Under the water resources perspective,coupling coordination of economy-ecology-society system in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. By building the coupling evaluation index system of the water resources-econo...Under the water resources perspective,coupling coordination of economy-ecology-society system in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. By building the coupling evaluation index system of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system,quantitative evaluation and analysis of the coupling coordination of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system from 2001 to 2014 were conducted. The results showed that benefit indexes of economic system and social system grew rapidly,while benefit indexes of water resources system and ecosystem fluctuated smoothly from 2001 to 2014; coupling state of the whole system was at rival stage,and coupling coordination was reluctant coordination type,and the coupling index was slightly higher than the coupling coordination index. Moreover,it showed that the more the coupling systems,the lower indices of coupling and the coupling coordination.展开更多
The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been inc...The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been increasingly used to improve the management of vulnerable ecosystems to prevent further degradation and increase the sustainability of land use. This study presents a methodology to assess land suitability using remote sensing （RS） to obtain wall-to-wall data for the calculations, GIS to analyze the data, and MCDA to rank alternative land uses. The criteria and subcriteria affecting the suitability of land for different uses were identified and weighted using an analytic hierarchy process. Variables used as subcriteria were assessed using satellite data and other sources of information such as existing maps and field surveys. Numerical values for the subcriteria were classified, and each class was given a priority rating according to expert judgments. Based on the ratings and weights of the subcriteria, a priority map was created for each land use using the weighted linear combination method. The priority maps for different land uses were overlaid to obtain a preliminary land use map, which often indicated several simultaneous land uses for the same location. The preliminary map was further edited by removing unrealistic, mutually exclusive land-use combinations. The study tested and demonstrated the potential of integrating RS, G1S and MCDA techniques for solving complicated land allocation problems in forested regions using a scientifically sound and practical approach for efficient and sustainable allocation of forestland for different uses.展开更多
In order to investigate the change of ecological characteristics due to the decrease of COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio during sulfate reduction, continuous-flew tests were conducted in an acidogenic sulfate-reducing reactor with...In order to investigate the change of ecological characteristics due to the decrease of COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio during sulfate reduction, continuous-flew tests were conducted in an acidogenic sulfate-reducing reactor with molasses wastewater as sole organic carbon source and sodium snlfate as electron acceptor, and the change of pH value, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), volatile fat acids (VFAs), alkalinity (ALK) and the predominant populations with COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio decreasing from 4.2 to 2.0 were investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that, with decreasing COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio, ORP and ALK increased, pH value decreased, and the proportion of acetic acid in terminal products decreased significantly, and a stable -type microbial community with high COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio was converted into a sub -stable -type one with low COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio.展开更多
A serious sandstorm occurred in North China from April 5 to April 7, 2000, while the remote smallsand decending took place in even larger area to the far northeast China. In Chanchun city, smallsand descending with sn...A serious sandstorm occurred in North China from April 5 to April 7, 2000, while the remote smallsand decending took place in even larger area to the far northeast China. In Chanchun city, smallsand descending with snow provides the best samples to conduct a quantitative research on the possible impacts of city - ecology. In the 253km2 urban district area of Changchun city, smallsands accumulated up to more than 3000t on April 7, according to the calculation of four "mud - snow" samples. After naturally melting in room temperature, two samples are taken to do quarantine of "invasion bacteria". As a preliminary result, the individual amount of bacterium in 1 ml sample water is up to 8. 9 x 104 or 1. 05 x 105, and it is estimated that there are 640 million "invasion bacterium" individuals in one square meter. This study proves that other than the obvious environmental effects of sandstorm, the urban micro - ecosystem is very possible under threat by the "invasion bacterium" accompanied by remote descending smallsand.展开更多
Given certain reactions to the ecological crisis as part of the multiple crisis of capitalism （like the so-called energy transition in Germany）, a new mode of development might emerge which can be called green capit...Given certain reactions to the ecological crisis as part of the multiple crisis of capitalism （like the so-called energy transition in Germany）, a new mode of development might emerge which can be called green capitalism. This would shift the terrain of social critique and emancipatory social struggles. The paper introduces the debate on ＂social-ecological transformation＂ which emerged as a radical part of a more comprehensive debate on ＂great＂ or ＂societal transformation＂ and high- lights its core issues： the issue of a necessary attractive mode of production and living for all, the role of pioneers of change and changing political and economic institutions, the acknowledgment of shifting social practices, the requirement for alternative imaginaries or ＂stories＂ of a good life as part of a contested process which is called ＂futuring.＂ As an example for alternative imaginaries, the current debate on ＂degrowth＂ is outlined and evaluated. The second part of the paper focuses more concretely on issues around the formation and existence of a global green-left. After mentioning a crucial problem for any global alternative--i.e., the structural feature of economic and geopolitical competition which historically divided the global Left and pulled it into compromises at national or regional scales--four requirements or characteristics of a global green-left are highlighted： to weaken and change capitalistically driven competition and competitiveness, to push a social-ecological transformation in democratic ways and not at the back ofordinary people （like conservative and liberal proposals for transformation tend to do）, to link more systematically green issues with labor issues and, finally, to transform the overall dispositive of political action from a ＂distributive＂ to a ＂transformative Left.＂ One dimension of such an enhancement, it is concluded, is a broader understanding of the ＂economy＂ itself by acknowledging the demands and achievements of a ＂care revolution＂ which will be crucial for an alternative mode of production and living.展开更多
Based on the analysis and summary of traditional energy ecological footprint （EEF） and its research development at home and abroad, a modified method to measure energy ecological footprint is proposed by combining e...Based on the analysis and summary of traditional energy ecological footprint （EEF） and its research development at home and abroad, a modified method to measure energy ecological footprint is proposed by combining energy ecological footprint with the area of biological productive forest land from a standpoint of material flow ＂energy consumption - CO2 emissions - woodland absorption＂, and is used to measure the energy ecological footprint and carbon emissions in Tianjin City from 1995 to 2010. The results show that EEF per capita has increased from 1. 739 8 to 3.078 5 ghm2 during 1995 -2010, and has a significant correlation with GDP per capita in annual average growth rate （R~ =0. 877 6, P 〈0.05）. Among the compositions of EEF, the percentage of coal footprint has decreased from 62% to 50%, while the others have increased to some de- gree. Meanwhile, the output value of EEF has increased from 5 687.71 to 23 061.93 yuan/ghm2, and the elastic coefficient of EEF which has in- creased from 0.15 to 0.69 shows approximate cyclical fluctuations. It is indicated that with the adjustment of energy structure in Tianjin in the past 16 years, energy utilization efficiency has been becoming increasingly bigger. However, ecological pressure on the environment is a growing problem in the next few years, so it is urgent to shift energy use patterns and increase energy conservation efforts for Tianjin City.展开更多
基金Supported by"Effect Evaluation of Xinjiang Implementing the First Round of Subsidy Reward Mechanism Policy of Grassland Eco-protection" from Special Item of Xinjiang Animal Husbandry DepartmentPublic Welfare Scientific Research Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XK201516)
文摘Under the water resources perspective,coupling coordination of economy-ecology-society system in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. By building the coupling evaluation index system of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system,quantitative evaluation and analysis of the coupling coordination of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system from 2001 to 2014 were conducted. The results showed that benefit indexes of economic system and social system grew rapidly,while benefit indexes of water resources system and ecosystem fluctuated smoothly from 2001 to 2014; coupling state of the whole system was at rival stage,and coupling coordination was reluctant coordination type,and the coupling index was slightly higher than the coupling coordination index. Moreover,it showed that the more the coupling systems,the lower indices of coupling and the coupling coordination.
文摘The Zagros forests are a treasure of valuable oak forests, but they have been severely degraded from long-term misuse. Geographic information systems （GIS） and multi-criteria decision analysis （MCDA） have been increasingly used to improve the management of vulnerable ecosystems to prevent further degradation and increase the sustainability of land use. This study presents a methodology to assess land suitability using remote sensing （RS） to obtain wall-to-wall data for the calculations, GIS to analyze the data, and MCDA to rank alternative land uses. The criteria and subcriteria affecting the suitability of land for different uses were identified and weighted using an analytic hierarchy process. Variables used as subcriteria were assessed using satellite data and other sources of information such as existing maps and field surveys. Numerical values for the subcriteria were classified, and each class was given a priority rating according to expert judgments. Based on the ratings and weights of the subcriteria, a priority map was created for each land use using the weighted linear combination method. The priority maps for different land uses were overlaid to obtain a preliminary land use map, which often indicated several simultaneous land uses for the same location. The preliminary map was further edited by removing unrealistic, mutually exclusive land-use combinations. The study tested and demonstrated the potential of integrating RS, G1S and MCDA techniques for solving complicated land allocation problems in forested regions using a scientifically sound and practical approach for efficient and sustainable allocation of forestland for different uses.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 50208006)the Scientific Research Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology(Grant No. HIT. 2001.51)
文摘In order to investigate the change of ecological characteristics due to the decrease of COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio during sulfate reduction, continuous-flew tests were conducted in an acidogenic sulfate-reducing reactor with molasses wastewater as sole organic carbon source and sodium snlfate as electron acceptor, and the change of pH value, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), volatile fat acids (VFAs), alkalinity (ALK) and the predominant populations with COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio decreasing from 4.2 to 2.0 were investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that, with decreasing COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio, ORP and ALK increased, pH value decreased, and the proportion of acetic acid in terminal products decreased significantly, and a stable -type microbial community with high COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio was converted into a sub -stable -type one with low COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio.
文摘A serious sandstorm occurred in North China from April 5 to April 7, 2000, while the remote smallsand decending took place in even larger area to the far northeast China. In Chanchun city, smallsand descending with snow provides the best samples to conduct a quantitative research on the possible impacts of city - ecology. In the 253km2 urban district area of Changchun city, smallsands accumulated up to more than 3000t on April 7, according to the calculation of four "mud - snow" samples. After naturally melting in room temperature, two samples are taken to do quarantine of "invasion bacteria". As a preliminary result, the individual amount of bacterium in 1 ml sample water is up to 8. 9 x 104 or 1. 05 x 105, and it is estimated that there are 640 million "invasion bacterium" individuals in one square meter. This study proves that other than the obvious environmental effects of sandstorm, the urban micro - ecosystem is very possible under threat by the "invasion bacterium" accompanied by remote descending smallsand.
文摘Given certain reactions to the ecological crisis as part of the multiple crisis of capitalism （like the so-called energy transition in Germany）, a new mode of development might emerge which can be called green capitalism. This would shift the terrain of social critique and emancipatory social struggles. The paper introduces the debate on ＂social-ecological transformation＂ which emerged as a radical part of a more comprehensive debate on ＂great＂ or ＂societal transformation＂ and high- lights its core issues： the issue of a necessary attractive mode of production and living for all, the role of pioneers of change and changing political and economic institutions, the acknowledgment of shifting social practices, the requirement for alternative imaginaries or ＂stories＂ of a good life as part of a contested process which is called ＂futuring.＂ As an example for alternative imaginaries, the current debate on ＂degrowth＂ is outlined and evaluated. The second part of the paper focuses more concretely on issues around the formation and existence of a global green-left. After mentioning a crucial problem for any global alternative--i.e., the structural feature of economic and geopolitical competition which historically divided the global Left and pulled it into compromises at national or regional scales--four requirements or characteristics of a global green-left are highlighted： to weaken and change capitalistically driven competition and competitiveness, to push a social-ecological transformation in democratic ways and not at the back ofordinary people （like conservative and liberal proposals for transformation tend to do）, to link more systematically green issues with labor issues and, finally, to transform the overall dispositive of political action from a ＂distributive＂ to a ＂transformative Left.＂ One dimension of such an enhancement, it is concluded, is a broader understanding of the ＂economy＂ itself by acknowledging the demands and achievements of a ＂care revolution＂ which will be crucial for an alternative mode of production and living.
文摘Based on the analysis and summary of traditional energy ecological footprint （EEF） and its research development at home and abroad, a modified method to measure energy ecological footprint is proposed by combining energy ecological footprint with the area of biological productive forest land from a standpoint of material flow ＂energy consumption - CO2 emissions - woodland absorption＂, and is used to measure the energy ecological footprint and carbon emissions in Tianjin City from 1995 to 2010. The results show that EEF per capita has increased from 1. 739 8 to 3.078 5 ghm2 during 1995 -2010, and has a significant correlation with GDP per capita in annual average growth rate （R~ =0. 877 6, P 〈0.05）. Among the compositions of EEF, the percentage of coal footprint has decreased from 62% to 50%, while the others have increased to some de- gree. Meanwhile, the output value of EEF has increased from 5 687.71 to 23 061.93 yuan/ghm2, and the elastic coefficient of EEF which has in- creased from 0.15 to 0.69 shows approximate cyclical fluctuations. It is indicated that with the adjustment of energy structure in Tianjin in the past 16 years, energy utilization efficiency has been becoming increasingly bigger. However, ecological pressure on the environment is a growing problem in the next few years, so it is urgent to shift energy use patterns and increase energy conservation efforts for Tianjin City.
