Bleeding from esophageal varices is a life threatening complication of portal hypertension.Primary prevention of bleeding in patients at risk for a first bleeding episode is therefore a major goal.Medical prophylaxis ...Bleeding from esophageal varices is a life threatening complication of portal hypertension.Primary prevention of bleeding in patients at risk for a first bleeding episode is therefore a major goal.Medical prophylaxis consists of non-selective beta-blockers like propranolol or carvedilol.Variceal endoscopic band ligation is equally effective but procedure related morbidity is a drawback of the method.Therapy of acute bleeding is based on three strategies:vasopressor drugs like terlipressin,antibiotics and endoscopic therapy.In refractory bleeding,self-expandable stents offer an option for bridging to definite treatments like transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).Treatment of bleeding from gastric varices depends on vasopressor drugs and on injection of varices with cyanoacrylate.Strategies for primary or secondary prevention are based on non-selective beta-blockers but data from large clinical trials is lacking.Therapy of refractory bleeding relies on shuntprocedures like TIPS.Bleeding from ectopic varices,portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia-syndrome is less common.Possible medical and endoscopic treatment options are discussed.展开更多
Bleeding from gastric varices has been successfully treated by endoscopic modalities. Once the bleeding from the gastric varices is stabilized, endoscopic treatment and/or interventional radiology should be performed ...Bleeding from gastric varices has been successfully treated by endoscopic modalities. Once the bleeding from the gastric varices is stabilized, endoscopic treatment and/or interventional radiology should be performed to eradicate varices completely. Partial splenic artery embolization is a supplemental treatment to prolong the obliteration of the veins feeding and/or draining the varices. The overall incidence of bleeding from gastric varices is lower than that from esophageal varices. No studies to date have defi nitively characterized the causal factors behind bleeding from gastric varices. The initial episodes of bleeding from esophageal varices or gastric varices without prior treatment may be at least partly triggered by a violation of the mucosal barrier overlying varices. This is especially likely in the case of varices of the fundus. In view of the high rate of hemostasis achieved among bleeding gastric varices, treatment should be administered in selective cases. Among untreated cases, steps to prevent gastric mucosal injury confer very important protection against gastric variceal bleeding.展开更多
目的:探讨急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床疗效和并发症.方法:回顾性分析58例确诊为急性食管胃底静脉曲张出血患者,急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗并随访6 mo的临床...目的:探讨急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床疗效和并发症.方法:回顾性分析58例确诊为急性食管胃底静脉曲张出血患者,急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗并随访6 mo的临床资料.结果:所有患者均1次急诊内镜下成功止血急诊止血成功率为100%(58/58).平均随访6mo,早期再出血率为1.7%(1/58),近期再出血率为1.7%(1/58);胃底静脉曲张程度缓解显效率为70.7%(41/58),有效率为22.4%(13/58)总有效率为93.1%(54/58);食管静脉曲张程度缓解显效率为74.1%(43/58),有效率为17.2%(10/58),总有效率为91.4%(53/58);G O V1型患者静脉曲张程度缓解总有效率95.8%(23/24),G O V2型患者静脉曲张程度缓解总有效率82.2%(30/34),比较GOV1型和G O V2型患者食管胃底静脉曲张缓解程度差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3例患者食管胃底静脉曲张消失不明显,4 wk后再次给予曲张静脉硬化术,2例肝癌患者1 mo内再次出现消化系出血并死于肝性脑病.术后出现短期的进食时胸骨后不适或疼痛感、低热、术后6 mo内可观察到多种形态的排胶形式,未见异位栓塞及与治疗相关的严重并发症.结论:急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血是一项安全可靠的方法,具有急诊止血率高、曲张静脉消失率高、并发症少等优点,值得推广应用.展开更多
文摘Bleeding from esophageal varices is a life threatening complication of portal hypertension.Primary prevention of bleeding in patients at risk for a first bleeding episode is therefore a major goal.Medical prophylaxis consists of non-selective beta-blockers like propranolol or carvedilol.Variceal endoscopic band ligation is equally effective but procedure related morbidity is a drawback of the method.Therapy of acute bleeding is based on three strategies:vasopressor drugs like terlipressin,antibiotics and endoscopic therapy.In refractory bleeding,self-expandable stents offer an option for bridging to definite treatments like transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).Treatment of bleeding from gastric varices depends on vasopressor drugs and on injection of varices with cyanoacrylate.Strategies for primary or secondary prevention are based on non-selective beta-blockers but data from large clinical trials is lacking.Therapy of refractory bleeding relies on shuntprocedures like TIPS.Bleeding from ectopic varices,portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia-syndrome is less common.Possible medical and endoscopic treatment options are discussed.
文摘Bleeding from gastric varices has been successfully treated by endoscopic modalities. Once the bleeding from the gastric varices is stabilized, endoscopic treatment and/or interventional radiology should be performed to eradicate varices completely. Partial splenic artery embolization is a supplemental treatment to prolong the obliteration of the veins feeding and/or draining the varices. The overall incidence of bleeding from gastric varices is lower than that from esophageal varices. No studies to date have defi nitively characterized the causal factors behind bleeding from gastric varices. The initial episodes of bleeding from esophageal varices or gastric varices without prior treatment may be at least partly triggered by a violation of the mucosal barrier overlying varices. This is especially likely in the case of varices of the fundus. In view of the high rate of hemostasis achieved among bleeding gastric varices, treatment should be administered in selective cases. Among untreated cases, steps to prevent gastric mucosal injury confer very important protection against gastric variceal bleeding.
文摘目的:探讨急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床疗效和并发症.方法:回顾性分析58例确诊为急性食管胃底静脉曲张出血患者,急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗并随访6 mo的临床资料.结果:所有患者均1次急诊内镜下成功止血急诊止血成功率为100%(58/58).平均随访6mo,早期再出血率为1.7%(1/58),近期再出血率为1.7%(1/58);胃底静脉曲张程度缓解显效率为70.7%(41/58),有效率为22.4%(13/58)总有效率为93.1%(54/58);食管静脉曲张程度缓解显效率为74.1%(43/58),有效率为17.2%(10/58),总有效率为91.4%(53/58);G O V1型患者静脉曲张程度缓解总有效率95.8%(23/24),G O V2型患者静脉曲张程度缓解总有效率82.2%(30/34),比较GOV1型和G O V2型患者食管胃底静脉曲张缓解程度差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3例患者食管胃底静脉曲张消失不明显,4 wk后再次给予曲张静脉硬化术,2例肝癌患者1 mo内再次出现消化系出血并死于肝性脑病.术后出现短期的进食时胸骨后不适或疼痛感、低热、术后6 mo内可观察到多种形态的排胶形式,未见异位栓塞及与治疗相关的严重并发症.结论:急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化-套扎术同步序贯治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血是一项安全可靠的方法,具有急诊止血率高、曲张静脉消失率高、并发症少等优点,值得推广应用.
