Investigating causal links between gastroesophageal reflux disease and essential hypertension

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a prevalent global health concern with a rising incidence.Various risk factors,including obesity,hiatal hernia,and smo-king,contribute to its development.Recent research suggests associations bet-ween GERD and metabolic syndrome,cardiac diseases,and hypertension(HTN).Mechanisms linking GERD to HTN involve autonomic dysfunction,inflammatory states,and endothelial dysfunction.Furthermore,GERD medications such as pro-ton-pump inhibitors may impact blood pressure regulation.Conversely,antihy-pertensive medications like beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers can exacerbate GERD symptoms.While bidirectional causality exists between GERD and HTN,longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the precise relationship.Treatment of GERD,including anti-reflux surgery,may positively influence HTN control.However,the interplay of lifestyle factors,comorbidities,and medications necessitates further investigation to comprehensively understand this relation-ship.In this editorial,we comment on the article published by Wei et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We evaluate their claims on the causal association between GERD and HTN.

Gastroesophageal flap valve status distinguishes clinical phenotypes of large hiatal hernia

AIM: To investigate two distinct clinical phenotypes of reflux esophagitis and intra-hernial ulcer (Cameron lesions) in patients with large hiatal hernias. METHODS: A case series study was performed with 16 831 patients who underwent diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy for 2 years at an academic referral center. A hiatus diameter ≥ 4 cm was defined as a large hernia. A sharp fold that surrounded the cardia was designated as an intact gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV), and a loose fold or disappearance of the fold was classified as an impaired GEFV. We studied the associations between large hiatal hernias and the distinct clinical phenotypes (reflux esophagitis and Cameron lesions), and analyzed factors that distinguished the clinical phenotypes. RESULTS: Large hiatal hernias were found in 49 (0.3%) of 16 831 patients. Cameron lesions and reflux esopha-gitis were observed in 10% and 47% of these patients, and 0% and 8% of the patients without large hiatal hernias, which indicated significant associations between large hiatal hernias and these diseases. However, there was no coincidence of the two distinct disorders. Univariate analysis demonstrated significant associations between Cameron lesions and the clinico-endoscopic factors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake (80% in Cameron lesion cases vs 18% in non-Cameron lesion cases, P=0.015) and intact GEFV (100% in Cameron lesion cases vs 18% in non-Cameron lesion cases, P=0.0007). In contrast, reflux esophagitis was linked with impaired GEFV (44% in reflux esophagitis cases vs 8% in non-reflux esophagitis cases, P = 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed these significant associations. CONCLUSION: GEFV status and NSAID intake distinguish clinical phenotypes of large hiatal hernias. Cameron lesions are associated with intact GEFV and NSAID intake.

Gastroesophageal reflux: the features in elderlypatients

AIM To compare the features ofgastroesophageal reflux disease between elderlyand younger patients.METHODS Twenty-four hour pH-monitoring andendoscopy were P6rformed for the 66 elderlypatients with typical gastroesophageaI refluxsymptoms, and the results were compared with112 symptomatic younger patients.RESULTS The results of 24-h pH-monitoringand endoscopy showed that the elderly patientshad pathological reflux and reflux esophagitismore frequently than the younger patients.P6rcentage time with pH< 4 in elderly patientswith reflux esophagitis was 32.5% in 24 hours,as compared with 12.9% in the younger patientswith reflux esophagitis (P < 0 .05 ). The elderlypatients with reflux esophagitis have longerP6riOds of acid reflux in both upright and Supinepositions than the younger patients. Endoscopyshowed that 20 .8% of elderIy patients had grade Ⅲ / Ⅳ esophagitis, whereas only 3.4% ofyounger patients had grade Ⅲ/ Ⅳ esophagitis(P < 0.002 ). Percentages of grades Ⅰ /Ⅱesophagitis in the two groups were 12.5% and26. 5%, respectiveIy (P< 0. 002 ).CONCLUSION Elderly patients, as comparedwith younger patients, have more severegastroesophageal reflux and esophageal lesions.The incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter and the presence of hiataI hernia may beimportant factors leading to the difference in incidence and severity of reflux esophagitisbetween elderly and younger patients.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is an uncommon condition in Asia: evidence and possible explanations

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Gastroesophageal reflux and congenital gastrointestinal malformations

Although the outcome of newborns with surgical congenital diseases(e.g.,diaphragmatic hernia;esophageal atresia;omphalocele;gastroschisis) has improved rapidly with recent advances in perinatal intensive care and surgery,infant survivors often require intensive treatment after birth,have prolonged hospitalizations,and,after discharge,may have longterm sequelae including gastro-intestinal comorbidities,above all,gastroesophageal reflux(GER).This condition involves the involuntary retrograde passage of gastric contents into the esophagus,with or without regurgitation or vomiting.It is a well-recognized condition,typical of infants,with an incidence of 85%,which usually resolves after physiological maturation of the lower esophageal sphincter and lengthening of the intra-abdominal esophagus,in the first few months after birth.Although the exact cause of abnormal esophageal function in congenital defects is not clearly understood,it has been hypothesized that common(increased intra-abdominal pressure after closure of the abdominal defect) and/or specific(e.g.,motility disturbance of the upper gastrointestinal tract,damage of esophageal peristaltic pump) pathological mechanisms may play a role in the etiology of GER in patients with birth defects.Improvement of knowledge could positively impact the long-term prognosis of patients with surgical congenital diseases.The present manuscript provides a literature review focused on pathological and clinical characteristics of GER in patients who have undergone surgical treatment for congenital abdominal malformations.

Influence of age on outcome of total laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease

AIM: To demonstrate that age does not influence the choice of treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We hypothesized that the outcome of total fun-doplication in patients > 65 years is similar to that of patients aged ≤ 65 years.METHODS: Four hundred and twenty consecu-tive patients underwent total laparoscopic fun-doplication for GERD. Three hundred and fifty-five patients were younger than 65 years (group Y), and 65 patients were 65 years or older (group E). The following elements were considered: pres-ence, duration, and severity of GERD symptoms; presence of a hiatal hernia; manometric evalu- ation, 24 h pH-monitoring data, duration of operation; incidence of complications; and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Elderly patients more often had atypical symptoms of GERD and at manometric evaluation had a higher rate of impaired esophageal peristalsis in compari-son with younger patients. A mild intensity of heartburn often leads physicians to underestimate the severity of erosive esophagitis. The duration of the operation was similar between the two groups. The incidence of intra-operative and postoperative complications was low and the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups. An excellent outcome was observed in 92.9% young patients and 91.9% elderly patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is a safe and effective treatment for GERD even in elderly pa-tients, warranting low morbidity and mortality rates and a significant improvement of symptoms comparable to younger patients.

Impact of endoscopically minimal involvement on IL-8 mRNA expression in esophageal mucosa of patients with non-erosive reflux disease

AIM: Little has been known about the pathogenesis of nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). Recent studies have implicated interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the development and progression of gastroesophgeal reflux disease (GERD). The purpose of this study was to determine IL-8 RNA expression levels in NERD patients with or without subtle mucosal changes. METHODS: We studied 26 patients with NERD and 13 asymptomatic controls. Biopsy sample was taken from the esophagus 3 cm above the gast^oesophageal junction and snap frozen for measurement of IL-8 mRNA levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also examined mRNA expression of IL-8 receptors, CXCR-1 and -2 by reverse transcriptase PCR. The patients were endoscopically classified into grade M (mucosal color changes without visible mucosal break) and N (neither minimal involvement nor mucosal break) of the modified Los Angeles classification. RESULTS: The relative IL-8 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in esophageal mucosa of NERD patients than those in esophageal mucosa of the controls. There was a significant difference in IL-8 mRNA levels between grades M and N. The CXCR-1 and -2 mRNAs were consUtutdvely expressed in esophageal mucosa. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that high IL-8 levels in esophageal mucosa may be involved in the pathogenesis of NERD through interaction with its receptors. NERD seems to be composed of a heterogeneous population in terms of not only endoscopically minimal involvement but also immune and inflammatory processes.

Dual-sided composite mesh repair of hiatal hernia: Our experience and a review of the Chinese literature

AIM:To summarize our experience in the application of Crurasoft for antireflux surgery and hiatal hernia(HH)repair and to introduce the work of Chinese doctors on this topic.METHODS:Twenty-one patients underwent HH repair with Crurasoft reinforcement.Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and HH-related symptoms including heartburn,regurgitation,chest pain,dysphagia,and abdominal pain were evaluated preoperatively and 6mo postoperatively.A patient survey was conducted by phone by one of the authors.Patients were asked about"recurrent reflux or heartburn"and"dysphagia".An internet-based Chinese literature search in this field was also performed.Data extracted from each study included:number of patients treated,hernia size,hiatorrhaphy,antireflux surgery,follow-up period,recurrence rate,and complications(especially dysphagia).RESULTS:There were 8 typeⅠ,10 typeⅡand 3 typeⅢHHs in this group.Mean operative time was 119.29min(range 80-175 min).Intraoperatively,length and width of the hiatal orifice were measured,(4.33±0.84and 2.85±0.85 cm,respectively).Thirteen and eight Nissen and Toupet fundoplications were performed,respectively.The intraoperative complication rate was9.52%.Despite dysphagia,GERD-related symptoms improved significantly compared with those before surgery.The recurrence rate was 0%during the 6-mo follow-up period,and long-term follow-up disclosed a recurrence rate of 4.76%with a mean period of 16.28mo.Eight patients developed new-onset dysphagia.The Chinese literature review identified 12 papers with213 patients.The overall recurrence rate was 1.88%.There was no esophageal erosion and the rate of dysphagia ranged from 0%to 24%.CONCLUSION:The use of Crurasoft mesh for HH repair results in satisfactory symptom control with a low recurrence rate.Postoperative dysphagia continues to be an issue,and requires more research to reduce its incidence.

Clinical features of gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis:Insights from patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy in resource-limited Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a common disease worldwide with varying clinical presentations and risk factors.Prevalence data for Africa is lacking,but an increasing trend is expected due to demographic and epidemiological transitions.Although endoscopic studies for general gastrointestinal disorders have shown some patients with erosive esophagitis(EE),no studies in Ethiopia have investigated the clinical characteristics,risk factors,and severity of GERD using esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD).AIM To assess the clinical features of GERD in Ethiopian patients who underwent EGD and determine the severity and risk factors of EE.METHODS We conducted a multicenter,retrospective cross-sectional study of 221 patients diagnosed with GERD and endoscopic findings of EE at Trauma Associated Severe Hemorrhage and Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell between January 2019 and August 2022.Data were collected from electronic medical records and phone call interviews.We used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis with SPSS version 26 to identify the association between variables with a statistical significance set at P value<0.05.RESULTS The mean±SD age of the patients was 44.8(±15.9)years,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:1.The most commonly reported symptom was epigastric pain(80.5%),followed by heartburn(43%).Los Angeles(LA)-A EE was diagnosed in 71.1%of patients,followed by LA-B(14.9%),LA-C(7.7%),and LA-D(5.9%).Multivariate analysis showed that age 50 or above,presence of bleeding,and endoscopic findings of duodenitis/duodenopathy were significantly associated with severe EE(P<0.05).Stricture and Barrett’s esophagus were observed in 4.5%and 1.36%of patients with EE,respectively.CONCLUSION Most of the patients had milder EE with fewer complications.However,severe EE was more prevalent in older patients and those with duodenitis/duodenopathy.

Nissen fundoplication vs proton pump inhibitors for laryngopharyngeal reflux based on p H-monitoring and symptom-scale

AIM To compare the outcomes between laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication(LNF)and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)therapy in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)and typeⅠhiatal hernia diagnosed by oropharyngeal p H-monitoring and symptom-scale assessment.METHODS From February 2014 to January 2015,70 patients who were diagnosed with LPR and type I hiatal hernia and referred for symptomatic assessment,oropharyngeal p H-monitoring,manometry,and gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study.All of the patients met the inclusion criteria.All of the patients underwent LNF or PPIs administration,and completed a2-year follow-up.Patients’baseline characteristics and primary outcome measures,including comprehensive and single symptoms of LPR,PPIs independence,and satisfaction,and postoperative complications were assessed.The outcomes of LNF and PPIs therapy were analyzed and compared. RESULTS There were 31 patients in the LNF group and 39patients in the PPI group.Fifty-three patients(25 in the LNF group and 28 in the PPI group)completed reviews and follow-up.Oropharyngeal p H-monitoring parameters were all abnormal with high acid exposure,a large amount of reflux,and a high Ryan score,associated reflux symptom index(RSI)score.There was a significant improvement in the RSI and LPR symptom scores after the 2-year follow-up in both groups(P<0.05),as well as typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.Improvement in the RSI(P<0.005)and symptom scores of cough(P=0.032),mucus(P=0.011),and throat clearing(P=0.022)was significantly superior in the LNF group to that in the PPI group.After LNF and PPIs therapy,13 and 53 patients achieved independence from PPIs therapy(LNF:44.0%vs PPI:7.14%,P<0.001)during follow-up,respectively.Patients in the LNF group were more satisfied with their quality of life than those in the PPI group(LNF:62.49±28.68 vs PPI:44.36±32.77,P=0.004).Body mass index was significantly lower in the LNF group than in the PPI group(LNF:22.2±3.1kg/m^2 vs PPI:25.1±2.9 kg/m^2,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Diagnosis of LPR should be assessed with oropharyngeal p H-monitoring,manometry,and the symptom-scale.LNF achieves better improvement than PPIs for LPR with type I hiatal hernia.

Oesophageal surgery

INTRODUCTIONThe origins of oesophageal surgery ,like most surgical treatments ,are based in the treatment of traumatic injury .The Smith Surgical Papyrus describes the examination, diagnosis and treatment of 'a gaping wound of throat, penetrating the gullet' [1].

Impact of minimally invasive surgery on the treatment of benign esophageal disorders

Thanks to the development of minimally invasive surgery, the last 20 years have witnessed a change in the treatment algorithm of benign esophageal disorders. Today a laparoscopic operation is the treatment of choice for esophageal achalasia and for most patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Because the pathogenesis of achalasia is unknown, treatment is palliative and aims to improve esophageal emptying by decreasing the functional obstruction at the level of the gastro-esophageal junction. The refinement of minimally invasive techniques accompanied by large, multiple randomized control trials with long-term outcome has allowed the laparoscopic Heller myotomy and partial fundoplication to become the treatment of choice for achalasia compared to endoscopic procedures, including endoscopic botulinum toxin injection and pneumatic dilatation. Patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux need to undergo a thorough preoperative workup. After establishing diagnosis, treatment for gastroesophageal reflux should be individualized to patient characteristics and a decision about an operation made jointly between surgeon and patient. The indications for surgery have changed in the last twenty years. In the past, surgery was often considered for patients who did not respond well to acid reducing medications. Today, the best candidate for surgery is the patient who has excellent control of symptoms with proton pump inhibitors. The minimally invasive approach to antireflux surgery has allowed surgeons to control reflux in a safe manner, with excellent long term outcomes. Like achalasia and gastroesophageal reflux, the treatment of patients with paraesophageal hernias has also seen a major evolution. The laparoscopic approach has been shown to be safe, and durable, with good relief of symptoms over the long-term. The most significant controversy with laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair is the optimal crural repair. This manuscript reviews the evolution of these techniques.

Comparison of reflux esophagitis and its complications between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites

AIM: To determine the effect of ethnicity on the severity of reflux esophagitis (RE) and its complications. METHODS: A retrospective search of the endoscopy database at the University of Florida Health Science Center/Jacksonville for all cases of reflux esophagitis and its complications from January 1 to March 31, 2001 was performed. Inclusion criteria were endoscopic evidence of esophagitis using the LA classif ication, reflux related complications and self-reported ethnicity. The data obtained included esophagitis grade, presence of a hiatal hernia, esophageal ulcer, stricture and Barrett's esophagus, and endoscopy indication. RESULTS: The search identified 259 patients with RE or its complications, of which 171 were non-Hispanic whites and 88 were African Americans. The mean ages and male/female ratios were similar in the two groups. RE grade, esophageal ulcer, stricture and hiatal hernia frequency were likewise similar in the groups. Barrett's esophagus was present more often in non-Hispanic whites than in African Americans (15.8% vs 4.5%; P < 0.01). Heartburn was a more frequent indication for endoscopy in non-Hispanic whites with erosive esophagitis than in African Americans (28.1% vs 7.9%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Distribution of RE grade and frequency of reflux-related esophageal ulcer, stricture andhiatal hernia are similar in non-Hispanic whites and African Americans. Heartburn was more frequently and nausea/vomiting less frequently reported as the primary endoscopic indication in non-Hispanic whites compared with African Americans with erosive esophagitis or its complications. African Americans have a decreased prevalence of Barrett's esophagus compared with non-Hispanic whites.

抗反流手术治疗老年食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的影响

目的分析老年食管裂孔疝(HH)合并胃食管反流病(GERD)患者阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的患病情况,并探索抗反流手术(腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术)治疗老年HH合并GERD对OSA的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年6月于徐州医科大学附属医院住院并确诊HH合并GERD的83例老年患者为研究对象,其中6例剔除。根据多导睡眠监测(PSG)结果,将77例患者分为OSA组(n=45)和非OSA组(n=32)。比较手术前后体质量指数(BMI)、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、氧减指数(ODI)、最长呼吸暂停时间(LAT)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))、Epworth嗜睡评分(ESS)、胃食管反流病问卷(GERD-Q)、血清白介素-8(IL-8)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)变化。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,分别采用t检验、χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法检验进行组间比较。采用Pearson相关性分析评价OSA组患者术前炎症指标与睡眠参数、手术前后炎症指标差值与睡眠参数差值之间的相关性。结果OSA组患者AHI、ODI、LAT、ESS、血清IL-8、TNF-α水平高于非OSA组,LSaO_(2)低于非OSA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。OSA组血清TNF-α水平与AHI、ODI、LAT正相关,与LSaO_(2)负相关(r=0.647,0.579,0.477,-0.312;P<0.05);OSA组血清IL-8水平与AHI、ODI正相关,与LSaO_(2)负相关(r=0.422,0.501,-0.330;P<0.05)。与术前相比,OSA组术后AHI、ODI、LAT、ESS、GERD-Q、血清IL-8及TNF-α水平下降,LSaO_(2)升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。OSA组手术前后血清TNF-α差值与AHI、ODI、LAT差值呈正相关(r=0.329,0.408,0.529;P<0.05);OSA组手术前后IL-8差值与AHI、ODI、LAT差值呈正相关,与LSaO_(2)差值呈负相关(r=0.343,0.371,0.350,-0.330;P<0.05)。结论老年HH合并GERD患者中,患有OSA较为常见,男女患病比例接近,以轻中度OSA为主。腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术治疗HH合并GERD,能够改善OSA的症状及病情严重程度,并降低炎症反应。

Bougie管支撑下腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流临床效果分析

目的探讨Bougie管支撑下行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2017年10月至2021年10月我科手术治疗的70例食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为两组,分别行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补+Nissen胃底折叠术(Nissen组,35例)和腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补+Bougie管支撑下胃底Nissen折叠术(Bougie组,35例)。比较两组患者围术期指标、术后1月内并发症发生率及术后半年胃食管反流指标。结果Bougie组手术时间、术后恢复饮水时间、术后恢复半流质饮食时间及术后住院时间均少于Nissen组,术后第1、2、3周胸腹部疼痛、腹胀不适发生率及术后1、2、3、4周吞咽困难发生率均低于Nissen组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组术中出血量、术后拔除引流管时间、术后首次排气时间、术后1月内便秘与腹泻发生率比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后6月两组患者食管pH值<4的次数、反流次数、反流时间、食管下段括约肌压力、DeMeester评分、GERD-Q评分均较术前明显改善(P<0.05),而组间上述各项反流指标比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论Bougie管支撑下行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病,可明显减少术后早期并发症的发生,抗反流效果确切,且并不增加手术难度及手术风险,值得临床推广。

老年人胃食管反流病的临床特点

目的探讨老年人胃食管反流病(GERD)的临床特点。方法对72位有反酸、烧心、胸骨后疼痛等胃食管反流症状的患者行上消化管内镜检查和24h食管内胆汁反流监测,其中54位同时接受24h食管内pH值监测检查。根据年龄将观察对象分成≥65岁组(即老年组)和<65岁组穴对照组雪。分别比较两组的体重超标和病程情况,并对内镜下食管炎程度、食管食管裂孔疝合并率以及胆汁和酸反流等情况进行评估分析。结果老年组中有48%的患者和49%的对照组患者有不同程度的肥胖现象;老年组患者的病程较对照组长(P<0.05),重度食管炎的发生率高达35%熏这可能与老年组有较高的食管裂孔疝合并率(65%)有关;老年组GERD患者,无论胆红素吸收值>0.14总时间百分比,还是立位胆汁反流时间百分比均较对照组高穴P<0.05雪,但两组之间卧位、餐后胆汁反流时间百分比以及酸反流无明显差异。老年组混合反流发生率高于<65岁组(76%verus18%,P<0.05)。结论老年人GERD发病与肥胖、食管裂孔疝有关,其特点为病程较长并且伴有酸与胆汁的混合反流。长时间、高浓度的胆汁反流与酸反流同时存在可能是造成食管粘膜严重损害的重要原因。

食管裂孔疝的单中心临床流行病学调查及分析

目的 分析食管裂孔疝（HH）的临床流行病学特点。方法 调查2009年-2014年东莞地区某三甲医院单个内镜中心胃镜诊断食管裂孔疝患者,分析其检出率、性别、年龄分布、症状特点、分型、疝囊直径和伴发上消化道疾病等。结果 6年内接受上消化道内镜检查患者共71 413例。其中,发现HH 121例,总检出率为0.17%,男性检出率为0.23%（88/37 623）,女性检出率为0.10%,男女检出率比为2.3∶1;老中青检出率分别为41.33%、19.83%和38.84%,约为2∶1∶2（50∶24∶47）;92.56%（112/121）为I型;83.47%（101/121）为中疝囊（2~5 cm）;38.02%（46/121）合并反流性食管炎、3.31%（4/121）合并Barrett食管,28.93%（35/121）伴发胃十二指肠疾病。HH的主要症状是上腹不适、腹痛腹胀及反酸烧心。结论 HH是临床常见疾病,常有上消化道症状,且合并反流性食管炎比例高,值得引起高度重视。

腹腔镜手术治疗食管裂孔疝45例

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合抗反流手术治疗食管裂孔疝的疗效。方法 2004年5月~2008年11月45例食管裂孔疝行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合抗反流手术。采用视觉模拟积分（visual analogue scales,VAS）评价术前及术后1、6、12个月胃食管反流症状,包括烧心、吞咽梗阻、反酸、胸痛、嗳气等。结果在缝合缩小食管裂孔的同时,行改良Nissen术9例,Toupet术10例,Dor术26例。无中转开腹。手术时间92~203min,平均118min。术后住院2~8d,平均2.7d。术后发生胃潴留3例,吞咽梗阻2例。术后随访1~48个月,平均21.5月,2例分别在术后1、12个月复发。胃食管反流综合症状VAS评分术前中位数5分（4~8分）,术后1、6、12个月中位数均为1分,术前后比较均有统计学意义（P=0.000）。结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合抗反流手术是治疗食管裂孔疝的有效方法 ,具有创伤小、恢复快的特点。

腹腔镜手术治疗胃食管反流病和贲门失弛缓症

目的:探索三种腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病及Heller肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的安全性与可行性。方法:1995年12月至2004年9月,经腹腔镜手术治疗了胃食管反流病人45例和贲门失弛缓病人5例。术前常规行胃镜与上消化道钡餐检查者50例,加行食管测酸、测压检查者39例。腹腔镜单纯胃底折叠术10例(Nissen式1例,Toupet式9例);腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术35例(Nissen式11例,Toupet式24例)。Heller肌切开术加Dor胃底折叠术5例。结果:全组病人的平均手术时间为120(60～360)min,术中平均出血量15(10～100)ml,术后日平均引流量20(10～100)ml,平均住院7(5～12)d。其中前10例使用电刀者平均用时210(180～360)min,中转开腹1例;后40例使用超声刀者平均用时100(60～180)min。术中脾被膜划破出血2例,12例Nissen式胃底折叠术后有1例出现吞咽困难,1月后缓解。42例获随访的病人中40例不再需要服药。其中5例Heller肌切开术Dor胃底折叠术病人术后第2天即可顺畅进食,且无反流。结论:与传统的经胸或经腹手术相比,腹腔镜抗反流手术治疗胃食管反流病和Heller肌切开贲门失弛缓症的病人具有心肺干扰小、麻醉难度低、创伤小、痛苦轻、并发症少、住院时间短、康复快、疗效好等突出优点。经过不断改进手术设计和加强训练可使?

腹腔镜治疗食管裂孔疝的初步临床经验

目的 总结腹腔镜手术治疗食管裂孔疝的初步经验. 方法 2004年5月～2005年4月,食管裂孔疝15例行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补加抗反流手术.Ⅰ型4例均伴有严重的胃食管反流,Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型1例.在缝合缩小食管裂孔的同时,行Nissen术9例,Toupet术4例,Dor术2例.采用视觉模拟积分（visual analogue scales, VAS）评价术前及术后1、6个月胃食管反流症状,包括烧心、吞咽梗阻、反酸、胸痛、嗳气等. 结果 全组无中转开腹.手术时间100～187 min,平均125 min.术后住院2～5 d,平均2.8 d.术后随访1～12个月,平均8.5月,无疝复发.胃食管反流综合症状VAS评分术前5.0±3.9,术后1个月降至0.9±1.3 （t=3.823, P〈0.05）,术后6个月降至0.8±1.6 （t=3.549, P〈0.05）.术后并发胃潴留2例,吞咽梗阻1例,3个月后缓解. 结论 采用腹腔镜技术手术治疗食管裂孔疝具有创伤小、恢复快的特点,其短期临床效果满意.