Nurses'experiences in voluntary error reporting:An integrative literature review

Objective:This integrative review aimed to examine and understand nurses’experiences of voluntary error reporting(VER)and elucidate factors underlying their decision to engage in VER.Method:This is an integrative review based on Whittemore&Knafl five-stage framework.A systematic search guided by the PRISMA 2020 approach was performed on four electronic databases:CINAHL,Medline(PubMed),Scopus,and Embase.Peer-reviewed articles published in the English language from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrieved and screened for relevancy.Results:Totally 31 papers were included in this review following the quality appraisal.A constant comparative approach was used to synthesize findings of eligible studies to report nurses'experiences of VER represented by three major themes:nurses'beliefs,behavior,and sentiments towards VER;nurses'perceived enabling factors of VER and nurses'perceived inhibiting factors of VER.Findings of this review revealed that nurses’experiences of VER were less than ideal.Firstly,these negative experiences were accounted for by the interplays of factors that influenced their attitudes,perceptions,emotions,and practices.Additionally,their negative experiences were underpinned by a spectrum of system,administrative and organizational factors that focuses on attributing the error to human failure characterized by an unsupportive,blaming,and punitive approach to error management.Conclusion:Findings of this review add to the body of knowledge to inform on the areas of focus to guide nursing management perspectives to strengthen institutional efforts to improve nurses'recognition,reception,and contribution towards VER.It is recommended that nursing leaders prioritize and invest in strategies to enhance existing institutional error management approaches to establish a just and open patient safety culture that would promote positivity in nurses’overall experiences towards VER.

Error reporting in the emergency department:do we do what we say we do?

BACKGROUND:The Joint Commission accreditation manual contains standards in improving organization performance related to report and review of patient care issues causing unexpected harm.In spite of regulations mandating reporting,it remains inconsistent,varying by provider type and hospital.Our purpose was to determine current attitudes,knowledge,and practice of error reporting among emergency department(ED) providers.METHODS:We administered a survey assessing ED staff practice regarding error reporting.Questions involved reporting of errors in which the practitioner was directly involved,errors the practitioner observed,and general awareness of reporting mandates.We also questioned individuals regarding fear of repercussions for reporting.RESULTS:Fifty-two surveys were returned.For most errors,providers were more likely to tell their supervisor about the issue than to tell the patient.Seventeen percent of respondents did not think that referring errors for review was their job.Only 31%of respondents were aware of standardized institution-wide pathways to report errors.Any respondent who was aware of the institution-wide pathway also felt responsibility for error reporting.Thirty-three percent of the respondents were concerned about negative repercussions from reporting errors.In querying the hospital reporting system,263 cases were referred for quality issues over the previous year,51%of them were referred by nurses,27%by medical technicians(MTs),2%by mid-level providers(MLPs),1%by physicians,and 19%by other personnel.CONCLUSION:Although most of the ED staff are responsible for patient safety,most are not aware of systems available to assist in reporting,and even many do not utilize those systems.

Throughput optimization for multi-channel cooperative CR under reporting channel errors

To overcome the problem of channel fading and noise uncertainty,cooperative spectrum sensing(CSS)is developed to enhance the sensing performance in cognitive radio networks(CRNs).Considering that the non-ideal reporting channels of CSS can cause an adverse impact on the detection performance,the throughput maximization problem for multi-channel CSS cognitive radio under reporting channel errors is investigated.While providing all the primary users with sufficient protection,the average throughput of secondary users(SUs)is maximized by jointly optimizing the sensing duration,detection threshold and SU assignment.To address the non-convex optimization problem,the optimal energy detection threshold is derived first.Then,a sub-optimal greedy algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal sensing duration and the optimal SU assignment.Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can output the same performance as the exhaustive search algorithm at a much lower level of complexity.It is also shown that the impact of imperfect reporting channels should be considered especially in low signal-to-noise ratio environments and the reporting channel errors significantly reduce the performance of CSS.