Carbon nanotubes have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, the identification of these nanomaterials disperses in biological solutions and their direct interaction with nerve cells is still controve...Carbon nanotubes have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, the identification of these nanomaterials disperses in biological solutions and their direct interaction with nerve cells is still controversial. The aim of this work is to characterize the topographic and ultra-structural distribution of the composite made of multi wall carbon nanotubes-polyvinylpyrrolidone (MWCNTs-PVP) deposited on the Helix aspersa neurons and over glass coverslip. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Microscopy (CM) studies were done to analyze the properties of such MWCNTs-PVP composite. The cerebral ganglion of Helix aspersa was treated and incubated with MWCNTs-PVP, fixing it in paraformaldehyde at 4% and was observed with SEM and CM. Although the nanotubes were not labeled or stained with fluorescent compounds, the MWCNTs-PVP deposited on glass and on nerve cells, was observed by the confocal microscope in the reflection mode. In SEM studies, it was observed that MWCNTs-PVP was attached to the surface on neurons. Moreover, in CM studies, it was possible to observe that MWCNTs-PVP was attached to the neuronal membrane, crossing the cell membrane and getting into the cytoplasm. These results support the hypothesis that carbon nanotubes interact with the neuronal cell membrane and can be useful for neuronal tissue engineering. In addition, these results open new alternatives for toxicological studies, in order to elucidate the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs-PVP composite in neurons and other excitable cells.展开更多
Neuropathologies include the deterioration and damage of the nervous system,especially neurons present in the brain,spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.Damage or alternations in neurons makes their structure and...Neuropathologies include the deterioration and damage of the nervous system,especially neurons present in the brain,spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.Damage or alternations in neurons makes their structure and functionality abnormal.Every year over 90,000 people get affected by neurodegenerative diseases in the USA.Among all the neurological pathologies,展开更多
Mechanical stimulation,such as fluid-induced wall shear stress(WSS),is known that can influence the cellular behaviours.Therefore,in some tissue engineering experiments in vitro,mechanical stimulation is applied via b...Mechanical stimulation,such as fluid-induced wall shear stress(WSS),is known that can influence the cellular behaviours.Therefore,in some tissue engineering experiments in vitro,mechanical stimulation is applied via bioreactors to the cells in cell culturing to study cell physiology and pathology.In 3D cell culturing,porous scaffolds are used for housing the cells.It is known that the scaffold porous geometries can influence the scaffold permeability and internal WSS in a bioreactor(such as perfusion bioreactor).To calculate the WSS generated on cells within scaffolds,usually computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation is needed.However,the limitations of the computational method for WSS calculation are:(i)the high time cost of the CFD simulation(in particular for the highly irregular geometries);(ii)accessibility to the CFD model for some cell culturing experimentalists due to the knowledge gap.To address these limitations,this study aims to develop an empirical model for calculating the WSS based on scaffold permeability.This model can allow the tissue engineers to efficiently calculate the WSS generated within the scaffold and/or determine the bioreactor loading without performing the computational simulations.展开更多
文摘Carbon nanotubes have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. However, the identification of these nanomaterials disperses in biological solutions and their direct interaction with nerve cells is still controversial. The aim of this work is to characterize the topographic and ultra-structural distribution of the composite made of multi wall carbon nanotubes-polyvinylpyrrolidone (MWCNTs-PVP) deposited on the Helix aspersa neurons and over glass coverslip. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Microscopy (CM) studies were done to analyze the properties of such MWCNTs-PVP composite. The cerebral ganglion of Helix aspersa was treated and incubated with MWCNTs-PVP, fixing it in paraformaldehyde at 4% and was observed with SEM and CM. Although the nanotubes were not labeled or stained with fluorescent compounds, the MWCNTs-PVP deposited on glass and on nerve cells, was observed by the confocal microscope in the reflection mode. In SEM studies, it was observed that MWCNTs-PVP was attached to the surface on neurons. Moreover, in CM studies, it was possible to observe that MWCNTs-PVP was attached to the neuronal membrane, crossing the cell membrane and getting into the cytoplasm. These results support the hypothesis that carbon nanotubes interact with the neuronal cell membrane and can be useful for neuronal tissue engineering. In addition, these results open new alternatives for toxicological studies, in order to elucidate the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs-PVP composite in neurons and other excitable cells.
文摘Neuropathologies include the deterioration and damage of the nervous system,especially neurons present in the brain,spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.Damage or alternations in neurons makes their structure and functionality abnormal.Every year over 90,000 people get affected by neurodegenerative diseases in the USA.Among all the neurological pathologies,
基金This study was supported by the Royal Society Research Grant(reference code:RGS/R2/212,280)Swansea University IMPACT–Green Recovery funding.Matthew Bedding-Tyrrell is supported by EPSRC–Doctoral Training Partnership(DTP)scholarship(reference code:EP/T517987/1-2573181)。
文摘Mechanical stimulation,such as fluid-induced wall shear stress(WSS),is known that can influence the cellular behaviours.Therefore,in some tissue engineering experiments in vitro,mechanical stimulation is applied via bioreactors to the cells in cell culturing to study cell physiology and pathology.In 3D cell culturing,porous scaffolds are used for housing the cells.It is known that the scaffold porous geometries can influence the scaffold permeability and internal WSS in a bioreactor(such as perfusion bioreactor).To calculate the WSS generated on cells within scaffolds,usually computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation is needed.However,the limitations of the computational method for WSS calculation are:(i)the high time cost of the CFD simulation(in particular for the highly irregular geometries);(ii)accessibility to the CFD model for some cell culturing experimentalists due to the knowledge gap.To address these limitations,this study aims to develop an empirical model for calculating the WSS based on scaffold permeability.This model can allow the tissue engineers to efficiently calculate the WSS generated within the scaffold and/or determine the bioreactor loading without performing the computational simulations.
