"Layer-to-Layer" Esophagogastric Anastomosis Combined with Intrathoracic Esophageal Mucosal Extention in Patients with Esophageal and Cardia Cancer

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of intrathoracic esophagogastric "layer-to-layer" anastomosis with esophageal mucosa extended varied in plane and to study the effective methods to prevent anastomotic leaking or stricture postoperatively. Methods: From May 1985 to December 2002, 2 240 esophageal and stomach cardia cancer patients treated by intrathoracic esophagogastric "layer-to-layer" anastomosis with esophageal mucosa extended varied in plane were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There was no anastomotic leaking and severe stricture in all above cases. Conclusion: Intrathoracic esophagogastric "layer-to-layer" anastomosis with esophageal mucosal extended varied in plane is an effective method to prevent anastomotic leaking and stricture postoperatively.

Esophagogastric anastomosis in rats: Improved healing by BPC 157 and L-arginine, aggravated by L-NAME

AIM To cure typically life-threatening esophagogastric anastomosis in rats, lacking anastomosis healing and sphincter function rescue, in particular. METHODS Because we assume esophagogastric fistulas represent a particular NO-system disability, we attempt to identify the benefits of anti-ulcer stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which was in trials for ulcerative colitis and currently for multiple sclerosis, in rats with esophagocutaneous fistulas. Previously, BPC 157 therapies have promoted the healing of intestinal anastomosis and fistulas, and esophagitis and gastric lesions, along with rescued sphincter function. Additionally, BPC 157 particularly interacts with the NOsystem. In the 4 d after esophagogastric anastomosis creation, rats received medication(/kg intraperitoneallyonce daily: BPC 157(10 μg, 10 ng), L-NAME(5 mg), or L-arginine(100 mg) alone and/or combined or BPC 157(10 μg, 10 ng) in drinking water). For rats underwent esophagogastric anastomosis, daily assessment included progressive stomach damage(sum of the longest diameters, mm), esophagitis(scored 0-5), weak anastomosis(m L H2 O before leak), low pressure in esophagus at anastomosis and in the pyloric sphincter(cm H2O), progressive weight loss(g) and mortality. Immediate effect assessed blood vessels disappearance(scored 0-5) at the stomach surface immediately after anastomosis creation. RESULTS BPC 157(all regimens) fully counteracted the perilous disease course from the very beginning(i.e., with the BPC 157 bath, blood vessels remained present at the gastric surface after anastomosis creation) and eliminated mortality. Additionally, BPC 157 treatment in combination with L-NAME nullified any effect of L-NAME that otherwise intensified the regular course. Consistently, with worsening(with L-NAME administration) and amelioration(with L-arginine), either L-arginine amelioration prevails(attenuated esophageal and gastric lesions) or they counteract each other(L-NAME + L-arginine); with the addition of BPC 157(L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157), there was a marked beneficial effect. BPC 157 treatment for esophagogastric anastomosis, along with NOS-blocker L-NAME and/or NOS substrate L-arginine, demonstrated an innate NO-system disability(as observed with L-arginine effectiveness). BPC 157 distinctively affected corresponding events: worsening(obtained with L-NAME administration that was counteracted); or amelioration(L-arginine + BPC 157-rats correspond to BPC 157-rats).CONCLUSION Innate NO-system disability for esophagogastric anastomoses, including L-NAME-worsening, suggests that these effects could be corrected by L-arginine and almost completely eliminated by BPC 157 therapy.

Anti-reflux effects of a novel esophagogastric asymmetric anastomosis technique after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Reflux esophagitis is a common postoperative complication of proximal gastrectomy.There is an urgent need for a safer method of performing esophageal-gastric anastomosis that reduces the risk of reflux after proximal gastrectomy.We hypothesize that a novel technique termed esophagogastric asymmetric anastomosis(EGAA)can prevent postoperative reflux in a safe and feasible manner.To observe a novel method of EGAA to prevent postoperative reflux.METHODS Initially,we employed a thermal stress computer to simulate and analyze gastric peristalsis at the site of an esophagogastric asymmetric anastomosis.This was done in order to better understand the anti-reflux function and mechanism.Next,we performed digestive tract reconstruction using the EGAA technique in 13 patients who had undergone laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.Post-surgery,we monitored the structure and function of the reconstruction through imaging exams and gastroscopy.Finally,the patients were followed up to assess the efficacy of the anti-reflux effects.RESULTS Our simulation experiments have demonstrated that the clockwise contraction caused by gastric peristalsis and the expansion of the gastric fundus caused by the increase of intragastric pressure could significantly tighten the anastomotic stoma,providing a means to prevent the reverse flow of gastric fluids.Thirteen patients with esophagogastric junction tumors underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy,with a mean operation time of 304.2±44.3 min.After the operation,the upper gastroenterography in supine/low head positions showed that eight patients exhibited no gastroesophageal reflux,three had mild reflux,and two had obvious reflux.The abdominal computed tomography examination showed a valve-like structure at the anastomosis.During followup,gastroscopy revealed a closed valve-like form at the anastomosis site without stenosis or signs of reflux esophagitis in 11 patients.Only two patients showed gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and mild reflux esophagitis and were treated with proton pump inhibitor therapy.CONCLUSION EGAA is a feasible and safe surgical method,with an excellent anti-reflux effect after proximal gastrectomy.

INTRALUMINAL ELASTIC CIRCULAR LIGATION FOR ESOPHAGOGASTRIC ANASTOMOSIS(INCLUDING THE CLINICAL ANALYSES OF 100 CASES)

Between 1981 and 1988, 234 cases of cancerof the esophagus or gastric cardia were treatedby resection and intraluminal elastic circularligation for esophagogastric anastomosis. Thispresent study advances the results described inour earlier study. The details of technicalrefinements are here reported, based on the

Techniques for Avoiding Saccular Extended Obstruction at the Anastomotic Site of Functional End-to-End Anastomosis

Saccular extended obstruction is generated when the anastomotic site of functional end-to-end anastomosis is extended saccularly and blocked by intestinal contents. This is a specific complication of functional end-to-end anastomosis. Saccular extended obstruction of the anastomotic site of func-tional end-to-end anastomosis causes postoperative intestinal obstruction. Saccular extended obstruction places a heavy burden on patients because surgery is necessary for treatment of intestinal obstruction due to saccular extended obstruction. However, saccular extended obstruction is not a commonly recognized complication. The greatest factor contributing to the development of saccular extended obstruction is an acute angle between the portions of the intestinal tract oral and aboral to the anastomotic site. When this angle approaches obtuse angle, preferably close to a straight line, stagnation of the intestinal contents does not occur at the anastomotic site of functional end-to-end anastomosis and saccular extended obstruction is avoided. For making the angle of anastomotic intestinal tracts obtuse or straight, it may be effective that the entry hole of stapling suture instrument creating the anastomotic stoma is closed perpendicular to the intestinal axis.

Effect of swirling flow on platelet concentration distribution in small-caliber artificial grafts and end-to-end anastomoses

Platelet concentration near the blood vessel wall is one of the major factors in the adhesion of platelets to the wall.In our previous studies,it was found that swirling flows could suppress platelet adhesion in small-caliber artificial grafts and end-to-end anastomoses.In order to better understand the beneficial effect of the swirling flow,we numerically analyzed the near-wall concentration distribution of platelets in a straight tube and a sudden tubular expansion tube under both swirling flow and normal flow conditions.The numerical models were created based on our previous experimental studies.The simulation results revealed that when compared with the normal flow,the swirling flow could significantly reduce the near-wall concentration of platelets in both the straight tube and the expansion tube.The present numerical study therefore indicates that the reduction in platelet adhesion under swirling flow conditions in small-caliber arterial grafts,or in end-to-end anastomoses as observed in our previous experimental study,was possibly through a mechanism of platelet transport,in which the swirling flow reduced the near-wall concentration of platelets.

胸腹腔镜微创手术联合食管-胃三层包埋吻合在食管癌快速康复中的应用

目的:探究胸腹腔镜微创手术联合食管-胃三层包埋吻合在食管癌快速康复中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年2月—2021年2月在扬中市人民医院接受治疗的68例食管癌患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各34例。对照组采用胸腔镜食管癌根治术联合管型吻合器行端侧吻合加间断缝合包埋,观察组采用胸腹腔镜微创手术联合食管-胃三层包埋吻合。比较两组手术总时间、胸腹部操作时间、颈部操作时间、术后首次下床时间、术后首次排气时间、术后首次排便时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症发生情况。结果:观察组手术总时间、胸腹部操作时间、颈部操作时间、术后首次下床时间、术后首次排气时间、术后首次排便时间、术后住院时间短于对照组,术后吻合口瘘、肺部感染、心律失常、胃排空延迟、术后鼻咽不适感发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸腹腔镜微创手术联合食管-胃三层包埋吻合在食管癌快速康复中的应用效果较好,手术用时少,术后恢复快,并发症少,利于患者的术后康复。

圆锥形胃残端套叠包埋在食管癌根治术中抗反流的临床研究

目的 研究圆锥形胃残端套叠包埋在食管癌根治术中抗反流的临床效果。方法 选取2020年6月至2022年6月于我院拟行食管癌根结术的60例患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,各30例。2组患者均行腔镜食管癌根治术并行食管-胃端侧机械吻合,观察组行食管-胃端侧机械吻合后,采用圆锥形胃残端套叠包埋技术。比较2组患者围术期相关指标、术后并发症及胃食管反流情况。采用反流性疾病问卷(RDQ)评分和食管内24 h pH监测评估术后抗反流效果。结果 观察组患者手术时间、消化道重建时间均长于对照组(P<0.05),而2组患者术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、首次排气时间及术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者术后胃食管反流的严重程度较对照组轻,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者RDQ评分、24 h反流次数、>5 min反流次数、pH<4时间及最长反流时间均明显低/少/短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 圆锥形胃残端套叠包埋技术应用于食管癌根治术中安全可行,虽手术时间及消化道重建时间略有延长,但并未增加围术期相关风险,可明显减少患者术后胃食管反流的发生,并减轻了其严重程度,具有较好的抗反流作用。

食管、胃吻合术式与吻合口愈合的关系——分层吻合法与全层吻合法的比较研究

本文对食管、胃层—层吻合术和全层吻合术进行比较观察。通过实验动物和临床病例术后随访,X线食管造影和食管镜检查,前一术式的吻合瘘发生率为0.4％,吻合口狭窄为2％,吞咽不适为36％;后一术式依次分别为4.2％,16％,72％。两者比较3项均有显著性差异。作者认为,层-层吻合术能显著地减少吻合口瘘和狭窄的发生。

不同食管胃吻合方式对术后并发症影响的Meta分析

目的探讨手工吻合与器械吻合(端侧吻合和侧侧吻合)对食管胃吻合术后吻合口并发症及死亡率的影响。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验资料库,检索时间均从建库至2012年2月,收集比较手工吻合与器械吻合(端侧吻合和侧侧吻合)对食管胃吻合术后并发症的随机对照研究,对符合纳入标准的临床研究进行质量评价和资料提取后,采用RevMan5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入11项研究,合计1207例患者;所有的研究均是前瞻性研究,均未采用盲法,Jadad评分4分的8篇,3分的3篇。各研究间无显著异质性,采用固定效应模型分析。11个研究报道了吻合口瘘发生率,术后吻合口瘘发生率差异无统计学意义(优势比1.07,95%可信区间0.67～1.73,P=0.77)。10个研究报道了术后良性吻合口狭窄率,环形吻合器吻合组吻合口狭窄率高于手工吻合组(优势比2.20,95%可信区间1.54～3.15,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。1个研究报道了侧侧吻合方法,吻合口瘘及狭窄发生率均显著低于环形吻合器吻合及手工吻合。7个研究报道了术后住院死亡率(优势比1.29,95%可信区间0.59～2.85,P=0.527),不同吻合方式间术后住院死亡率差异无统计学意义。所有研究无明显发表偏倚。结论不同吻合方式(手工吻合、器械端侧吻合和器械侧侧吻合)对食管胃吻合术后吻合口瘘发生率、死亡率无显著影响,但环形吻合器行食管胃端侧吻合较手工吻合术后良性吻合口狭窄率显著增高。

管状吻合器在食管癌颈部吻合中的改进及应用体会

背景与目的:食管癌颈部吻合与胸内吻合相比能减少术后并发症,但吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄仍是食管癌颈部吻合的主要并发症,而吻合器则能有效减少此术后并发症。本研究改进了管状吻合器在食管癌颈部吻合的操作步骤并评价其临床疗效。方法:对2006年10月至2008年4月127例食管癌患者行食管癌根治术。胃代食管置入食管床,改进了管状吻合器在颈部的操作步骤并进行食管胃器械吻合。分析术后并发症发生情况。结果:全部患者无手术死亡及吻合口出血,吻合口瘘1例(0.8%),吻合口狭窄5例(3.9%),经扩张后好转。结论:改进后的管状吻合器颈部吻合技术安全有效,可降低术后吻合口并发症。

微创Ivor-Lewis食管切除术在食管胃结合部腺癌中的应用

目的探讨微创Ivor-Lewis食管切除术(minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy,MI-ILE)治疗食管胃结合部腺癌的可行性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月~2019年6月MI-ILE治疗食管胃结合部腺癌48例资料。SiewertⅠ型11例,Ⅱ型31例,Ⅲ型6例。病灶距门齿距离(38.8±2.5)cm。结果手术时间(250.8±42.0)min,术中出血(120.3±67.0)ml。均行R0切除。27例术前新辅助治疗,26例(96%)术后病理显示部分缓解。清扫淋巴结(28.6±10.6)枚,36例淋巴结转移(8.0±5.0)枚。术后吻合口漏2例(4%),1例手术治疗,1例保守治疗,均痊愈。术后住院日(9.7±3.2)d。平均随访14个月(5~22个月),肿瘤均无复发,无死亡。结论MI-ILE治疗食管胃结合部腺癌可以保证满意的上下切缘和足够的淋巴结清扫范围,手术安全可靠。

食管胃端端吻合在食管胃交界部癌切除术中的应用

目的:探讨食管胃端端吻合在食管胃交界部癌切除术中的临床应用价值。方法:48例食管胃交界部癌行常规近半胃切除及区域淋巴结清扫后,采用食管胃端端吻合重建消化道,并重点观察术后切缘癌残留率、吻合口瘘以及术后3个月胃肠功能,包括吻合口狭窄、胃食管反流、进食量、进食频率、胃排空情况及体重恢复情况。结果:本组48例患者手术均顺利完成,术后无切缘癌残留、吻合口瘘、胃排空障碍以及胸胃综合征等并发症的发生。术后3个月吻合口狭窄3例(6.3%),胃食管反流症状者13例(27.0%),进餐量与术前进餐量之比为(0.83±0.14)kg,每天进餐频率为(4.1±1.2)次,体重恢复到术前的患者占41.5%。结论:食管胃端端吻合在食管胃交界部癌切除手术中安全可行,能降低食管胃切缘癌残留的发生率和全胃切除的可能性,预防术后胃排空障碍,减小术后饭量损失,利于患者树立生活信心,改善术后生活质量,值得临床推广应用,特别适用于贲门肿瘤较大(胃体侵犯较多)和胃体较小者。

食管切除后食管胃器械吻合与手工吻合疗效的Meta分析

目的:系统评价食管切除术后食管胃器械吻合与手工吻合的临床安全性和疗效。方法:计算机检索Pub Med、EMbase、The Cochrane Library(2015年第11期)、Web of Science、CBM、CNKI、VIP和Wan Fang Data。检索时限均为各数据库建库至2015年11月30日,收集器械吻合与手工吻合对食管胃吻合术后吻合口并发症影响的相关的随机对照试验(RCT),按照纳入排除标准筛选文献,对符合标准的RCT由2位研究者独立进行资料提取和质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入19个RCT共2 558例。Meta分析显示:与手工吻合相比,器械吻合减少了手术时间[MD=-20.75,95%CI(-31.42,-10.07),P=0.000 1],减少了吻合时间[MD=-14.91,95%CI(-28.10,-1.72),P=0.03],减少了术中出血量[MD=-12.66,95%CI(-23.91,-1.41),P=0.03];但在术后吻合口瘘发生率[RR=0.77,95%CI(0.57,1.04),P=0.09],吻合口狭窄发生率[RR=1.44,95%CI(0.95,2.19),P=0.09],胃食管反流发生率[RR=1.21,95%CI(0.86,1.69),P=0.28],术后死亡率[RR=1.15,95%CI(0.79,1.66),P=0.47],肺部并发症发生率[RR=1.14,95%CI(0.92,1.43),P=0.24]和术后住院时间[MD=-2.73,95%CI(-6.76,1.30),P=0.18]等方面,二者差异无统计学意义。结论:与手工吻合相比较,器械吻合可以减少手术时间、吻合时间及术中出血量,但对食管胃吻合术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、胃食管反流、术后死亡率、肺部并发症的发生率以及术后住院时间无显著影响。

侧侧吻合在胸腹腔镜食管癌切除术中运用的临床分析

目的:探讨食管胃颈部侧侧吻合在胸腹腔镜食管癌切除术中运用的安全性及可行性。方法:总结分析2011年3月至2011年9月52例食管癌患者在胸腹腔镜食管癌切除术中颈部采用食管胃侧侧吻合的临床资料。结果:患者吻合过程均顺利,全组手术时间180～435 min,平均264 min,其中吻合平均时间约23 min。术中出血50～450 ml,平均120 ml。全组无死亡病例。术后吻合口瘘发生4例,术后短期随访无吻合口狭窄。结论:食管胃颈部侧侧吻合在胸腹腔镜食管癌切除术中运用安全、可行。

端端分层吻合加胃底套入包埋在微创食管癌切除术中的应用

背景与目的:食管癌术中胃与食管吻合的方式有多种,每种吻合方式各有优缺点。探讨端端分层吻合加胃底套入包埋在微创食管癌切除术中的安全性和实用性。方法:回顾并分析2019年4月—2021年4月在自贡市第四人民医院接受微创食管癌切除术的129例患者的临床病理学资料。全部患者采用胸腹腔镜联合下颈胸腹三切口(McKeown术式)的食管癌切除方法,胸部操作在胸腔镜下完成,腹部操作在腹腔镜下完成。根据吻合方式分为端端分层吻合组(87例)和端侧器械吻合组(42例)。术后随访比较两组的并发症,其中吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、胃食管反流是本研究的主要观察目标。结果:129例患者均顺利完成微创食管癌切除手术。端端分层吻合组术前接受新辅助治疗的患者较端侧器械吻合组多(12.0%vs 2.3%,P=0.037),两组患者的其余基本临床资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组的平均手术时间无显著差异。端侧器械吻合组的吻合时间少于端端分层吻合组[(32.0±6.8)min vs(15.0±5.4)min,P=0.021]。两组术后并发症中吻合口瘘(1.1%vs 11.9%,P=0.023)、胃食管反流(9.1%vs 26.1%,P=0.012)、肺炎(12.6%vs 30.9%,P=0.023)及心律失常的发生率(10.3%vs 26.1.%,P=0.020)差异均有统计学意义。结论:端端分层吻合加胃底套入包埋在食管癌切除术中安全、可靠,能有效地防止吻合口瘘及胃食管反流症状。

食管胃吻合口狭窄的扩张治疗

目的：探讨食管胃吻合口狭窄的扩张治疗。方法：在内镜及监视系统引导下应用哑铃型气囊导管食管狭窄扩张器治疗食管胃吻合口狭窄１１２例。结果：按Ｓｔｏｏｌｅｒ分级，治疗前Ⅱ～Ⅳ级分别为４１、４８及２３例。治疗后０～Ⅲ级分别为７６、２１、６和１例。结论：本扩张器具有良好的耐压性，自限性、可复性及膨胀性扩张无轴向剪力，能避免其它扩张方法所致的并发症，是治疗食管胃吻合口狭窄的好方法。

食管胃手工分层吻合术治疗食管癌、食管胃交界部癌的疗效观察

目的:探讨食管癌、食管胃交界部癌切除食管胃手工分层吻合术的疗效。方法:回顾性分析50例食管癌、食管胃交界部癌切除食管胃手工分层吻合术的恢复情况,统计吻合口瘘和狭窄的发生率,总结疗效和手术体会。结果:本组患者50例手术均顺利。2例吻合口炎症,5例慢性残胃炎,部分有胸痛、上腹胀痛、反酸、腹泻等症状,未出现吻合口瘘及狭窄。结论:食管胃手工分层吻合可以明显降低食管癌、食管胃交界部癌术后吻合口瘘和狭窄的发生,而且可以降低费用,值得临床推广应用。

食管癌、贲门癌切除胃食管分层吻合手术治疗体会

目的:探讨食管癌、贲门癌切除胃、食管分层吻合手术的疗效。方法:回顾性分析22例食管癌、贲门癌切除胃食管分层吻合手术的恢复情况,统计吻合口瘘和狭窄的发生率,总结疗效和手术体会。结果:本组患者22例手术均顺利。术后肺部感染3例,房颤2例,心功能不全1例,无吻合口瘘发生。除2例进干硬食物有轻微梗阻感外,其余患者进食均通畅。1例早期进食、下床活动,促成快速恢复;1例出现反流性食管炎。结论:食管、胃分层吻合可以明显降低食管癌、贲门癌术后吻合口瘘和狭窄的发生,而且可以降低费用,值得临床推广应用。

胸腹腔镜下经口腔置入吻合器底钉座的食管癌根治手术的疗效观察

目的:探讨胸腹腔镜下经口腔置入吻合器底钉座的食管癌根治手术的临床疗效和预后情况。方法:选取我科2008年1月至2013年1月进行手术治疗的食管癌患者共100例,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组予以经口置入钉砧头系统(Or Vil)胸腹腔镜食管癌切除胃食管胸腔内吻合术,对照组予以传统开放手术。对比两组患者的手术及术后一般情况、淋巴结清扫情况、术后短期并发症发生率和术后1年随访情况。结果:实验组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后第1天引流量、术后引流管留置时间和术后住院时间明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。2组患者的清扫淋巴结总数、清扫淋巴结组数、胸腔及腹腔淋巴结清扫数无明显差异,P>0.05。实验组术后短期并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组术后的复发或转移率、死亡率、吻合口狭窄和反流发生率和对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:胸腹腔镜下经口腔置入吻合器底钉座手术风险较小,术后并发症发生率低,同时和传统开胸手术相比,根治食管癌能力无明显差异,值得临床应用。