Commuters＇ and Localists＇ Styles of Socio-Spatial Segregation in Three Types of Arab Communities in Israel

This article examines integration vs. segregation of Arabs in Israel＇s social sphere. Most geo-spatial studies regarding inter-ethnic relations are single dimensional, focusing on residential segregation assuming its association to the social domain. We argue that in the globalizing world daily activity spaces, social networks and influences on everyday life conditions are rooted in growing horizons around residential location weakening the power of residential location to dictate life conditions. Hence we suggest employing a multi-dimensional approach. Specifically, we explore the associations among residential spaces （relating to Arab residents of： purely Arab localities; mixed-Jewish-Arab cities, and Jewish cities）; main activity spaces （commuters to Jewish areas and localists--people staying mostly in the Arab localities） and social integration （social networks; repertoire of identities; attitudes toward integration and knowledge of Hebrew）. The data incorporate tracking the movements of 177 responders for a week （using a GPS logger） and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed quantitatively. Core findings suggest that both residential place and activity spaces affect social integration, however, the locality type has a greater affect. In addition, we identified four integration sorts according to kinds of municipality, activity spaces, and integration measures： （1） segregated localists living in Arab municipalities; （2） commuters living in Arab localities characterized by limited integration; （3） Arabs residing in Jewish cities that succeeded economically but are characterized by limited social integration, and （4） those living in mixed cities which enjoy the highest, yet limited integration level.

A Brief Discussion on the Approach and Methodology of the Study on the History of Exchanges,Communication and Integration of the Chinese Nation

The study of the history of exchanges,communication and integration of the Chinese nation belongs to the specialized research category of history(thematic history).It has a close inheritance relationship with traditional ethnic history,and border history research,and has obvious development.The study of the history of"Exchanges,Communication and Integration"is based on historical studies and adopts interdisciplinary methods.Through four thematic fields of politics,economy,society and culture,it excavates,organizes,and studies the basic historical facts of exchanges,communication and integration within and between the Chinese nation.It reveals that the various ethnic groups in China reach a consensus politically,integrate with each other culturally,connect closely to each other emotionally,and ultimately form a pattern of unity in diversity.It responds to the requirements of the new era for historical research,with the main focus on fostering a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation,adhering to the correct historical view of the Chinese nation,adhering to the theory of unity in diversity pattern of the Chinese nation,and promoting the Chinese nation to become a community with a higher degree of identity and stronger cohesion.