This paper aims to analyze and evaluate a model of forest conservation and management of ethnic minority (or indigenous) people in central Vietnam, often referred to as the spiritual forest. These forests, called sacr...This paper aims to analyze and evaluate a model of forest conservation and management of ethnic minority (or indigenous) people in central Vietnam, often referred to as the spiritual forest. These forests, called sacred forest or ghost forests by the ethnic minority people in Thua Thien Hue province, have existed for a long time among forest residents. However, they have recently declined, both in quality and quantity, due to various factors, including changes in society, economy, environment, and perception, among other reasons. Based on research conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province with household interviews, group discussions, and field surveys, we find that spiritual forest retains religious and human significance. They are also often among the last remaining natural forests left due to deforestation by human activities. The research results indicate challenges that conservation of spiritual forest may face, while giving recommendations derived from communities for sustainable forest development and conservation in the region.展开更多
Low fertility and population aging are important factors affecting economic and social development.From 2000 to 2020,the development of low fertility in ethnic minority areas shows three trends of accelerated declinin...Low fertility and population aging are important factors affecting economic and social development.From 2000 to 2020,the development of low fertility in ethnic minority areas shows three trends of accelerated declining,slow declining and first falling and then rising,which are the results of the balance between the inhibiting effect of controlling birth policy and the rapidly rising birth cost,and the promoting effect of encouraging birth policy on the fertility desire of social members.The development of aging in ethnic minority areas shows two trends of acceleration and deceleration,which are the results of the balance between the promoting effect of controlling birth policy,the outflow of young and middle-aged labor force and the rise of life expectancy,and the inhibiting effect of the encouraging birth policy,the restraint of talent return and talent introduction.Combined with the development degree of low fertility and aging,we can accurately classify and implement policies for different ethnic minority areas.The areas with serious low fertility and population aging problems need economic policies to change the population age structure as soon as possible.The areas with slight low fertility and population aging problems should carry out ideological policies in priority to maintain the benign structure of population age.展开更多
Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minori...Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates(PBSEMC)has been issued,whose,however,effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored.The difference-in-differences(DID)analysis based on cross-sectional data,which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm,was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988.The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities,and gender,residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class,aligning with the previous literature.The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities.However,the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise,in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.展开更多
As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups, Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousa...As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups, Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousands of years ago. Among these are various ethnic folk chess games. They are time-honored with many types such as the “Fang” chess of the Hui ethnic group, the “Jiu” chess of the Tibetans, the “King and Ministers” chess, the Mongolian chess, the Mongolian military chess, etc. These games embody distinctive ethnic and regional characteristics, as well as the cultural elements of a particular ethnic minority group. It is of great significance, therefore, to study the ethnic chess by collecting, documenting and comparing different types of related chess. The paper explores ways to standardize, protect and promote them scientifically in joint efforts, and draws a conclusion that examining their significance in the present era and the ethnic characteristics is the key to understanding the profound culture behind the chess.展开更多
Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve lan...Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.展开更多
Listening and speaking is of great importance in language communication, which is being paid close attention to in TEFL in China. However, as most of ethnic minorities are living far away from developed districts, the...Listening and speaking is of great importance in language communication, which is being paid close attention to in TEFL in China. However, as most of ethnic minorities are living far away from developed districts, they lack necessary sources in English listening teaching, which makes the local learners' listening ability not so satisfactory. This paper, based on the questionnaire, analyzes the problems existing in current English listening teaching in ethnic minority districts, and puts forward some suggestive solutions.展开更多
In order to pray for harvest and express gratitude, Dong ethnic arranged sacrifices of farming in accordance with periodicity of rice production and its requirements to festivals and calendar. Meanwhile, New Year, Pra...In order to pray for harvest and express gratitude, Dong ethnic arranged sacrifices of farming in accordance with periodicity of rice production and its requirements to festivals and calendar. Meanwhile, New Year, Pray in Spring and Return in Autumn not only play significant roles in agricultural production, but also evolve to farming holidays which are enriched with more social connotations. Centered on husbandry and production, some folklore that is rich in local color has been formed in Dong society. The writer introduced some farming ritual of Dong ethnic group, such as, sowing, Kai Yang Men, Rain-praying, Chang Xin, reaping and Lunar New Year, summarized their belief in the land worship, festival ritual, ancestor ritual and ceres ritual. It is concluded that sacrifice is a production-related folklore, which is formed by repeated operation and constant practice. Some taboos were also prohibited in agricultural sacrifice because people were not able to change the unfavorable reality of farming with their insufficient experience and knowledge; however, they resorted to witchcraft for the purpose of harvest. It is believed that the activity of sacrifice will also be kept in the life of Dong ethnic group due to their dependency on agriculture and the land.展开更多
We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-I and HVS-II of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes, Comparing with Anderson sequence, 79 polymorphic loci in HVS-I...We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-I and HVS-II of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes, Comparing with Anderson sequence, 79 polymorphic loci in HVS-I and 40 in HVS-II were found in Chinese Tu ethnic minority group mtDNA sequences, and 90 and 64 haplotypes were then defined. Haplotype diversity and the mean pairwise differences were 0.9903±0.0013 and 5.7785 in HVS-I, and 0.9777±0.0013 and 3.5819 in HVS-II, respectively. By analyzing the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 1,6180 to 1,6193 in HVS-I, we defined some new types of sequence variations. We also compared the relationship between Tu population and other populations using mtDNA HVS-I sequences. According to Rst genetic distances, the phylogenetic tree showed that the Tu population, the Xi'an Han population, the Chinese Korean, and the Mongol ethnic group were in a clade. This indicated a close genetic relationship between them. There were far relations between the Tu population and other Chinese southern Han populations, Siberian, European, African, and other foreign populations. The results suggest that Tu population has a multi-origin and has also merged with other local populations.展开更多
China has made great efforts to alleviate poverty in rural ethnic minority areas and targeted achieving the poverty-alleviation task by the end of 2020.Aba,Ganzi,and Liangshan,three of the poorest ethnic prefectures i...China has made great efforts to alleviate poverty in rural ethnic minority areas and targeted achieving the poverty-alleviation task by the end of 2020.Aba,Ganzi,and Liangshan,three of the poorest ethnic prefectures in Sichuan Province,Southwest China,have all implemented“Internet+”tactics since 2013,which have had the positive effect of increasing family revenues by improving communication infrastructure and encouraging the large-scale use of e-commerce.This paper aims to comprehensively investigate whether“Internet+”tactics play a key role in poverty alleviation in Sichuan’s rural ethnic minority areas and to propose further measures to enhance the efficiency of e-commerce practice.To this end,we conduct an analysis using the framework of classic growth theory and use panel data from 2000 to 2018 to examine the relationship between Communication Infrastructure Investment(CII)and a set of poverty-alleviation indicators,including local GDP growth rate(LGGR),local government revenue(LGR),and per-capita income of residents(PCIR).The results indicate that strengthening CII improves the PCIR and local economic growth,playing a key role in poverty alleviation.However,the stimulation of CII on LGGR and LGR wanes as time passes.More financial and technical actions will be needed to improve the efficiency and quality of current strategies for sustainable development in those areas.展开更多
Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the eth...Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.展开更多
This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR.Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion...This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR.Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria,the study selected 38 empirical studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals.We find that there has been a surge of publications in Hong Kong in the past decade(2010–2020),and they are mostly authored by scholars from three universities in Hong Kong.Most of the research took a phenomenological approach,using interviews as the main data collection method and focusing on underprivileged South Asian students in secondary schools.The thematic analysis showed that Hong Kong’s CSL adopted a poststructuralist paradigm for understanding and revealing social inequalities surrounding Chinese language education for ethnic minority students.The study concludes that Hong Kong must decolonise its education system to genuinely support ethnic minority students to achieve educational equality and social justice.展开更多
In the context of Development of the West Regions and the construction of new countryside,on the basis of defining the concept of public goods,this article analyzes the status quo and layers of demand of rural public ...In the context of Development of the West Regions and the construction of new countryside,on the basis of defining the concept of public goods,this article analyzes the status quo and layers of demand of rural public goods in western ethnic minority areas:the demand of rural public goods in ethnic minority areas shows "pyramid" structure,that is,the most basic layer is production-based rural public goods,followed by life-based rural public goods and democratic-management-based rural public goods.Finally the countermeasures for achieving effective demand of rural public goods are put forward as follows:adhere to customers(farmers)-oriented principle;innovate upon the rural residents' demand expression mechanism of public goods in ethnic minority areas;achieve diversification of supply subject of rural public goods in ethnic minority areas.展开更多
<b>Objectives:</b> To understand sperm motility in adults and its association with lifestyle in an ethnic minority area in Southwest China. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style=&...<b>Objectives:</b> To understand sperm motility in adults and its association with lifestyle in an ethnic minority area in Southwest China. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> A hospital-based cross-sectional study to assess sperm motility in male adults was conducted at the Reproductive Health Center from January 2018 to May 2019. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">The </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">dat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span> was collected with a questionnaire and semen quality was analyzed with Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis system (CASA). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to measure the relationship between lifestyle factors and sperm motility. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span></span><b><span>Results:</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span> A total of 349 people were recruited. Dietary celery intake was significantly related to the increase of sperm progressive motility and total motility (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = 7.00, 95% CI: 1.59, 12.42 and </span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = 7.26, 95% CI: 1.45, 13.07, respectively). Cola consumption was associated with increased sperm progressive motility (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = 9.71, 95% CI: 1.46, 17.96). Frequent use of plastic bags for meat food storage (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -5.56, 95% CI: -10.61, -0.51), industry work (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">5.64, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">11.21, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>0.07), organic disease (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">6.14, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">11.00, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>1.28) and sedentary lifestyle (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">5.92, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">10.66, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">1.17 for 3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>5 h/d and </span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">6.04, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">11.60, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>0.47 for ≥5 h/d, respectively) were related with the decreased sperm progressive motility. Meanwhile, using plastic bags for meat food storage (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">6.37, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">11.79, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>0.95), industry work (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">7.96, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">13.94, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>1.98) and sedentary lifestyle (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">5.51, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">10.60, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">0.42 for 3-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>5 h/d and </span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">6.03, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">12.01, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>0.06 for ≥5 h/d, respectively) were also risk factors for total motility. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span></span><b><span>Conclusions:</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span> Some modifiable lifestyle factors such as job title, cola consumption, dietary celery intake, plastic bags for meat food storage</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""> and sedentary hours were linked to male sperm motility, indicating that changing these lifestyles may improve it.</span>展开更多
The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking marke...The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.展开更多
The ethnic minority villages are mainly distributed in the areas far away from the central China. Although those villages are abundant with cultural landscape resources, they are economically underdeveloped. Taking th...The ethnic minority villages are mainly distributed in the areas far away from the central China. Although those villages are abundant with cultural landscape resources, they are economically underdeveloped. Taking the ethnic village space as the study subject, the article analyzes its ethnic, regional and marginal characteristics and proposes that villages should become the future livable space as the urbanization of ethnic areas instead of being squeezed and occupied in spatial pattern. In villages, the living space should implement protection first. Three strategies are put forward in the article, comprehensive, partial and genetic protection strategies. And the agricultural space should possess productive, ecological and aesthetic values instead of emphasizing production only.展开更多
From analyzing the current situations of formative assessment of ethnic minority students' college English in China and abroad, this paper gives the specific problems, the significance, and the research values of con...From analyzing the current situations of formative assessment of ethnic minority students' college English in China and abroad, this paper gives the specific problems, the significance, and the research values of constructing the research. It tries to construct the formative assessment mode of ethnic minority class's college English on the basis of multimedia teaching, systematically and comprehensively investigates and analyzes the formative assessment's impacts upon the fostering of ethnic minority students' autonomous learning abilities, the impacts upon language learning and teaching, and the impacts upon the ethnic minority students' academic achievements and learning motives. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively enhance ethnic minority students' college English teaching qualities and the system of tests and assessments. The project based on relative theories and principals like language acquisition theory, humanism theory, constructivism theory, formative assessment, and summative assessment. According to the distinctiveness of ethnic minority college English teaching in science and technology, we are trying to construct the formative assessment system of ethnic minority college English teaching on the basis of multi-media network teaching mode. We comprehensively and systematically investigate and analyze the construction of the formative assessments' impact upon the cultivation of ethnic minority students' autonomous learning abilities, the impact upon language learning and teaching, the impact upon students' academic achievements, oral scores, and students' learning motivations.展开更多
English as an important international language has obtained increasing attention from Chinese educational institutions of different levels over more than three decades. Currently, in the background of social informati...English as an important international language has obtained increasing attention from Chinese educational institutions of different levels over more than three decades. Currently, in the background of social informatization and economic globalization, as an internationalized language, English is of importance to all the national people Therefore, fostering ethnic minority talents who have higher English quality is the core urgency of our high education as well. We should develop profoundly college English teaching study, summarize and explore new methods, new ideas in the realistic teaching work. However, recently, the college English teaching of ethnic minority class exists many obstacles on language teaching, textbook, examination, and so forth. This paper explores the specific reforms and connotations of ethnic minority college students' class construction by analyzing the current situation of college English teaching of ethnic minority class. Its aim is to enhance the college English teaching quality of ethnic minority class and make teaching quality get a new step in the field of college English teaching展开更多
There is a very ancient and magical ritual dance (leather drum dance) in the folk society of Qiang ethnic minority, which is located in Wenchuan, Maoxian County, and Beichuan County of the Northwest Plateau. It is a...There is a very ancient and magical ritual dance (leather drum dance) in the folk society of Qiang ethnic minority, which is located in Wenchuan, Maoxian County, and Beichuan County of the Northwest Plateau. It is a dance used by Qiang people to lead the way for honoring their gods, expelling the evil spirit, seeking happiness, and sending the soul of the dead to the heavy. In this paper, the origin, development, morphological characteristics, formation control, and social functions are studied.展开更多
Of the 55 ethnic minorities, 22 each has a population of less than 100,000. These minority people are relatively backwardin economic and social development and poverty haunts them. In 2005, the State Council launched ...Of the 55 ethnic minorities, 22 each has a population of less than 100,000. These minority people are relatively backwardin economic and social development and poverty haunts them. In 2005, the State Council launched a 5-year program to support the development of these small ethnic minorities and the State Development and Reform Commission and the State Commission for Ethnic Affairs have compiled a development program for these minority people. According to the programs, the State will commit 200 million yuan each year, totaling one billion yuan in five years, to the construction of infrastructure facilities in the areas inhabited by these minority people.展开更多
文摘This paper aims to analyze and evaluate a model of forest conservation and management of ethnic minority (or indigenous) people in central Vietnam, often referred to as the spiritual forest. These forests, called sacred forest or ghost forests by the ethnic minority people in Thua Thien Hue province, have existed for a long time among forest residents. However, they have recently declined, both in quality and quantity, due to various factors, including changes in society, economy, environment, and perception, among other reasons. Based on research conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province with household interviews, group discussions, and field surveys, we find that spiritual forest retains religious and human significance. They are also often among the last remaining natural forests left due to deforestation by human activities. The research results indicate challenges that conservation of spiritual forest may face, while giving recommendations derived from communities for sustainable forest development and conservation in the region.
基金supported by the Youth Project of Beijing Academy of Social Sciences(GrantNo.2022B6949)supported the project of Shanxi Academy of Education Sciences(Grant No.GH-21117)。
文摘Low fertility and population aging are important factors affecting economic and social development.From 2000 to 2020,the development of low fertility in ethnic minority areas shows three trends of accelerated declining,slow declining and first falling and then rising,which are the results of the balance between the inhibiting effect of controlling birth policy and the rapidly rising birth cost,and the promoting effect of encouraging birth policy on the fertility desire of social members.The development of aging in ethnic minority areas shows two trends of acceleration and deceleration,which are the results of the balance between the promoting effect of controlling birth policy,the outflow of young and middle-aged labor force and the rise of life expectancy,and the inhibiting effect of the encouraging birth policy,the restraint of talent return and talent introduction.Combined with the development degree of low fertility and aging,we can accurately classify and implement policies for different ethnic minority areas.The areas with serious low fertility and population aging problems need economic policies to change the population age structure as soon as possible.The areas with slight low fertility and population aging problems should carry out ideological policies in priority to maintain the benign structure of population age.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation(21BZZ021).
文摘Gaokao has been considered as the gatekeeper of intergenerational class reproduction in today’s slowing social mobility in China.In order to bolster the fairness of Gaokao,the Policy of Bonus Scores for Ethnic Minority Candidates(PBSEMC)has been issued,whose,however,effectiveness in promoting upward social class has not been adequately empirically explored.The difference-in-differences(DID)analysis based on cross-sectional data,which is distinct from the traditional DID analysis paradigm,was implemented to assess the Reform of PBSEMC in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 1988.The results showed that PBSEMC had a significant and positive impact on the social classes of ethnic minorities,and gender,residence type and occupation type were also relevant to social class,aligning with the previous literature.The PBSEMC is effective in improving the social classes of ethnic minorities.However,the PBSEMC policy should be made more precise,in order to benefit the candidates who are in genuine need of assistance.
文摘As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups, Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousands of years ago. Among these are various ethnic folk chess games. They are time-honored with many types such as the “Fang” chess of the Hui ethnic group, the “Jiu” chess of the Tibetans, the “King and Ministers” chess, the Mongolian chess, the Mongolian military chess, etc. These games embody distinctive ethnic and regional characteristics, as well as the cultural elements of a particular ethnic minority group. It is of great significance, therefore, to study the ethnic chess by collecting, documenting and comparing different types of related chess. The paper explores ways to standardize, protect and promote them scientifically in joint efforts, and draws a conclusion that examining their significance in the present era and the ethnic characteristics is the key to understanding the profound culture behind the chess.
基金Supported by Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province(09AC073)~~
文摘Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.
文摘Listening and speaking is of great importance in language communication, which is being paid close attention to in TEFL in China. However, as most of ethnic minorities are living far away from developed districts, they lack necessary sources in English listening teaching, which makes the local learners' listening ability not so satisfactory. This paper, based on the questionnaire, analyzes the problems existing in current English listening teaching in ethnic minority districts, and puts forward some suggestive solutions.
基金Supported by Fund of Guizhou Social Planning in Philosophy(09GHQN014)~~
文摘In order to pray for harvest and express gratitude, Dong ethnic arranged sacrifices of farming in accordance with periodicity of rice production and its requirements to festivals and calendar. Meanwhile, New Year, Pray in Spring and Return in Autumn not only play significant roles in agricultural production, but also evolve to farming holidays which are enriched with more social connotations. Centered on husbandry and production, some folklore that is rich in local color has been formed in Dong society. The writer introduced some farming ritual of Dong ethnic group, such as, sowing, Kai Yang Men, Rain-praying, Chang Xin, reaping and Lunar New Year, summarized their belief in the land worship, festival ritual, ancestor ritual and ceres ritual. It is concluded that sacrifice is a production-related folklore, which is formed by repeated operation and constant practice. Some taboos were also prohibited in agricultural sacrifice because people were not able to change the unfavorable reality of farming with their insufficient experience and knowledge; however, they resorted to witchcraft for the purpose of harvest. It is believed that the activity of sacrifice will also be kept in the life of Dong ethnic group due to their dependency on agriculture and the land.
文摘We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-I and HVS-II of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes, Comparing with Anderson sequence, 79 polymorphic loci in HVS-I and 40 in HVS-II were found in Chinese Tu ethnic minority group mtDNA sequences, and 90 and 64 haplotypes were then defined. Haplotype diversity and the mean pairwise differences were 0.9903±0.0013 and 5.7785 in HVS-I, and 0.9777±0.0013 and 3.5819 in HVS-II, respectively. By analyzing the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 1,6180 to 1,6193 in HVS-I, we defined some new types of sequence variations. We also compared the relationship between Tu population and other populations using mtDNA HVS-I sequences. According to Rst genetic distances, the phylogenetic tree showed that the Tu population, the Xi'an Han population, the Chinese Korean, and the Mongol ethnic group were in a clade. This indicated a close genetic relationship between them. There were far relations between the Tu population and other Chinese southern Han populations, Siberian, European, African, and other foreign populations. The results suggest that Tu population has a multi-origin and has also merged with other local populations.
基金This research has been supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.19BJL126)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71903139)+2 种基金It has been also supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.16YJC630089)Annual projects of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.2020-GMC-032)the Basic Scientific Research Service Fee Project of Central Universities of Sichuan University(Grant Nos.2020CXQ07 and skbsh2019-36).
文摘China has made great efforts to alleviate poverty in rural ethnic minority areas and targeted achieving the poverty-alleviation task by the end of 2020.Aba,Ganzi,and Liangshan,three of the poorest ethnic prefectures in Sichuan Province,Southwest China,have all implemented“Internet+”tactics since 2013,which have had the positive effect of increasing family revenues by improving communication infrastructure and encouraging the large-scale use of e-commerce.This paper aims to comprehensively investigate whether“Internet+”tactics play a key role in poverty alleviation in Sichuan’s rural ethnic minority areas and to propose further measures to enhance the efficiency of e-commerce practice.To this end,we conduct an analysis using the framework of classic growth theory and use panel data from 2000 to 2018 to examine the relationship between Communication Infrastructure Investment(CII)and a set of poverty-alleviation indicators,including local GDP growth rate(LGGR),local government revenue(LGR),and per-capita income of residents(PCIR).The results indicate that strengthening CII improves the PCIR and local economic growth,playing a key role in poverty alleviation.However,the stimulation of CII on LGGR and LGR wanes as time passes.More financial and technical actions will be needed to improve the efficiency and quality of current strategies for sustainable development in those areas.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930644).
文摘Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.
文摘This paper presents a systematic review of research on Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)education for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong SAR.Using three databases and screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria,the study selected 38 empirical studies published in English-language peer-reviewed journals.We find that there has been a surge of publications in Hong Kong in the past decade(2010–2020),and they are mostly authored by scholars from three universities in Hong Kong.Most of the research took a phenomenological approach,using interviews as the main data collection method and focusing on underprivileged South Asian students in secondary schools.The thematic analysis showed that Hong Kong’s CSL adopted a poststructuralist paradigm for understanding and revealing social inequalities surrounding Chinese language education for ethnic minority students.The study concludes that Hong Kong must decolonise its education system to genuinely support ethnic minority students to achieve educational equality and social justice.
基金Supported by Joint Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Guizhou College of Finance and Economics(2009LKC2020)Social Science Planning of Guizhou Province(11GZYB28)Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(10JD66)
文摘In the context of Development of the West Regions and the construction of new countryside,on the basis of defining the concept of public goods,this article analyzes the status quo and layers of demand of rural public goods in western ethnic minority areas:the demand of rural public goods in ethnic minority areas shows "pyramid" structure,that is,the most basic layer is production-based rural public goods,followed by life-based rural public goods and democratic-management-based rural public goods.Finally the countermeasures for achieving effective demand of rural public goods are put forward as follows:adhere to customers(farmers)-oriented principle;innovate upon the rural residents' demand expression mechanism of public goods in ethnic minority areas;achieve diversification of supply subject of rural public goods in ethnic minority areas.
文摘<b>Objectives:</b> To understand sperm motility in adults and its association with lifestyle in an ethnic minority area in Southwest China. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> A hospital-based cross-sectional study to assess sperm motility in male adults was conducted at the Reproductive Health Center from January 2018 to May 2019. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">The </span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">dat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span> was collected with a questionnaire and semen quality was analyzed with Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis system (CASA). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to measure the relationship between lifestyle factors and sperm motility. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span></span><b><span>Results:</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span> A total of 349 people were recruited. Dietary celery intake was significantly related to the increase of sperm progressive motility and total motility (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = 7.00, 95% CI: 1.59, 12.42 and </span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = 7.26, 95% CI: 1.45, 13.07, respectively). Cola consumption was associated with increased sperm progressive motility (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = 9.71, 95% CI: 1.46, 17.96). Frequent use of plastic bags for meat food storage (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -5.56, 95% CI: -10.61, -0.51), industry work (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">5.64, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">11.21, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>0.07), organic disease (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">6.14, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">11.00, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>1.28) and sedentary lifestyle (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">5.92, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">10.66, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">1.17 for 3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>5 h/d and </span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">6.04, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">11.60, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>0.47 for ≥5 h/d, respectively) were related with the decreased sperm progressive motility. Meanwhile, using plastic bags for meat food storage (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">6.37, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">11.79, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>0.95), industry work (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">7.96, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">13.94, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>1.98) and sedentary lifestyle (</span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">5.51, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">10.60, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">0.42 for 3-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>5 h/d and </span><i><span>β</span></i><span> = -</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">6.03, 95% CI: -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">12.01, -</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span>0.06 for ≥5 h/d, respectively) were also risk factors for total motility. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span></span><b><span>Conclusions:</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""><span> Some modifiable lifestyle factors such as job title, cola consumption, dietary celery intake, plastic bags for meat food storage</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "="">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;" "=""> and sedentary hours were linked to male sperm motility, indicating that changing these lifestyles may improve it.</span>
文摘The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.
文摘The ethnic minority villages are mainly distributed in the areas far away from the central China. Although those villages are abundant with cultural landscape resources, they are economically underdeveloped. Taking the ethnic village space as the study subject, the article analyzes its ethnic, regional and marginal characteristics and proposes that villages should become the future livable space as the urbanization of ethnic areas instead of being squeezed and occupied in spatial pattern. In villages, the living space should implement protection first. Three strategies are put forward in the article, comprehensive, partial and genetic protection strategies. And the agricultural space should possess productive, ecological and aesthetic values instead of emphasizing production only.
文摘From analyzing the current situations of formative assessment of ethnic minority students' college English in China and abroad, this paper gives the specific problems, the significance, and the research values of constructing the research. It tries to construct the formative assessment mode of ethnic minority class's college English on the basis of multimedia teaching, systematically and comprehensively investigates and analyzes the formative assessment's impacts upon the fostering of ethnic minority students' autonomous learning abilities, the impacts upon language learning and teaching, and the impacts upon the ethnic minority students' academic achievements and learning motives. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively enhance ethnic minority students' college English teaching qualities and the system of tests and assessments. The project based on relative theories and principals like language acquisition theory, humanism theory, constructivism theory, formative assessment, and summative assessment. According to the distinctiveness of ethnic minority college English teaching in science and technology, we are trying to construct the formative assessment system of ethnic minority college English teaching on the basis of multi-media network teaching mode. We comprehensively and systematically investigate and analyze the construction of the formative assessments' impact upon the cultivation of ethnic minority students' autonomous learning abilities, the impact upon language learning and teaching, the impact upon students' academic achievements, oral scores, and students' learning motivations.
文摘English as an important international language has obtained increasing attention from Chinese educational institutions of different levels over more than three decades. Currently, in the background of social informatization and economic globalization, as an internationalized language, English is of importance to all the national people Therefore, fostering ethnic minority talents who have higher English quality is the core urgency of our high education as well. We should develop profoundly college English teaching study, summarize and explore new methods, new ideas in the realistic teaching work. However, recently, the college English teaching of ethnic minority class exists many obstacles on language teaching, textbook, examination, and so forth. This paper explores the specific reforms and connotations of ethnic minority college students' class construction by analyzing the current situation of college English teaching of ethnic minority class. Its aim is to enhance the college English teaching quality of ethnic minority class and make teaching quality get a new step in the field of college English teaching
文摘There is a very ancient and magical ritual dance (leather drum dance) in the folk society of Qiang ethnic minority, which is located in Wenchuan, Maoxian County, and Beichuan County of the Northwest Plateau. It is a dance used by Qiang people to lead the way for honoring their gods, expelling the evil spirit, seeking happiness, and sending the soul of the dead to the heavy. In this paper, the origin, development, morphological characteristics, formation control, and social functions are studied.
文摘Of the 55 ethnic minorities, 22 each has a population of less than 100,000. These minority people are relatively backwardin economic and social development and poverty haunts them. In 2005, the State Council launched a 5-year program to support the development of these small ethnic minorities and the State Development and Reform Commission and the State Commission for Ethnic Affairs have compiled a development program for these minority people. According to the programs, the State will commit 200 million yuan each year, totaling one billion yuan in five years, to the construction of infrastructure facilities in the areas inhabited by these minority people.