Research Advances of Epidemiological Characteristics and Diagnosis Technology of Rabies Virus

Rabies is a zoouosis caused by rabies virus, which has been characterized by infection of central nervous system. Rabies virus, which can cause fatal in- fections in humans and other mammals, has the characteristic of neurotropism, and the mortality caused by rabies is almost 100%. Routine diagnosis of rabies in- clude clinical symptoms, while a final diagnosis depends on laboratory diagnostic methods, such as etiological diagnosis, serological diagnosis and molecular biologi- cal diagnosis. As a zoouodc infectious disease, rabies presents a global distribution situation, and the deaths caused by rabies virus infection in China ranks the sec- ond place in the world. Therefore, strengthening the recognition of disease etiology and epldemiology is very important to comprehensive prevention measures of rabi- es. The author mainly introduced the research progress on pathogen, epidemiology and diagnosis technology of rabies virus at home and abroad. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods were compared respectively, in order to provide a scientific basis for further study and rapid diagnosis of rabies.

Value of Real-Time Bedside Ultrasonography in the Etiologic Diagnosis of Acute Dyspnea

Objective: To explore the value of real-time bedside ultrasonography in the etiologic diagnosis of acute dyspnea. Methods: Sixty-two patients with acute dyspnea who were treated in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were randomly selected and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were randomly divided into a control group for routine examinations (n = 31) and an observation group for real-time beside ultrasonography (n = 31). The costs of medical examinations, examination duration, and diagnostic results of severe pneumonia, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumothorax (including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy) of the two groups of patients were compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter examinations (P < 0.05). Although the cost of medical examinations of the observation group tended to be higher, the difference between groups was not significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, or brain natriuretic peptide between the two groups (P > 0.05). Comparison of the etiologic diagnosis results between the two groups showed that the observation group had significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy for various causes compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Real-time bedside ultrasonography for the etiologic diagnosis of patients with acute dyspnea was quicker and had higher diagnostic accuracy;thus providing accurate guidance for the disease treatment, and having a higher promotional value in clinical practice compared with routine examinations.

Understanding recurrent pregnancy loss:recent advances on its etiology,clinical diagnosis,and management

Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)has become an important reproductive health issue worldwide.RPL affects about 2%–3%of reproductive-aged women,and makes serious threats to women’s physical and mental health.However,the etiology of approximately 50%of RPL cases remains unknown(unexplained RPL),which poses a big challenge for clinical management of these patients.RPL has been widely regarded as a complex disease where its etiology has been attributed to numerous factors.Heretofore,various risk factors for RPL have been identified,such as maternal ages,genetic factors,anatomical structural abnormalities,endocrine dysfunction,prethrombotic state,immunological factors,and infection.More importantly,development and applications of next generation sequencing technology have significantly expanded opportunities to discover chromosomal aberrations and single gene variants responsible for RPL,which provides new insight into its pathogenic mechanisms.Furthermore,based upon patients’diagnostic evaluation and etiologic diagnosis,specific therapeutic recommendations have been established.This review will highlight current understanding and recent advances on RPL,with a special focus on the immunological and genetic etiologies,clinical diagnosis and therapeutic management.