Biopolymer Entering into and Escaping from a Nanometer Pore

We theoretically investigated negative entropy S of biopolymer which passes through a nanometer pore（such as a-hemolysin）, especially entering process and escaping process, on the basis of which we also studied biopolymer entering-pore time rent, biopolymer entering mean velocity Vent, biopolymer escaping-pore time resc, and biopolymer escaping mean velocity vesc, respectively. Our results illustrate that the entering and escaping processes of biopolymer depend on its negative entropy, and entering process is more difficult than escaping process for biopolymer translocation. This tremendous difference between the two processes will offer a useful engineering hint for single macromolecule identification.

A Plan to Reclaim Deuterons Escaping from the Loss Cone of a Magnetic Mirror

Research on magnetic mirror reactors has had two serious problems since the beginning stage. One is the magnetohydrodynamic instability due to the negative curvature of the magnetic field lines around the center region of a mirror bottle. Another is the loss of charged particles escaping from the loss cone of a magnetic mirror. We have continued to inquire into a means to solve the latter problem. We here propose a new way which will be able to make a magnitude of a loss angle of a magnetic mirror for deuterons virtually zero.

The Escaping and Returning of“The Swimmer”from the Symbolic Point of View

"The Swimmer"is the representative of John Cheever and it is one of the most famous short stories in present America.The story is simple and it is not long, but it has profound meaning because many imageries are been used in the story. It tries to analyze the escaping and returning from the symbolic point of view, for escaping is an important motif in modern society and in the end, only returning can realize self-redemption.

Escape room游戏宣教对阴道分娩初产妇分娩恐惧及产程进展的影响

目的探究Escape room游戏宣教对阴道分娩初产妇分娩恐惧及产程进展的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取本院2021年1月—2022年6月收治的140例阴道分娩初产妇为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各70例。对照组采取常规教育模式,观察组在常规护理基础上应用Escape room游戏宣教,比较两组初产妇分娩恐惧水平、产程进展。结果观察组分娩恐惧中高水平初产妇占比为57.14%小于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组初产妇第一产程时间、第二产程时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组第三产程时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Escape room游戏宣教在阴道分娩初产妇中的应用,能缓解产妇分娩恐惧情绪,可一定程度上加快产程进展。

Present-day Upper-crustal Strain Rate Field in Southeastern Tibet and its Geodynamic Implications:Constraints from GPS Measurements with ABIC Method

The Earth’s surface kinematics and deformation are fundamental to understanding crustal evolution.An effective research approach is to estimate regional motion field and deformation fields based on modern geodetic networks.If the discrete observed velocity field is obtained,the velocity related fields,such as dilatation rate and maximum shear strain rate,can be estimated by applying varied mathematical approaches.This study applied Akaike's Bayesian Information Criterion(ABIC)method to calculate strain rate fields constrained by GPS observations in the southeast Tibetan Plateau.Comparison with results derived from other three methods revealed that our ABIC-derived strain rate fields were more precise.The maximum shear strain rate highlighted the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault system as the main boundary for the outward migration of material in southeastern Tibet,indicating rotation of eastern Tibet material around the eastern Himalaya rather than whole extrusion along a fixed channel.Additionally,distinct dilatation rate patterns in the northeast and southwest regions of the fault system were observed.The northeast region,represented by the Longmenshan area,exhibited negative dilatational anomalies;while the southwest region,represented by the Jinsha River area north of 29°N,displayed positive dilatational anomalies.This indicates compression in the former and extension in the latter.Combined with deep geophysical observations,we believe that the upper and lower crusts of the Jinsha River area north of 29°N are in an entire expanding state,probably caused by the escape-drag effect of material.The presence of a large,low-viscosity region south of 29°N may not enable the entire escape of the crust,but instead result in a differential escape of the lower crust faster than the upper crust.

Physical mechanism of secondary-electron emission in Si wafers

CMOS-compatible RF/microwave devices,such as filters and amplifiers,have been widely used in wireless communication systems.However,secondary-electron emission phenomena often occur in RF/microwave devices based on silicon(Si)wafers,especially in the high-frequency range.In this paper,we have studied the major factors that influence the secondary-electron yield(SEY)in commercial Si wafers with different doping concentrations.We show that the SEY is suppressed as the doping concentration increases,corresponding to a relatively short effective escape depthλ.Meanwhile,the reduced narrow band gap is beneficial in suppressing the SEY,in which the absence of a shallow energy band below the conduction band will easily capture electrons,as revealed by first-principles calculations.Thus,the new physical mechanism combined with the effective escape depth and band gap can provide useful guidance for the design of integrated RF/microwave devices based on Si wafers.

Correction:The escape mechanisms of the proto-atmosphere on terrestrial planets:“boil-off”escape,hydrodynamic escape and impact erosion

In the original publication of the article,the affiliation“College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People’s Republic of China”for author Ziqi Wang was missing and included in this correction article.

When Fleeing Matters:Differences in Escape Behaviours of Three Northeast Asian Anurans

Prey species may have their own optimal escape strategy to balance predation risks and the energetic cost of fleeing.Some species have an advantage when maintaining a short fleeing distance,while others may favour an earlier escape based on microhabitat,size,or body condition.Here,we examined the escape behaviour of the three syntopic Northeast Asian anuran species:Mongolian toads(Strauchbufo raddei),Amur brown frogs(Rana amurensis),and Japanese treefrogs(Dryophytes japonicus)in Mongolia,Russia,China and DPR Korea.We examined flight initiation distance(FID;the distance from a potential predator to the point when the individual starts to flee)and distance fled(DF;distance between flight initiation and flight termination points)of each species and the effects of microhabitat,sex,and body size.Strauchbufo raddei and R.amurensis had a longer FID than D.japonicus,and S.raddei also had a longer DF than D.japonicus.These trends remained similar when dividing FID and DF by a size proxy(snout-vent length)for all individuals.This suggests that the treefrog D.japonicus used a strategy to stay immobile even when they were detected,and the toad S.raddei reacted quicker and more sensitively to predators despite the presence of toxin.Female S.raddei had a significantly longer FID than males suggesting that females are more sensitive to predation risk in this species,but body size was not significant for any of the three species.Our results indicate that the three sympatric species have different escaping strategies,likely related to differences in physiology and crypticity.

MAVEN observation of magnetosonic waves in the Martian magnetotail region

Magnetosonic waves are an important medium for energy transfer in collisionless space plasma.Magnetosonic waves have been widely investigated in the upstream of the bow shock at Mars.These waves are believed to originate from pickup ions or reflected particles.By utilizing MAVEN spacecraft data,we have observed the occurrence of quasi-perpendicularly propagating magnetosonic emissions near the proton gyrofrequency in the Martian magnetotail region.These plasma waves are associated with a significant enhancement of proton and oxygen flux.The excited magnetosonic waves could possibly heat the protons through resonance and facilitate the ionospheric plasma escape.Our results could be helpful to better understand the Mars’magnetospheric dynamics and offer insights into possible energy redistribution between waves and plasma in the Martian nightside magnetosphere.

Generalized Newton’s Theory of Universal Gravitation and Black Holes

The Newton’s theory of universal gravitation is generalized. Significantly strong at short distances central interaction of bodies and particles is established in comparison with Newtonian. A connection is found with Black Holes, with the horizon of events. Possibility of systematization of all Black Holes is shown. An illustration is given on the example of Black Hole SgrA*.

Fast Growth Entire Functions Whose Escaping Set Has Hausdorff Dimension Two

The authors study a family of transcendental entire functions which lie outside the Eremenko-Lyubich class in general and are of infinity growth order. Most importantly,the authors show that the intersection of Julia set and escaping set of these entire functions has full Hausdorff dimension. As a by-product of the result, the authors also obtain the Hausdorff measure of their escaping set is infinity.

Tracing Escaping Structure in the Northern Indo-China Peninsula by Openness and Remote Sensing

The Openness based on DEM emphasizes the terrain convexity and concavity. It facilitates the interpretation of detailed landforms on the Earth＇s surface. Compared with the layer stacking of ETM＋ with less three-dimensionality and visualizability and with indefinite details of linear images in the deep cutting or deep covered region, the Openness is used for accurate interpretation of tectonic geomorphic units and linear structures. In this paper, the ETM＋ images（741 RGB） and RRIM based on Openness combined with the field geological investigation are used to trace the escaping structure in SE Asia. The east boundary is Ailaoshan shear zone and the west boundary is Uttaradit-Dien Bien Phu fault, which together form the southwards extruding wedge block. The arc boundary surface of the southern Khorat Plateau is jutted to the north. The NW and NE sides of Khorat Plateau are traversed by Uttaradit-Dien Bien Phu fault and Thakhek-Da Nang fault, respectively, resulting in a blocked escaping structure. The SE margins of Truong Son structure belt and Song Ma structure belt are both arcs jutting to SE. These arc structures clamped by faults or related to the fault on one side indicating the material flow direction obviously, are the most specific manifestation of escaping structures. Moreover, these push units are extruded from south to north successively.

Escaping Poverty

Moving from basic needs to improving social welfare and boosting the capacity for self-development in national poverty

Escaping The Big Cities

More white-collar workers consider leaving major metropolises to find opportunities in small and medium-sized cities The energy and excitement of first-tier cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, have long served as magnets attracting enthusiastic young people. But recent surveys have overturned the perception of this urban draw.

改良ESCAPE集束化策略在急性呼吸衰竭有创机械通气脱机患者中的应用价值

目的:探讨改良ESCAPE集束化策略在急性呼吸衰竭有创机械通气脱机患者中的应用价值。方法:接受有创机械通气治疗的急性呼吸衰竭患者116例,随机分为观察组60例和对照组56例。对照组由主管医师制定整体治疗方案,采用常规治疗护理。观察组在常规治疗护理基础上,实施改良ESCAPE集束化策略。结果:观察组脱机后1 h、12 h、24 h时SaO_(2)分别为(96.7±3.7)%、(97.3±3.8)%和(97.4±3.3)%,高于对照组的(92.1±4.3)%、(92.5±2.1)%和(93.3±3.9)%,观察组脱机后1 h、12 h、24 h时PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)分别为255.5±33.5 mmHg、257.5±28.7 mmHg和271.3±32.6 mmHg,高于对照组的213.4±30.7 mmHg、218.1±30.4 mmHg和225.5±30.3 mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者脱机后1 h RR 20.5±3.7次/min,低于对照组的25.6±4.1次/min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组机械通时间5.9±2.7 d,短于对照组的8.6±3.1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组48 h内再插管5例(8.3%),对照组48 h内再插管6例(10.7%),两组再插管率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组谵妄发生率18.3%,低于对照组的35.7%,观察组ICU-AW发生率16.7%,低于对照组的25.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组ICU住院时间8.3±3.7 d,短于对照组的11.2±4.1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良ESCAPE策略可改善急性呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机撤机后的氧合指标,降低谵妄及ICU获得性衰弱的发生率,缩短机械通气时间和ICU住院时间。

Possible mechanisms associated with immune escape and apoptosis on anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect of Mu Ji Fang granules

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common digestive system cancers with high mortality rates worldwide.The main ingredients in Mu Ji Fang Granules(MJF)are alkaloids,flavonoids,and polysaccharides.MJF has been used in the clinical treatment of hepatitis,cirrhosis and HCC for more than 30 years.Few previous studies have focused on the mechanism of MJF on tumor immunology in the treatment of HCC.AIM To explore the mechanism of action of MJF on tumor immunology in the treatment of HCC.METHODS The absorbable ingredients of MJF were identified using Molecule Network related to High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spray Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry,and hub potential anti-HCC targets were screened using network pharmacology and pathway enrichment analysis.Forty male mice were randomly divided into the Blank,Model,and MJF groups(1.8,5.4,and 10.8 g/kg/d)following 7 d of oral administration.Average body weight gain,spleen and thymus indices were calculated,tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin,and Interferon gamma(IFN-γ),Tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),Interleukin-2,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),Fas,and FasL were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay.Relevant mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by Real Time Quantitative PCR(RTqPCR)and protein expression of Transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog(SMAD)4 was assessed by Western blotting.The HepG2 cell line was treated with 10 mg/mL,20 mg/mL,30 mg/mL,40 mg/mL of MJF,and another 3 groups were treated with TGF-β1 inhibitor(LY364947)and different doses of MJF.Relevant mRNA expression of TNF-α,IFN-γ,Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by RT-qPCR and protein expression of TGF-β1,SMAD2,p-SMAD2,SMAD4,and SMAD7 was assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS It was shown that MJF improved body weight gain and tumor inhibition rate in H22 tumorbearing mice,protected immune organs and liver function,reduced the HCC indicator AFP,affected immunity and apoptosis,and up-regulated the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway,by increasing the relative expression of TGF-β1,SMAD2,p-SMAD2 and SMAD4 and decreasing SMAD7,reducing immune factors TNF-αand IFN-γ,decreasing apoptosis cytokines Fas,FasL and Bcl2/Bax,and inhibiting the effect of LY364947 in HepG2 cells.CONCLUSION MJF inhibits HCC by activating the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway,and affecting immune and apoptotic cytokines,which may be due to MJF adjusting immune escape and apoptosis.

Sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of the giant ancient pockmarks in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

In the late Miocene,giant ancient pockmarks,which are fairly rare globally,developed in the Qiongdongnan Basin.In this paper,to determine the sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of these giant ancient pockmarks in the Yinggehai Formation of the Qiongdongnan Basin,based on high-resolution 3D seismic data and multiattribute fusion technologies,we analyzed the planar distribution and seismic facies of the ancient pockmarks and compared the characteristics of the ancient pockmarks with those of channels,craters,and hydrate pits.Moreover,we also discussed the implications of the fluid escape system and paleo-bottom current activity in the ancient pockmark development area and analyzed the influence of the ancient pockmarks on the paleoclimate in this region.Finally,an evolutionary model was proposed for the giant ancient pockmarks.This model shows that the giant ancient pockmarks in the southern Qiongdongnan Basin were affected by both deep fluid escape and lateral transformation of paleobottom currents.In addition,the giant ancient pockmarks contributed to the atmospheric CO_(2)concentration in the late Miocene and played a great role in the contemporary evaluation of deepwater petroleum exploration.

Noise color influence on escape times in nonlinear oscillators-experimental and numerical results

The interplay between noise and nonlinearites can lead to escape dynamics.Associated nonlinear phe-nomena have been observed in various applications ranging from climatology to biology and engineering.For reasons of computational ease,in most studies,Gaussian white noise is used.However,this noise model is not physical due to the associated infinite energy content.Here,the authors present extensive experimental investigations and numerical simulations conducted to examine the impact of noise color on escape times in nonlinear oscillators.With a careful parameterization of the numerical simulations,the authors are able to make quantitative comparisons with experimental results.Through the experi-ments and simulations,it is illustrated that the noise color can drastically influence escape times and escape probability.