-20weeks) in PBMCs. Relapse of serum ALT was seen in one patient with HBV DNA in PBMCs persistently positive during and after treatment with IFN-a. The results showed that clearance of HBV DNA was more difficult in PBMCs than that in serum,and that the persistent appearance of HBV DNA in PBMCs during and after treatment with IFN-a may imply the failure of IFN therapy.

Dynamic changes of HBV DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis patients after lamivudine treatment

AIM： To study the dynamic changes of hepatits B virus （HBV） DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） of patients after lamivudine therapy. METHODS： A total of 72 patients with chronic HBV infection were included in this study. All patients were confirmed to have the following conditions： above 16 years of age, elevated serum alanine amonotransferase （ALT）, positive hepatitis B e antigen （HBeAg）, positive HBV DNA in serum and PBMCs, negative antibodies against HAV, HCV, HDV, HEV. Other possible causes of chronic liver damages, such as drugs, alcohol and autoimmune diseases were excluded. Seventy-two cases were randomly divided into lamivudine treatment group （n = 42） and control group （n = 30）. HBV DNA was detected both in serum and in PBMCs by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, during and after lamivudine treatment. RESULTS： In the treatment group, HBV DNA became negative both in serum and in PBMC, of, 38 and 25 out of 42 cases respectively during the 48 wk oflamivudine treatment, the negative rate was 90.5% and 59.5% respectively. In the control group, the negative rate was 23.3% and 16.7% respectively. It was statistically significant at 12, 24 and 48 wk as compared with the control group （P 〈 0.005）. The average conversion period of HBV DNA was 6 wk （2-8 wk） in serum and 16 wk （8-24 wk） in PBMC.CONCLUSION： Lamivudine has remarkable effects on HBV replication both in serum and The inhibitory effect on HBV DNA in PBMCs than that in serum inhibitory in PBMCs. is weaker

Analysis of peripheral blood dendritic cells as a non-invasivetool in the follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) has a high propensity to establish chronic infections. Failure of HCV-infected individuals to activate effective antiviral immune responses is at least in part related to HCV-induced impairment of dendritic cells(DCs) that play a central role in activating T cell responses. Although the impact of HCV on DC phenotype and function is likely to be more prominent in the liver, major HCV-induced alterations are detectable in peripheral blood DCs(pb DCs) that represent the most accessible source of DCs. These alterations include numerical reduction, impaired production of inflammatory cytokines and increased production of immunosuppressive IL10. These changes in DCs are relevant to our understanding the immune mechanisms underlying the propensity of HCV to establish persistent infection. Importantly, the noninvasive accessibility of pb DCs renders the analysis of these cells a convenient procedure that can be serially repeated in patient follow-up. Accordingly, the study of pb DCs in HCV-infected patients during conventional treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin indicated that restoration of normal plasmacytoid DC count may represent an additional mechanism contributing to the efficacy of the dual therapy. It also identified the pre-treatment levels of plasmacytoid DCs and IL10 as putative predictors of response to therapy. Treatment of chronic HCV infection is changing, as new generation direct-acting antiviral agents will soon be available for use in interferon-free therapeutic strategies. The phenotypic and functional analysis of pb DCs in this novel therapeutic setting will provide a valuable tool for investigating mechanisms underlying treatment efficacy and for identifying predictors of treatment response.

Hepatitis G Viral RNA Co-infection in Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Hepatitis C

The incidence of the co-infection of hepatitis G virus (HGV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its clinical implication was investigated and the difference in the positive rate of HGV RNA and HCV RNA between plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) observed. By using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, HCV-RNA and HGV-RNA in plasma and PBMCs of 72 patients with hepatitis C was detected. It was showed that HGV RNA was positive in plasma of 11 patients, in PBMCs of 15 patients, and simultaneously in both of plasma and PBMCs of 10 patients with the co-infection rate being 22.2 %. Nine patients were both HGV RNA and HCV RNA positive in plasma, 11 patients were both HGV RNA and HCV RNA positive in PBMC, and 6 patients were both HGV RNA and HCV RNA positive in both plasma and PBMC with the positive rate being 12.4 %,15.3 % and 8.3 % respectively. The positive rate of both HGV RNA and HCV RNA in PBMCs was higher than in plasma. It was concluded that the HGV co-infection rate in the patients with hepatitis C was 22.2 %. Simultaneous examination of plasma and PBMC can improve clinically detectable rate.

Detection of Replicative Form of HCV RNA in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Its Clinical Significance

Nested RT-PCR, done by using degenerated primer pair, was used to detect hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV RNA) in serum, plasma, liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 30 patients with acute and chronic posttransfusion hepatitis C and 7 asymptomatic anti-HCV positive subjects. The results showed that the percentages of both the plus and minus strands of HCV RNA in PBMC of the patients with chronic hepatitis C was significantly higher than that with acute hepatitis C and asymptomatic anti-HCV positive subjects ( P<0.05-0.001). In 17 patients who were subjected to biopsy, the positive rate of the both strands of HCV RNA in PBMC of the patients with AH was lower than that of CAH ( P<0.05). In serum and plasma of all 37 cases, the minus strand of HCV RNA was not detected. Both plus and minus strands in liver of one patient with AH were positive , but the minus strand in PBMC negative. In 6 patients with CAH whose both strands in liver were positive,Both strands in PBMC in 5 patients were also found. The present data confirmed that PBMC of the patients with hepatitis C were infected by HCV and the longer the infection time, the bigger the possibility of PBMC infection by HCV. The patients with active liver disease (CAH) had higher positive rate of minus strands of HCV RNA in PBMC. The results suggested that HCV may not only infect PBMC but also replicate in PBMC , and that the occurrence of minus strand of HCV RNA is associated with activity of liver disease.

Potential mechanisms of hepatitis B virus induced liver injury

Chronic active hepatitis(CAH) is acknowledged as an imperative risk factor for the development of liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma.The histological end points of CAH are chronic inflammation,fibrosis and cirrhosis which are coupled with increased DNA synthesis in cirrhotic vs healthy normal livers.The potential mechanism involved in CAH includes a combination of processes leading to liver cell necrosis,inflammation and cytokine production and liver scaring(fibrosis).The severity of liver damage is regulated by Hepatitis B virus genotypes and viral components.The viral and cellular factors that contribute to liver injury are discussed in this article.Liver injury caused by the viral infection affects many cellular processes such as cell signaling,apoptosis,transcription,DNA repair which in turn induce radical effects on cell survival,growth,transformation and maintenance.The consequence of such perturbations is resulted in the alteration of bile secretion,gluconeogenesis,glycolysis,detoxification and metabolism of carbohydrates,proteins,fat and balance of nutrients.The identification and elucidation of the molecular pathways perturbed by the viral proteins are important in order to design effective strategy to minimize and/or restore the hepatocytes injury.

Distribution of different hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with hepatitis C virus infection

AIM:To investigate the presence of mixed infection and discrepancy between hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotypes in plasma,peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),and liver biopsy specimens.METHODS:From September 2008 up to April 2009,133 patients with chronic hepatitis C referred to Firouzgar Hospital for initiation of an antiviral therapy were recruited in the study.Five milliliters of peripheral blood was collected from each patient and liver biopsy was performed in those who gave consent or had indications.HCV genotyping was done using INNO-LiPATM HCV in serum,PBMCs,and liver biopsy specimens and then conf irmed by sequencing of 5'-UTR fragments.RESULTS:The mean age of patients was 30.3 ± 17.1 years.Multiple transfusion was seen in 124(93.2%) of patients.Multiple HCV genotypes were found in 3(2.3%) of 133 plasma samples,9(6.8%) of 133 PBMC samples,and 8(18.2%) of 44 liver biopsy specimens.It is notable that the different genotypes found in PBMCs were not the same as those found in plasma and liver biopsy specimens.CONCLUSION:Our study shows that a signif icant proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C are affected by multiple HCV genotypes which may not be detectable only in serum of patients.

New perspectives in occult hepatitis C virus infection

Occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, defined as the presence of HCV RNA in liver and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the absence of detectable viral RNA in serum by standard assays, can be found in anti-HCV positive patients with normal serum levels of liver enzymes and in anti-HCV negative patients with persistently elevated liver enzymes of unknown etiology. Occult HCV infection is distributed worldwide and all HCV genotypes seem to be involved in this infection. Occult hepatitis C has been found not only in anti-HCV positive subjects with normal values of liver enzymes or in chronic hepatitis of unknown origin but also in several groups at risk for HCV infection such as hemodialysis patients or family members of patients with occult HCV. This occult infection has been reported also in healthy populations without evidence of liver disease. Occult HCV infection seems to be less aggressive than chronic hepatitis C although patients affected by occult HCV may develop liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, anti-HCV negative patients with occult HCV may benefit from antiviral therapy with pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin. The persistence of very low levels of HCV RNA in serum and in PBMCs, along with the maintenance of specific T-cell responses against HCV-antigens observed during a long-term follow-up of patients with occult hepatitis C, indicate that occult HCV is a persistent infection that is not spontaneously eradicated. This is an updated report on diagnosis, epidemiology and clinical implications of occult HCV with special emphasis on anti-HCV negative cases.

Global prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C infection(OCI)is characterized by the presence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)RNA in the liver,peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and/or ultracentrifuged serum in the absence of detectable HCV-RNA in serum.OCI has been described in several categories of populations including hemodialysis patients,patients with a sustained virological response,immunocompromised individuals,patients with abnormal hepatic function,and apparently healthy subjects.AIM To highlight the global prevalence of OCI.METHODS We performed a systematic and comprehensive literature search in the following 4 electronic databases PubMed,EMBASE,Global Index Medicus,and Web of Science up to 6th May 2021 to retrieve relevant studies published in the field.Included studies were unrestricted population categories with known RNA status in serum,PBMC,liver tissue and/or ultracentrifuged serum.Data were extracted independently by each author and the Hoy et al tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies.We used the random-effect meta-analysis model to estimate the proportions of OCI and their 95%confidence intervals(95%CI).The Cochran's Q-test and the I2 test statistics were used to assess heterogeneity between studies.Funnel plot and Egger test were used to examine publication bias.R software version 4.1.0 was used for all analyses.RESULTS The electronic search resulted in 3950 articles.We obtained 102 prevalence data from 85 included studies.The pooled prevalence of seronegative OCI was estimated to be 9.61%(95%CI:6.84-12.73)with substantial heterogeneity[I^(2)=94.7%(95%CI:93.8%-95.4%),P<0.0001].Seropositive OCI prevalence was estimated to be 13.39%(95%CI:7.85-19.99)with substantial heterogeneity[I^(2)=93.0%(90.8%-94.7%)].Higher seronegative OCI prevalence was found in Southern Europe and Northern Africa,and in patients with abnormal liver function,hematological disorders,and kidney diseases.Higher seropositive OCI prevalence was found in Southern Europe,Northern America,and Northern Africa.CONCLUSION In conclusion,in the present study,it appears that the burden of OCI is high and variable across the different regions and population categories.Further studies on OCI are needed to assess the transmissibility,clinical significance,long-term outcome,and need for treatment.

黄芪甲苷对人外周血单个核细胞内HBV表达的影响

目的:探索黄芪甲苷对乙肝后肝硬化患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)内HBV表达的影响。方法:选取2019年2月—2022年2月于江西省人民医院就诊的20例乙肝后肝硬化患者,分离并培养外周血单个核细胞,依据培养液所含药物类型分为对照组、拉米夫定组、黄芪甲苷组。拉米夫定组和黄芪甲苷组又根据药物终浓度各分为低、中、高浓度3个亚组。培养1周后,分别检测各组HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV-DNA、HBV-cccDNA表达。结果:与对照组相比,黄芪甲苷各浓度组HBsAg表达量均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);黄芪甲苷各浓度组HBeAg表达量无统计学差异(P>0.05),黄芪甲苷低浓度组HBV-DNA表达量无统计学差异(P>0.05),黄芪甲苷中、高浓度组HBV-DNA表达量显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),黄芪甲苷各浓度组HBV-cccDNA表达量无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,拉米夫定各浓度组HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV-DNA表达量均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);拉米夫定低浓度组HBV-cccDNA表达量无统计学差异(P>0.05),拉米夫定中、高浓度组HBV-cccDNA表达量显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman检验分析提示黄芪甲苷浓度与HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV-DNA、HBV-cccDNA表达量呈线性负相关,其中与HBsAg、HBV-DNA的负相关性有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪甲苷能够在一定程度上抑制乙肝后肝硬化患者PBMC中HBV的复制,能为解决肝移植术后HBV复发提供新的治疗思路。

慢性乙型肝炎者外周血SAA/CRP、NLR水平与HBV-DNA载量、病情程度的相关性分析

目的探究慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者外周血淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A,SAA)与C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)比值(SAA/CRP)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophils lymphocytes ratio,NLR)水平与乙型肝炎病毒-脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)载量及病情程度的相关性。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月达州市中西医结合医院100例CHB患者作为研究组,根据病情程度分为轻度(单纯CHB,n=36)、中度(乙肝代偿期肝硬化,n=33)和重度(乙肝失代偿期肝硬化,n=31)。另选同期、同年龄段50例健康志愿者作为对照组,比较研究组不同病情程度、对照组一般资料、血清SAA/CRP、NLR水平,并比较研究组不同HBV-DNA载量患者血清SAA/CRP、NLR水平,分析CHB患者血清SAA/CRP、NLR水平与HBV-DNA载量、病情程度的相关性;所有患者均行抗病毒治疗,治疗24周,比较不同抗病毒疗效患者治疗前、治疗后12周、24周血清SAA/CRP、NLR水平及变化值,分析治疗前后血清SAA/CRP、NLR水平变化值预测疗效的价值。结果重度CHB患者血清SAA/CRP、NLR水平>中度CHB患者>轻度CHB患者>健康人群(P<0.05);高载量患者血清SAA/CRP、NLR水平>中载量患者>轻载量患者(P<0.05);CHB患者血清SAA/CRP、NLR水平与HBV-DNA载量(r=0.756、0.709)、病情程度(r=0.776、0.745)呈正相关(P<0.05);无应答患者治疗后12周、24周外周血SAA/CRP、NLR水平均高于应答患者,变化值均低于应答患者(P<0.05);SAA/CRP△1、NLR△1单独预测的AUC分别为0.752、0.773,联合预测△1的AUC为0.861;SAA/CRP△2、NLR△2单独预测的AUC分别为0.796、0.819,联合预测△2的AUC为0.967,大于联合预测△1的AUC(P<0.05)。结论CHB患者的SAA/CRP、NLR与CHB HBV-DNA载量及病情程度具有相关性,临床可通过其水平变化评估病情及预测预后。

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血B淋巴细胞亚群的变化特征及临床意义

目的观察慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血B淋巴细胞(B细胞)亚群的变化特征,并探讨其临床意义。方法收集2022年7-10月在解放军总医院第五医学中心就诊的37例CHB未治疗患者的外周血标本,同时收集18名接种过乙肝疫苗的健康人外周血标本作为健康对照(HC),并收集研究对象的年龄、HBV DNA病毒载量、HBsAg定量、HBeAg半定量、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及AST/ALT比值等临床指标。采用多色流式细胞术检测并比较两组外周血B细胞及各亚群的频率、表型及功能标志物的变化特征,并探究其与临床指标之间的相关性。结果B细胞各亚群频率分析显示,与HC组比较,CHB组整体B细胞、过渡B细胞及幼稚B细胞频率均降低(P<0.05),而成熟B细胞、记忆B细胞、非典型记忆B细胞及激活记忆B细胞频率均升高(P<0.01);两组静息记忆B细胞频率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B细胞各亚群功能分析显示,与HC组比较,CHB组整体B细胞、成熟B细胞、记忆B细胞、幼稚B细胞、激活记忆B细胞、非典型记忆B细胞及静息记忆B细胞的CD79b表达水平均升高(P<0.05);此外,CHB组非典型记忆B细胞的程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)表达水平也高于HC组(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,CHB组整体B细胞频率与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.39,P<0.05),且整体B细胞、成熟B细胞、过渡B细胞、记忆B细胞、幼稚B细胞的PD-1表达水平与年龄均呈正相关(r>0.36,P<0.05)。结论慢性HBV感染导致CHB患者外周血部分B细胞的频率及功能发生耗竭,而年龄是导致CHB患者体液免疫功能下降的潜在危险因素。

PBMCs中miR-21、miR-223表达与HIV/AIDS患者抗逆转录病毒治疗效果的相关性

目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者抗逆转录病毒治疗效果与外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中微小RNA(miR)-21、miR-223表达水平的关系。方法选取2020年3月至2022年3月期间南通市第三人民医院门诊就诊行抗逆转录病毒治疗的142例HIV/AIDS患者为观察组,根据其治疗效果分为有效组(n=110)和无效组(n=32);选取同期体检健康者139例为对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法检测PBMCs中miR-21、miR-223表达水平;采用多因素Logistic回归分析HIV/AIDS患者抗逆转录病毒治疗无效的影响因素。结果观察组PBMCs中miR-21、miR-223表达水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。无效组治疗后3个月、治疗后6个月、治疗后12个月的PBMCs中miR-21、miR-223表达水平均高于有效组(P<0.05)。有效组随治疗时间延长,PBMCs中miR-21、miR-223表达水平逐渐降低(P<0.05)。无效组治疗前世界卫生组织(WHO)分期3期患者比例高于有效组(P<0.05)。miR-21、miR-223、治疗前WHO分期3期是影响HIV/AIDS患者抗逆转录病毒治疗无效的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论miR-21、miR-223在一定程度上可反映HIV/AIDS患者抗逆转录病毒治疗效果,治疗无效患者PBMCs中miR-21、miR-223表达水平相对较高。

外周血异型淋巴细胞比例联合EB病毒DNA载量在小儿传染性单核细胞增多症诊断中的应用

目的研究外周血异型淋巴细胞比例(ALY)联合EB病毒DNA载量(EBV-DNA)在小儿传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)诊断中的应用。方法选择2020年3月—2022年3月龙岩人民医院收治的62例IM患儿作为IM组,另外选择同期在龙岩人民医院进行健康体检的62例健康儿童作为健康对照组。采用显微镜检测两组患儿外周血ALY、淋巴细胞计数(LYM)、淋巴细胞比例(LYM%);采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测两组EBV-DNA;采用Pearson相关系数分析LYM、LYM%、外周血ALY与EBV-DNA的相关性;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)并计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC),考察外周血ALY联合EBV-DNA检测对IM的诊断价值。结果IM组患儿的外周血ALY、LYM、LYM%以及EBV-DNA水平均明显高于健康对照组〔外周血ALY:(25.62±8.31)%比(18.01±4.62)%;LYM(×10~7/mL):8.35±2.61比5.54±0.34;LYM%:(50.35±10.36)%比(37.69±6.31)%;EBV-DNA(拷贝/mL):7.85±2.64比5.31±1.10;均P<0.05〕。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,IM组患儿的LYM、LYM%、外周血ALY与EBV-DNA均呈正相关(r值分别为0.424、0.490、0.632,P值分别为0.016、0.010、0.008)。外周血ALY诊断小儿IM的AUC为0.773,95%可信区间(95%CI)为0.680~0.866,敏感度为48.00%,特异度为72.00%;EBV-DNA诊断小儿IM的AUC为0.810,95%CI为0.718~0.902,敏感度为60.00%,特异度为96.00%;外周血ALY与EBV-DNA联合检测诊断小儿IM的AUC最高,为0.904,95%CI为0.843~0.964,敏感度为90.00%,特异度为92.00%。结论IM患儿外周血ALY和EBV-DNA均显著增高,二者联合检测能够辅助诊断IM。

外周血宏基因组二代测序诊断人类免疫缺陷病毒合并耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎一例报告并文献复习

患者男,24岁,因发热、咳嗽、咳痰、全身酸痛20余天,加重伴喘憋5 d就诊。2021年12月16日住院诊治,经胸部平扫CT检查,见双肺弥漫片状高密度影;根据外周血淋巴细胞亚群分析结果诊断为人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV);后通过检验外周血宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)确诊为耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP);给予复方新诺明治疗后,体温恢复正常,咳嗽、咳痰明显好转,出院。

学龄前儿童细菌感染诊断中血清SAA、外周血CD64指数检测价值

目的研究学龄前儿童细菌感染诊断中血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)与外周血CD64指数检测价值。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月海南省妇女儿童医学中心收治入院的80例患感染性病症的学龄前患儿,根据感染的病原体的不同分为细菌感染组(n=40)与病毒感染组(n=40);同时将同一时期入院进行体检的40名健康儿童设为对照组。比较3组儿童血清SAA水平、外周血CD64指数及阳性率,同时比较细菌感染组患儿使用抗生素治疗前后的血清SAA水平、外周血CD64指数,并比较血清SAA水平和CD64指数对细菌感染的诊断特异度、灵敏度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果细菌感染组血清SAA水平、外周血CD64指数分别为(308.07±49.85)mg/L、17.32±3.61,病毒感染组血清SAA水平、外周血CD64指数分别为(84.96±15.78)mg/L、3.36±0.77,对照组SAA水平、外周血CD64指数分别为(3.99±1.08)mg/L、3.24±0.74;细菌感染组患儿血清SAA水平、外周血CD64指数均明显高于病毒感染组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);病毒感染组患儿血清SAA水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细菌感染组血清SAA、CD64指数阳性率分别为95.00%、85.00%,病毒感染组血清SAA、CD64指数阳性率分别为70.00%、12.50%,对照组血清SAA、CD64指数阳性率分别为10.00%、5.00%;细菌感染组患儿血清SAA、CD64指数阳性率均明显高于病毒感染组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);病毒感染组患儿SAA阳性率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细菌感染组患儿治疗后血清SAA水平、外周血CD64指数分别为(6.91±1.79)mg/L、3.48±1.23,均明显低于治疗前[(323.92±48.63)mg/L、17.49±5.62],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。外周血CD64指数在细菌感染诊断中的阳性预测值、特异度均明显高于血清SAA,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清SAA与外周血CD64指数检测有助于学龄前儿童细菌感染的早期诊断及疗效评估,且外周血CD64指数的诊断阳性预测值、特异度较血清SAA更优。

H1N1亚型流感病毒诱导外周血单个核细胞凋亡研究

A型流感病毒能诱导淋巴细胞、单核巨噬细胞的凋亡,为进一步探讨淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞在凋亡中可能存在的相互作用,用H1N1亚型流感病毒诱导人外周血淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞的凋亡.结果显示,前48h,H1N1流感病毒能诱导淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞的凋亡,但在培养48h后,流感病毒对单核巨噬细胞表现为凋亡抑制作用,同时流感病毒对淋巴细胞吸附不同时间后,荧光染色和流式细胞术检测凋亡未见明显差异,说明细胞凋亡与病毒吸附时间长短并无相关性.检测p53抑制剂Pifithrin-α(PFT-α)加入前后淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞的凋亡情况,结果显示,淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞的凋亡均被抑制,提示通过p53诱导的凋亡可能是流感病毒诱导细胞凋亡的一条重要途径.