The ethylene project jointly invested by the Beijing Municipal Government and China National Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation is one of the state’s key projects planned for the Eight Five-Year Plan period, invol...The ethylene project jointly invested by the Beijing Municipal Government and China National Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation is one of the state’s key projects planned for the Eight Five-Year Plan period, involving a total investment of RMB 4. 1 billion in capital construction and technical renovation. Known as the No. one project, it is the largest project ever undertaken in Beijing. The project began to be constructed in June 1992 and and is planned to be put into production by展开更多
Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethylene glycol(EG) at 300℃ was investigated over SiO2 and CeO2 supported Pt–Ni bimetallic catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation methods. It was observed that...Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethylene glycol(EG) at 300℃ was investigated over SiO2 and CeO2 supported Pt–Ni bimetallic catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation methods. It was observed that impregnation sequence of Pt and Ni can affect the performance of catalysts apparently. Catalyst with Pt first and then Ni addition showed higher EG conversion and H2 yield owing to the Ni enrichment on the surface and the proper interaction between Pt and Ni. It was observed that although SiO2 supported catalysts exhibited better activity and H2 selectivity, CeO2 supported ones had better stability. This is attributed to the less coke formation on CeO2. Increasing Pt/Ni ratio enhanced the reaction activity, and Pt3–Ni7 catalysts with 3 wt% Pt and 7 wt% Ni showed the highest activity and stability. Ni surficial enrichment facilitated the C-C bond rupture and water gas shift reactions;and Pt addition inhibited methanation reaction. Electron transfer and hydrogen spillover from Pt to Ni suppressed carbon deposition. These combined effects lead to the excellent performance of Pt3–Ni7 supported catalysts.展开更多
It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strat...It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strategies can be accepted or corrections implemented since a plan also outlines some strategies for achieving the targets set. In this study, achievements in production and export of industrial forest products, i.e., sawn wood, plywood, chipboard and fibreboard, paper and paperboard and industrial round wood, are compared against targeted figures for 1996 for Tanzania. Discrepancies were obtained by subtracting targeted from achieved values and expressed both as absolute and relative differences in terms of the targeted values, with a negative sign for pro- duction where achievements were less than targets and a positive sign when achievements were higher than targets. Values achieved ranged from 4%-100% of the targeted values, depending on the product, and were only higher than the targeted value for industrial round wood. Possible causes of the discrepancies are inefficiency of parastatal companies, low private investment, sub-maximal in- dustrial operation and plant inefficiencies. Discrepancies could also result from unrealistic data used in planning due to difficulty in data availability and poor intra- and inter-sectoral coordination. The implications of these discrepancies are low contributions of the wood-based industry to the national economy, increased import substitution of wood-based products, increased socio-economic and environmental degradation and decreased integrity in planning and policy making.展开更多
It is expected that by 2025 China will add a total ethylene production capacity of 12 Mt/a,and in the next decade the total ethylene capacity will reach 35―40 Mt/a.The grassroots 11 new steam cracking units slated fo...It is expected that by 2025 China will add a total ethylene production capacity of 12 Mt/a,and in the next decade the total ethylene capacity will reach 35―40 Mt/a.The grassroots 11 new steam cracking units slated for production by the end of 2022 are listed in the following Table.展开更多
This paper summarizes the latest achievements and technological progress in oil and gas production engineering of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC) and discusses the main four challenges faced: developing low...This paper summarizes the latest achievements and technological progress in oil and gas production engineering of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC) and discusses the main four challenges faced: developing low quality resource at low oil price; keeping stable production of mature oilfields when well oil production drops year by year; low systematic efficiency, high cost, prominent environmental protection issue and short of technological strategy for high water cut ratio and high oil recovery ratio oilfields; and lacking of high level horizontal well drilling and completion technology to develop unconventional and deep reservoirs. Three technological development directions to address these challenges are put forward: developing fracture controlling stimulation and well factory to produce low quality resource economically, developing re-fracturing technology for old wells in mature oilfields, promoting the fourth generation separate layer water injection technology to stabilize the production of mature oilfields; innovating new technologies of water flooding with nano-material, injecting and producing through one well.展开更多
Tomato (Lycopslcon esculentum Mill.) plants grown in a greenhouse were irradiated with two different levels of UV-B, namely 8.82 (T1) and 12.6 kJ/m^2 per day (T2). Ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carb...Tomato (Lycopslcon esculentum Mill.) plants grown in a greenhouse were irradiated with two different levels of UV-B, namely 8.82 (T1) and 12.6 kJ/m^2 per day (T2). Ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content, 1-(malonylamino) cyclopvopane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC) content, gene expression of ACC aynthase (EC 4.4.1.14), and ACC oxidase activity in tomato leaves were determined. The results Indicated that ACC content, the activity of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, and ethylene production Increased continuously under low doses of UV-B radiation, whereas at high doses of radiation these parameters Increased during the first 12 d and then started to decrease. The MACC content increased continuously over 18 d under both doses of UV-B irradiation. The changes in ACC content, ACC synthaae activity, ACC oxidase activity, the transcriptional level of the ACC synthase gene, and ethylene production were consistent with each other, suggesting that ACC synthase was the key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis and that ethylene production in tomato leaf tissues under UV-B radiation could be regulated by the expression of the ACC synthase gene. The results also indicate that the change in ethylene metabolism may be an adaptive mechanism to enhanced UV-B radiation.展开更多
The SAPO-34 catalyst was fine-tuned with zinc cations through a straightforward template-assisted ion incorporation (TH) process, without the necessary template pre-removal and the preparation of NH4- SAPO-34 intermed...The SAPO-34 catalyst was fine-tuned with zinc cations through a straightforward template-assisted ion incorporation (TH) process, without the necessary template pre-removal and the preparation of NH4- SAPO-34 intermediate, which is more facile, efficient and cost-effective than the conventional ion exchange process. The template-assisted zinc cations incorporated SAPO-34 catalysts were characterized by XRD, XRF, N2 adsorption-desorption, XPS, SEM, EDX,NMR, respectively. Enhanced selectivity to ethylene and ratio of ethylene to propylene in MTO reaction are observed over the zinc cations modified SAPO-34 catalysts, due to the facilitated formation of lower methylbenzenes that favour the ethylene gen eration, as well as the increased diffusion hindrance originated from the zinc cations incorporation and the facil让ated generation of aromatics compound.展开更多
Purpose/Significance:Through the analysis in the results production mode of the Chinese media type think-tank based on the media operation structure and communication platform,found there are structure and cooperation...Purpose/Significance:Through the analysis in the results production mode of the Chinese media type think-tank based on the media operation structure and communication platform,found there are structure and cooperation problems of spread and research line,team cooperation and transformation problem of research and spread,research production and media production positioning problem,and spread channel widening problem,this paper tries to provide a useful suggestions for the current traditional media transformation encourage the media type think tank go abroad,raise the international influence,personalize the products,make it into Boutique,become a brand and the development strategy of the new think-tank with Chinese characteristics.Methods/Processes:analysis the results production model of media-based think tank from four aspects:category,characteristics,existing problems and development trend.Results/conclusion:the achievements of Chinese media-based think tanks will follow a new development trend through the establish of cooperative innovation system,achievements make and press system of“all media tendency”,market-oriented transformation theory,brand strategy,and exerting international influence.展开更多
Non-linear crystal materials BBO and LBO stand for the low-temperature phases of barium metaborate beta-BaB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and lithium triborate LiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>...Non-linear crystal materials BBO and LBO stand for the low-temperature phases of barium metaborate beta-BaB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and lithium triborate LiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Both are hi-tech products marketed by the Fujian Castech Crystals Inc., a business entity affiliated to the CAS. The successful development of the two was honoured with a special prize, a first-grade prize and a second-grade prize of the CAS Awards for S&T Progress in 1986, 1989 and 1990 respectively. Also, they were crowned with a prize of the展开更多
Change in temperature affects the activity of soil microorganisms.However,there is limited knowledge about temperature effects on ethylene(C2H4) and methane(CH4) production from forest soils.Topsoil samples(0―5 cm) c...Change in temperature affects the activity of soil microorganisms.However,there is limited knowledge about temperature effects on ethylene(C2H4) and methane(CH4) production from forest soils.Topsoil samples(0―5 cm) collected from different temperate forest stands(e.g.,Pinus sylvestris L.,Cryptomeria japonica,and Quercus serrata) were used to compare C2H4 and CH4 production from soils at temperature from 5 to 35℃ under oxic and anoxic conditions.The rates of C2H4 and CH4 production from soils under oxic conditions were measured by using inhibition of acetylene(C2H2) and carbon monoxide(CO).The consumption of C2H2 by soils at an initial concentration of c.250 Pa C2H2 was negligible at 5 and 15℃,but it was significantly increased at 25 and 35℃.The presence of 2 kPa CO in the headspace gases tended to decrease the consumption of C2H2 by soils at high temperature.The Q10 values for the soil C2H2 consumption ranged from 2.3 to 3.8,and there were no significant differences in Q10 values between these topsoil samples.The rate of CH4 production from each sample under oxic conditions was larger than the soil C2H4 production at 5―35℃,particularly at low temperature,and presented a smaller Q10 value.Ethylene production from soil after 1 week of anoxic incubation at 5―35℃ was larger than the soil CH4 production,and presented a larger Q10 value.However,CH4 produc-tion from Quercus serrata forest soil and its response to temperature increased significantly with in-cubation time.Long-term anoxic conditions of in situ upland forest soils are normally not prevalent,so it can be reasonably concluded that there is a larger C2H4 production rather than CH4 production under temperate forest stands due to heavy rainfall in summer.展开更多
文摘The ethylene project jointly invested by the Beijing Municipal Government and China National Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation is one of the state’s key projects planned for the Eight Five-Year Plan period, involving a total investment of RMB 4. 1 billion in capital construction and technical renovation. Known as the No. one project, it is the largest project ever undertaken in Beijing. The project began to be constructed in June 1992 and and is planned to be put into production by
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 21273193, 21473231 and 20973148)
文摘Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethylene glycol(EG) at 300℃ was investigated over SiO2 and CeO2 supported Pt–Ni bimetallic catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation methods. It was observed that impregnation sequence of Pt and Ni can affect the performance of catalysts apparently. Catalyst with Pt first and then Ni addition showed higher EG conversion and H2 yield owing to the Ni enrichment on the surface and the proper interaction between Pt and Ni. It was observed that although SiO2 supported catalysts exhibited better activity and H2 selectivity, CeO2 supported ones had better stability. This is attributed to the less coke formation on CeO2. Increasing Pt/Ni ratio enhanced the reaction activity, and Pt3–Ni7 catalysts with 3 wt% Pt and 7 wt% Ni showed the highest activity and stability. Ni surficial enrichment facilitated the C-C bond rupture and water gas shift reactions;and Pt addition inhibited methanation reaction. Electron transfer and hydrogen spillover from Pt to Ni suppressed carbon deposition. These combined effects lead to the excellent performance of Pt3–Ni7 supported catalysts.
文摘It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation. In comparing the achievements with targets, strengths or weaknesses of established strategies can be accepted or corrections implemented since a plan also outlines some strategies for achieving the targets set. In this study, achievements in production and export of industrial forest products, i.e., sawn wood, plywood, chipboard and fibreboard, paper and paperboard and industrial round wood, are compared against targeted figures for 1996 for Tanzania. Discrepancies were obtained by subtracting targeted from achieved values and expressed both as absolute and relative differences in terms of the targeted values, with a negative sign for pro- duction where achievements were less than targets and a positive sign when achievements were higher than targets. Values achieved ranged from 4%-100% of the targeted values, depending on the product, and were only higher than the targeted value for industrial round wood. Possible causes of the discrepancies are inefficiency of parastatal companies, low private investment, sub-maximal in- dustrial operation and plant inefficiencies. Discrepancies could also result from unrealistic data used in planning due to difficulty in data availability and poor intra- and inter-sectoral coordination. The implications of these discrepancies are low contributions of the wood-based industry to the national economy, increased import substitution of wood-based products, increased socio-economic and environmental degradation and decreased integrity in planning and policy making.
文摘It is expected that by 2025 China will add a total ethylene production capacity of 12 Mt/a,and in the next decade the total ethylene capacity will reach 35―40 Mt/a.The grassroots 11 new steam cracking units slated for production by the end of 2022 are listed in the following Table.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05023 2017ZX05013-005)
文摘This paper summarizes the latest achievements and technological progress in oil and gas production engineering of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC) and discusses the main four challenges faced: developing low quality resource at low oil price; keeping stable production of mature oilfields when well oil production drops year by year; low systematic efficiency, high cost, prominent environmental protection issue and short of technological strategy for high water cut ratio and high oil recovery ratio oilfields; and lacking of high level horizontal well drilling and completion technology to develop unconventional and deep reservoirs. Three technological development directions to address these challenges are put forward: developing fracture controlling stimulation and well factory to produce low quality resource economically, developing re-fracturing technology for old wells in mature oilfields, promoting the fourth generation separate layer water injection technology to stabilize the production of mature oilfields; innovating new technologies of water flooding with nano-material, injecting and producing through one well.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170038, 90302010), "Hundred talents" project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu Key Technologies R&D Program (GS022-A41-045), and Gansu Agricultural Bio-technology Research & Development Project. Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr Akira Nakatsuka (Laboratory of Postharvest Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, 0kayama University, 0kayama, Japan) for providing the ACC synthase clone.
文摘Tomato (Lycopslcon esculentum Mill.) plants grown in a greenhouse were irradiated with two different levels of UV-B, namely 8.82 (T1) and 12.6 kJ/m^2 per day (T2). Ethylene production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content, 1-(malonylamino) cyclopvopane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC) content, gene expression of ACC aynthase (EC 4.4.1.14), and ACC oxidase activity in tomato leaves were determined. The results Indicated that ACC content, the activity of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, and ethylene production Increased continuously under low doses of UV-B radiation, whereas at high doses of radiation these parameters Increased during the first 12 d and then started to decrease. The MACC content increased continuously over 18 d under both doses of UV-B irradiation. The changes in ACC content, ACC synthaae activity, ACC oxidase activity, the transcriptional level of the ACC synthase gene, and ethylene production were consistent with each other, suggesting that ACC synthase was the key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis and that ethylene production in tomato leaf tissues under UV-B radiation could be regulated by the expression of the ACC synthase gene. The results also indicate that the change in ethylene metabolism may be an adaptive mechanism to enhanced UV-B radiation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21603223,91745109,91545104,21473182,91334205)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2014165)for financial support
文摘The SAPO-34 catalyst was fine-tuned with zinc cations through a straightforward template-assisted ion incorporation (TH) process, without the necessary template pre-removal and the preparation of NH4- SAPO-34 intermediate, which is more facile, efficient and cost-effective than the conventional ion exchange process. The template-assisted zinc cations incorporated SAPO-34 catalysts were characterized by XRD, XRF, N2 adsorption-desorption, XPS, SEM, EDX,NMR, respectively. Enhanced selectivity to ethylene and ratio of ethylene to propylene in MTO reaction are observed over the zinc cations modified SAPO-34 catalysts, due to the facilitated formation of lower methylbenzenes that favour the ethylene gen eration, as well as the increased diffusion hindrance originated from the zinc cations incorporation and the facil让ated generation of aromatics compound.
文摘Purpose/Significance:Through the analysis in the results production mode of the Chinese media type think-tank based on the media operation structure and communication platform,found there are structure and cooperation problems of spread and research line,team cooperation and transformation problem of research and spread,research production and media production positioning problem,and spread channel widening problem,this paper tries to provide a useful suggestions for the current traditional media transformation encourage the media type think tank go abroad,raise the international influence,personalize the products,make it into Boutique,become a brand and the development strategy of the new think-tank with Chinese characteristics.Methods/Processes:analysis the results production model of media-based think tank from four aspects:category,characteristics,existing problems and development trend.Results/conclusion:the achievements of Chinese media-based think tanks will follow a new development trend through the establish of cooperative innovation system,achievements make and press system of“all media tendency”,market-oriented transformation theory,brand strategy,and exerting international influence.
文摘Non-linear crystal materials BBO and LBO stand for the low-temperature phases of barium metaborate beta-BaB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and lithium triborate LiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Both are hi-tech products marketed by the Fujian Castech Crystals Inc., a business entity affiliated to the CAS. The successful development of the two was honoured with a special prize, a first-grade prize and a second-grade prize of the CAS Awards for S&T Progress in 1986, 1989 and 1990 respectively. Also, they were crowned with a prize of the
基金Supported jointly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.20777071 and 20477044)Hundred Talents Project from the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences
文摘Change in temperature affects the activity of soil microorganisms.However,there is limited knowledge about temperature effects on ethylene(C2H4) and methane(CH4) production from forest soils.Topsoil samples(0―5 cm) collected from different temperate forest stands(e.g.,Pinus sylvestris L.,Cryptomeria japonica,and Quercus serrata) were used to compare C2H4 and CH4 production from soils at temperature from 5 to 35℃ under oxic and anoxic conditions.The rates of C2H4 and CH4 production from soils under oxic conditions were measured by using inhibition of acetylene(C2H2) and carbon monoxide(CO).The consumption of C2H2 by soils at an initial concentration of c.250 Pa C2H2 was negligible at 5 and 15℃,but it was significantly increased at 25 and 35℃.The presence of 2 kPa CO in the headspace gases tended to decrease the consumption of C2H2 by soils at high temperature.The Q10 values for the soil C2H2 consumption ranged from 2.3 to 3.8,and there were no significant differences in Q10 values between these topsoil samples.The rate of CH4 production from each sample under oxic conditions was larger than the soil C2H4 production at 5―35℃,particularly at low temperature,and presented a smaller Q10 value.Ethylene production from soil after 1 week of anoxic incubation at 5―35℃ was larger than the soil CH4 production,and presented a larger Q10 value.However,CH4 produc-tion from Quercus serrata forest soil and its response to temperature increased significantly with in-cubation time.Long-term anoxic conditions of in situ upland forest soils are normally not prevalent,so it can be reasonably concluded that there is a larger C2H4 production rather than CH4 production under temperate forest stands due to heavy rainfall in summer.