Twenty-five years ago,Nembrot and colleagues reported amplification of the estrogen receptor alpha gene(ESR1) in breast cancer,initiating a broad and still ongoing scientific debate on the prevalence and clinical sign...Twenty-five years ago,Nembrot and colleagues reported amplification of the estrogen receptor alpha gene(ESR1) in breast cancer,initiating a broad and still ongoing scientific debate on the prevalence and clinical significance of this genetic aberration,which affects one of the most important genes in breast cancer.Since then,a multitude of studies on this topic has been published,covering a wide range of divergent results and arguments.The reported prevalence of this alteration in breast cancer ranges from 0% to 75%,suggesting that ESR1 copy number analysis is hampered by technical and interpreter issues.To date,two major issues related to ESR1 amplification remain to be conclusively addressed:(1) The extent to which abundant amounts of messenger RNA can mimic amplification in standard fluorescence in situ hybridization assays in the analysis of strongly expressed genes like ESR1,and(2) the clinical relevance of ESR1 amplification:Such relevance is strongly disputed,with data showing predictive value for response as well as for resistance of the cancer to anti-estrogen therapies,or for subsequent development of cancers in the case of precursor lesions that display amplification of ESR1.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the various views on ESR1 amplification,and highlights explanations for the contradictions and conflicting data that could inform future ESR1 research.展开更多
Background A number of studies have examined the association between estrogen receptor alpha （ESR-a） gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density （BMD）, but previous studies of ESR-a gene Xbal （rs9340799） and Pvu...Background A number of studies have examined the association between estrogen receptor alpha （ESR-a） gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density （BMD）, but previous studies of ESR-a gene Xbal （rs9340799） and Pvull （rs2234693） polymorphisms have been hampered by small sample size, regional restrictions and inconclusive results. Thus a meta-analysis is needed to assess their pooled effects. Methods This study reviewed all published articles indexed in Pubmed using the keywords in the title or abstract. All data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a standard form, the studies were meta-analyzed and minor discrepancies were resolved by authors＇ discussion. Results Twenty seven eligible studies involving 8467 women and 2032 men were identified. The Xbal and Pvull polymorphisms were significantly associated with BMD of the lumbar spine. XX and PP homozygotes had a protective effect in comparison with carriers of the x and p alleles, the effects were more significant in premenopausal women or Western women. At the femoral neck, the results were different. XX served as a protective factor in postmenopausal women, Western women, Western postmenopausal women, and men, while PP was likely to serve as a risk factor in Eastern women, Eastern postmenopausal women, and men. Conclusions The Xbal polymorphism is correlated to BMD at diverse skeletal sites. PP had a protective role for the lumbar spine but might be a risk factor for the femoral neck.展开更多
Background Estrogen might play an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the estrogen receptor alpha （ERα） gene （also named ESR1）, including the ...Background Estrogen might play an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the estrogen receptor alpha （ERα） gene （also named ESR1）, including the XbaⅠ and PvuⅡ restriction enzyme polymorphisms of ESR1, which may be involved in disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether ER0t gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and serum lipid level. Methods Two hundred and ninety-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were compared with three hundred and forty-one health controls of Guangzhou in China, both were male and postmenopausal female residents at 51--70 years. ESR1 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and PvulI and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） analysis. Results ESR1 allelic frequencies of P, p and X, x alleles were 0.408, 0.592; 0.360, 0.640 in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group and 0.318, 0.682; 0.328, 0.672 in the control group, respectively. In case-control study, there was significant difference in PvuⅡ, but not XbaⅠ, allele frequency between the type 2 diabetes mellitus and control groups （P=0.001 and P=0.122）. When the group was separated into men and women, the difference was significant in women （P〈0.001） but not in men （P=0.854） with the PvulI genotype, and the effect of PvulI variant on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus was improved with aging. In addition, PvulI genotype was associated with blood glucose [fasting blood glucose （FBG）, postprandial blood glucose （PBG）] and serum lipid [total cholesterol （TC） and low density lipoprotein （LDL）-c] concentration in healthy women. Conclusions PvuII polymorphism of ESRI increases susceptibifity to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Guangzhou women. ESR1 variants may also impact serum lipid metabolism, which might provide a mechanism connecting ESR1 to type 2 diabetes.展开更多
目的探讨生育期妇女子宫内膜息肉组织中雌激素受体α(ERα)、雌激素受体β(ERβ)、孕激素受体(PR)及Bcl-2的表达及意义。方法用免疫组织化学PV 6000法,检测110例子宫内膜息肉组织ERα、ERβ、PR及Bcl-2的表达,并采用Image Pro Plus 6.0...目的探讨生育期妇女子宫内膜息肉组织中雌激素受体α(ERα)、雌激素受体β(ERβ)、孕激素受体(PR)及Bcl-2的表达及意义。方法用免疫组织化学PV 6000法,检测110例子宫内膜息肉组织ERα、ERβ、PR及Bcl-2的表达,并采用Image Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件进行分析。以45例正常子宫内膜作对照。结果在增殖期,内膜息肉组织中ERα及ERβ的表达水平与正常子宫内膜比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而PR的表达水平低于正常内膜(t=2.589,P<0.05),Bcl-2的表达水平高于正常内膜(t=2.716,P<0.01)。在分泌期,内膜息肉组织中ER-α及Bcl-2表达水平高于正常子宫内膜,PR的表达水平低于正常子宫内膜,差异均有显著性(t=2.574、2.581、2.579,P<0.05),ERβ的表达水平与正常内膜比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ERα、Bcl-2的高表达和PR相应的低表达可能是子宫内膜息肉形成的病因,ERα可能是在子宫内膜息肉形成过程中发挥主要作用的雌激素受体亚型。展开更多
目的探讨雌激素受体α(ER-α)基因XbaⅠ、PvuⅡ位点多态性与女性膝骨关节炎(KOA)易感性的关系。方法通过计算机检索Pubmed、EMBASE、CENTRAL、Web of science、Ovid、知网、维普和万方数据库,收集有关ER-α基因XbaⅠ (A/G)或PvuⅡ (T/C...目的探讨雌激素受体α(ER-α)基因XbaⅠ、PvuⅡ位点多态性与女性膝骨关节炎(KOA)易感性的关系。方法通过计算机检索Pubmed、EMBASE、CENTRAL、Web of science、Ovid、知网、维普和万方数据库,收集有关ER-α基因XbaⅠ (A/G)或PvuⅡ (T/C)位点多态性与女性KOA易感性的研究。提取相关数据,计算OR值及95%CI,利用STATA 11软件行Meta分析。结果共纳入7篇文献,9个病例-对照或队列研究,试验组2 194例,对照组2 959例。总体结果显示,XbaⅠ、PvuⅡ位点多态性与女性KOA易感性均无显著相关(P>0.05)。亚组分析结果显示,XbaⅠ位点多态性(G vs A; GG vs AA; GG+AG vs AA; GG vs AG+AA)可显著降低亚洲女性KOA的发病风险(P<0.01);PvuⅡ位点多态性(C vs T; CC vs TT; CC vs CT+TT)可显著增加亚洲女性KOA的发病风险(P<0.01)。结论本研究提示ER-α基因XbaⅠ、PvuⅡ位点多态性与女性KOA易感性存在种族差异,但本实验纳入样本量较少,结论仍需更多研究予以证实。展开更多
文摘Twenty-five years ago,Nembrot and colleagues reported amplification of the estrogen receptor alpha gene(ESR1) in breast cancer,initiating a broad and still ongoing scientific debate on the prevalence and clinical significance of this genetic aberration,which affects one of the most important genes in breast cancer.Since then,a multitude of studies on this topic has been published,covering a wide range of divergent results and arguments.The reported prevalence of this alteration in breast cancer ranges from 0% to 75%,suggesting that ESR1 copy number analysis is hampered by technical and interpreter issues.To date,two major issues related to ESR1 amplification remain to be conclusively addressed:(1) The extent to which abundant amounts of messenger RNA can mimic amplification in standard fluorescence in situ hybridization assays in the analysis of strongly expressed genes like ESR1,and(2) the clinical relevance of ESR1 amplification:Such relevance is strongly disputed,with data showing predictive value for response as well as for resistance of the cancer to anti-estrogen therapies,or for subsequent development of cancers in the case of precursor lesions that display amplification of ESR1.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the various views on ESR1 amplification,and highlights explanations for the contradictions and conflicting data that could inform future ESR1 research.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30973046）.
文摘Background A number of studies have examined the association between estrogen receptor alpha （ESR-a） gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density （BMD）, but previous studies of ESR-a gene Xbal （rs9340799） and Pvull （rs2234693） polymorphisms have been hampered by small sample size, regional restrictions and inconclusive results. Thus a meta-analysis is needed to assess their pooled effects. Methods This study reviewed all published articles indexed in Pubmed using the keywords in the title or abstract. All data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a standard form, the studies were meta-analyzed and minor discrepancies were resolved by authors＇ discussion. Results Twenty seven eligible studies involving 8467 women and 2032 men were identified. The Xbal and Pvull polymorphisms were significantly associated with BMD of the lumbar spine. XX and PP homozygotes had a protective effect in comparison with carriers of the x and p alleles, the effects were more significant in premenopausal women or Western women. At the femoral neck, the results were different. XX served as a protective factor in postmenopausal women, Western women, Western postmenopausal women, and men, while PP was likely to serve as a risk factor in Eastern women, Eastern postmenopausal women, and men. Conclusions The Xbal polymorphism is correlated to BMD at diverse skeletal sites. PP had a protective role for the lumbar spine but might be a risk factor for the femoral neck.
文摘Background Estrogen might play an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the estrogen receptor alpha （ERα） gene （also named ESR1）, including the XbaⅠ and PvuⅡ restriction enzyme polymorphisms of ESR1, which may be involved in disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether ER0t gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and serum lipid level. Methods Two hundred and ninety-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were compared with three hundred and forty-one health controls of Guangzhou in China, both were male and postmenopausal female residents at 51--70 years. ESR1 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and PvulI and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） analysis. Results ESR1 allelic frequencies of P, p and X, x alleles were 0.408, 0.592; 0.360, 0.640 in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group and 0.318, 0.682; 0.328, 0.672 in the control group, respectively. In case-control study, there was significant difference in PvuⅡ, but not XbaⅠ, allele frequency between the type 2 diabetes mellitus and control groups （P=0.001 and P=0.122）. When the group was separated into men and women, the difference was significant in women （P〈0.001） but not in men （P=0.854） with the PvulI genotype, and the effect of PvulI variant on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus was improved with aging. In addition, PvulI genotype was associated with blood glucose [fasting blood glucose （FBG）, postprandial blood glucose （PBG）] and serum lipid [total cholesterol （TC） and low density lipoprotein （LDL）-c] concentration in healthy women. Conclusions PvuII polymorphism of ESRI increases susceptibifity to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Guangzhou women. ESR1 variants may also impact serum lipid metabolism, which might provide a mechanism connecting ESR1 to type 2 diabetes.
文摘目的探讨生育期妇女子宫内膜息肉组织中雌激素受体α(ERα)、雌激素受体β(ERβ)、孕激素受体(PR)及Bcl-2的表达及意义。方法用免疫组织化学PV 6000法,检测110例子宫内膜息肉组织ERα、ERβ、PR及Bcl-2的表达,并采用Image Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件进行分析。以45例正常子宫内膜作对照。结果在增殖期,内膜息肉组织中ERα及ERβ的表达水平与正常子宫内膜比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而PR的表达水平低于正常内膜(t=2.589,P<0.05),Bcl-2的表达水平高于正常内膜(t=2.716,P<0.01)。在分泌期,内膜息肉组织中ER-α及Bcl-2表达水平高于正常子宫内膜,PR的表达水平低于正常子宫内膜,差异均有显著性(t=2.574、2.581、2.579,P<0.05),ERβ的表达水平与正常内膜比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ERα、Bcl-2的高表达和PR相应的低表达可能是子宫内膜息肉形成的病因,ERα可能是在子宫内膜息肉形成过程中发挥主要作用的雌激素受体亚型。
文摘目的探讨雌激素受体α(ER-α)基因XbaⅠ、PvuⅡ位点多态性与女性膝骨关节炎(KOA)易感性的关系。方法通过计算机检索Pubmed、EMBASE、CENTRAL、Web of science、Ovid、知网、维普和万方数据库,收集有关ER-α基因XbaⅠ (A/G)或PvuⅡ (T/C)位点多态性与女性KOA易感性的研究。提取相关数据,计算OR值及95%CI,利用STATA 11软件行Meta分析。结果共纳入7篇文献,9个病例-对照或队列研究,试验组2 194例,对照组2 959例。总体结果显示,XbaⅠ、PvuⅡ位点多态性与女性KOA易感性均无显著相关(P>0.05)。亚组分析结果显示,XbaⅠ位点多态性(G vs A; GG vs AA; GG+AG vs AA; GG vs AG+AA)可显著降低亚洲女性KOA的发病风险(P<0.01);PvuⅡ位点多态性(C vs T; CC vs TT; CC vs CT+TT)可显著增加亚洲女性KOA的发病风险(P<0.01)。结论本研究提示ER-α基因XbaⅠ、PvuⅡ位点多态性与女性KOA易感性存在种族差异,但本实验纳入样本量较少,结论仍需更多研究予以证实。
