Early growth analysis and evaluation of 21 Eucalyptus clones in Leizhou Peninsula

The growth, morphology, and wind resistance of 21 Eucalyptus clones were investigated and analyzed in Leizhou Peninsula, Zhanjiang city. The results showed that coefficient of variation of each index phenotype varied from 15.21%-42.46%. There were significant differences among the clones in growth indexes. The top five clones with high individual volume were JJ144, 2#, 28#, 9#, and JJ197. The morphological indexes were significantly different among the clones. There were also significant differences among the clones in wind resistance index, and the clones with good wind resistance were 28#, JJ162, JJ195 and JJ215, their preservation rate were more than 80%. It was found that tree height and DBH significantly correlated to individual volume, and stem form was significantly related to branch. Using the principal component analysis, it was determined that JJ144, 2#, 28#, 9# and JJ162 were the excellent clones with good performance in the Leizhou area.

Longitudinal growth strains in five clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm

We studied the variability in longitudinal growth strains and wood basic density in five-year old trees from five clones （one tree per clone） of Eucalyptus tereticornis. Mean longitudinal growth strain in clones ranged from 466 to 876 μm. There was a significant difference between clones in growth strains and wood basic density. Clone 10 exhibited maximum growth strains and basic density, whereas clone 3 and clone 7 exhibited minimum growth strains and basic density, respectively. Within a tree, the growth strain variation with tree height was high but statistically insignificant while within tree variation in basic density was very small. There was no specific trend in variation in either strain or density within a tree. There was 5% 200% difference in growth strain on opposite sides of the logs. However two strains showed a strong positive correlation. There was a moderate positive association of wood basic density and mean growth strains in logs. The variation around the periphery emphasize the need to measure strain more than one, preferably on opposite sides at the same height, on a tree to know the mean strain level for the purpose of selection of clones.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis on cDNA of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene from Wuzhishan Miniature Pig

[Objective] cDNA of growth hormone releasing hormone （GHRH） receptor gene from Wuzhishan miniature pig was cloned and its sequence was also analyzed. [Method] Using genomic DNA extracted from porcine ear tissues of Wuzhishan miniature pig as the template, three pairs of primers were designed by the reported cDNA sequence of porcine GHRH, and cDNA was also amplified by RT-PCR. After being recovered and purified, PCR products were ligated to pMD18-T and then transformed into Escherichia coli DH5a. The transformation products were analyzed by PCR and double enzyme digestion to screen positive clones, and the positive clones were sequenced after identification in LB liquid medium. [ Result] cDNA of Wuzhishan miniature pig GHRH receptor gene was obtained successfully, and its length was 1 577 bp coding 423 amino acids. BLAST analysis showed that there were only 23 nuoleotides in difference between this fragment and pomine GHRH receptor gene, and its homology was 98%. However, both GHRH receptor genes were constituted by 423 amino acids with the sequence homology of 96%. [ Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for further studies on the dwarf mechanism of Wuzhishan miniature pig.

Expression Analysis of the Insulin-Like Growth Factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ During Embryonic and Early Larval Development of Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

The insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ （IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ） are important proteins involved in fish growth and develop- ment. Here, we report the isolation of IGF-Ⅱ and expression analysis of IGFs in turbot Scophthalmus maximus, aiming to clarify their function in embryonic and larval development of fish. The deduced IGF-Ⅱ gene is 808 bp in full length, which encodes a protein of 219 amino acids and is 93% similar with that ofParalichthys olicaceus in amino acid sequence. The tissue abundance and the ex- pression pattern of IGFs in a turbot at early development stages were investigated via reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction. Result showed that the IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ genes were widely expressed in tissues of S. maximus. IGF-Ⅰ was detected in all tissues ex- cept intestines with the highest level in liver, while IGF-Ⅱ transcript presented in all tissues except muscle. At the stages of embry- onic and larval development, the mRNA levels of IGFs sharply increased from the stage of unfertilized egg to post larva, followed by a decrease with larval development. However, there was an increase in IGF-Ⅰ at the embryonic stage and IGF-Ⅱ at the gastrula stage, respectively. These results suggested that IGFs play important roles in cell growth and division of the turbot. Our study provides reference data for further investigation of growth regulation in turbot, which can guarantee better understanding of the physiological role that IGFs play in fish.

25个奇楠沉香无性系生长与光合生理特征分析

为筛选适合广东惠州地区推广和种植的奇楠沉香(Aquilaria sinensis'Qi Nan')优良无性系,以25个奇楠沉香无性系为研究材料,分析不同无性系间生长性状和光合生理差异及其相关性,并进行聚类分析。结果表明,不同奇楠沉香无性系的保存率、苗高、地径、冠幅和光合生理参数均差异显著;其中,保存率为22.7%~95.0%,苗高为117~210 cm,地径为16.8~34.3 mm。苗高与地径呈极显著正相关,与保存率呈显著正相关。聚类分析将25个无性系分为6类;第1类长势较好,保存率、苗高和地径分别为91.7%~95.0%、192~194 cm和28.1~30.9 mm,包括无性系Diao YW、Ao S和Lan BS;第2类苗高较高(199~210 cm),包括无性系Jin SZ、Qi NYH、Jin SY和Zhi TJ;第3类保存率较高(80.1%~93.7%),包括无性系Jin ShaY、Pu TT、Tu YW、Xiang SYH、Da YP和Hei ZZ;其他类群的保存率、苗高和地径均较低。无性系Diao YW、Ao S和Lan BS在惠州地区生长速度快且保存率高,适宜作为优良无性系进行推广。

不同高原油茶无性系的生长性状对比研究

为在贵州高山地区筛选出适应性强的油茶优良无性系,本研究对15个高原油茶优良无性系进行生长性状对比试验,通过不同无性系间的生长差异、生长量变化及生长性状间的相关性分析。结果表明:10个西南红山茶无性系的生长指标均值高于5个威宁短柱油茶,通过2年的观察,15个无性系中KY-1和CH15-2的平均嫁接径、嫁接高、枝条长度及花朵数较高。通过生长量变化发现,KY-1的嫁接径增长量最大,为10.34 mm,JCP-5的嫁接高和花朵数增长量最大,分别为130.8 cm和32朵,BG-6的枝条长度增长量最大,为31.9 cm。各生长性状间的相关性均存在正相关,且随着林龄的增加,生长性状间的相关性呈增长趋势。本研究从西南红山茶和威宁短柱油茶中分别选出1个早期的优良无性系,分别是KY-1和CH15-2,从西南红山茶中选出2个早期的候选优良无性系,分别为JCP-5和BG-6。本研究为贵州高海拔地区发展油茶产业提供繁育材料,为优良品种选育提供参考依据。

Cloning and sequencing of the fourth exon of transforming growth factor α gene

Using normal brain cell geneomic DNA as a template,transforming growth factor(TGFa)-IV exon gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The sequence of amplified fragment was analysed with a DNA sequencing kit.The results showed that the cloned fragment is proved to be the TGFa-IV exon gene.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of IGFBP-7 Gene in Sheep

In this study, full-length CDS sequence of IGFBP-7 gene was cloned from Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep with RT-PCR method and analyzed with bioinformatics methods. The results showed that the full-length CDS sequence of IGFBP-7 gene in Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep was 846 bp in length, encoding 282 amino acids. The CDS sequence shared 99%, 95% and 90% homology with bovine, human and rat, respectively; the amino acid sequence shared 98%, 93% and 89%, respectively. The GenBank accession number was FJ589640.1. The amino acid molecular weight of IGFBP-7 was 29.0 kD, and the theoretical isoelec- tric point （pl） was 8.25. The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that IGFBP-7 gone in Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep exhibited close phylogenetic relationships with bovine, goat and other mammals, and distant phylogenetic relationships with Danio rerio and Haliotis diversicolor. IGFBP-7 gene had uniformly distributed hy- drophobic and hydrophilic regions, harboring one signal peptide, two transmembrane regions, 16 phosphorylation sites, four N-glycosylation sites and one O-glyco- sylation site. The result of secondary structure analysis showed that the random coil, or-helix and β-sheet regions accounted for 64.89%, 19.86% and 15.25%, respectively. The result of tertiary structure analysis showed that IGFBP-7 harbors an IGFBP_N domain and an Ig-like domain. This study provided scientific basis for further investigating the function of IGFBP-7 gene in sheep.

大刺鳅生长分化因子2(GDF2)基因克隆及表达分析

研究大刺鳅生长分化因子2(growth differentiation factor 2,GDF2)基因与大刺鳅生长发育之间的关系。利用RT-PCR对大刺鳅生长发育相关基因GDF2进行了克隆并对其进行生物信息学分析;通过实时荧光定量PCR研究大刺鳅GDF2基因在肝、性腺、脑等9种组织中的表达情况;通过注射促黄体素释放激素(LHRH-A2)、绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)以及地欧酮(DOM)三种激素,研究大刺鳅GDF2基因在肝组织中表达量的变化。结果表明:大刺鳅GDF2基因cDNA长2053 bp,其中5’非编码区序列长145 bp,3’非编码区序列长645 bp,编码区(ORF)序列长1263 bp,编码420个氨基酸的多肽序列,通过生物信息学分析得出GDF2蛋白属于膜外蛋白,蛋白预测理论等电点(p I)为5.38,分子量(Mw)为47.97 kDa,存在潜在N-糖基化位点5个,在线分析软件预测GDF2氨基酸序列N端为信号肽序列。系统进化树分析表明,大刺鳅GDF2与黄鳝GDF2聚为一支,亲缘关系最为接近。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示GDF2基因在肝组织中表达量最高,其次为心、鳃、肠、脾,在脑组织中的表达量最低。LHRH-A2、DOM、HCG三种外源激素注射后,对大刺鳅GDF2 mRNA在肝组织中表达均具有一定的促进作用。研究结果表明GDF2基因主要参与大刺鳅的肝脏组织生长发育调控,基因表达量还受不同类型催产激素的诱导的影响。

柳杉不同地理种源无性系生长性状及综合评价

以9个不同种源(国内的6个福建种源、2个浙江种源,1个日本种源)、69个无性系柳杉为研究对象,测定其生长性状、木材质量、千粒质量和叶片形状,比较其生长特性并对其综合性状进行聚类分析与评价。结果表明,9个不同种源、69个无性系的柳杉的生长因子、千粒质量、材积质量、叶片形状等均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。主成分分析表明,生长量、千粒质量和材质因子是影响柳杉群体生长量、种子质量及材质的主成分因子(累计贡献率70.13%)。3个主成分综合评价排序前10的无性系编号分别是75、12、15、68、1、7、4、10、3、64;聚类分析法可将不同种源柳杉聚为6个类群,其中,日本及国内的黄龙、溪口、来舟、腊洋种源存在较高的一致性,而国内的石垟、天目、水门及杨梅岭种源间则互相渗透。

粗皮桉不同无性系的生长对比试验

为筛选出适应性强、生长速度快、产量高的优良无性系,通过测定粗皮桉3个无性系的保存率、树高、胸径和材积指标,分析其不同时期的生长差异。结果显示:造林47个月时,无性系E53、E172和E138的保存率分别为90.0%、93.3%和51.6%,无性系E172的平均单株树高、胸径和材积为18.5 m、14.4 cm和0.16 m^(3),分别较无性系E53高5.6%、11.2%和25.0%,较E138高32.1%、38.3%和68.8%;无性系E172在不同时期的树高、胸径和材积变异系数均低于其他无性系,遗传稳定性较高;造林后的不同时期,无性系E172的树高、胸径和材积增长量均为最高或次高,造林后16~47月间,无性系E53的胸径增长量高于E172;无性系E172的综合表现最优,可作为优良无性系,E53相对次之,可作为候选优良无性系。桉树无性系生长性状年-年相关系数间存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),无性系生长的早晚相关关系可为早期选择提供科学依据。不同性状调查末期与次末期的相关系数最高,亦表明优树的选择时期愈晚,其结果越准确可靠。

6年生桉树无性系的生长和材性研究

对6年生的13个桉树无性系试验林的生长性状、生长特性和11个无性系的材性性状进行研究,结果表明:无性系间生长性状存在极显著差异,广林4的平均胸径最大而广林9的平均树高最高,分别达到13.4 cm和20.5 m,单株材积以广林4、广林9、DH32-22、LH5和EC34为前5位,即尾巨桉和尾细桉生长量较大;广林4、U7和广林9的Pilodyn值较大,均大于13 mm,EC34、LH1和LH5居中均大于12 mm,证实Pilodyn值与基本密度存在极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),Pilodyn值与木材生长量表现为极显著正相关,木材密度越大则材积越小;无性系间生长应变值无显著性差异,DH201-2应变值最大(1523);弹性模量与木材密度表现为显著正相关(P<0.05),Pilodyn值越大弹性模量越小;11个桉树无性系的实木利用价值排名顺序为:广林4>广林9>DH32-22>LH5>EC34>LH1>M1>DH201-2>UC184-1>柳桉1>SH7。

翘嘴鲌生长激素(GH)基因与侧翼区的克隆及分析

采用保守引物进行PCR成功扩增了编码翘嘴鲌生长激素的基因,该基因全长5 966 bp,其中转录单元长1 648 bp,由5个外显子和4个内含子组成。5'端和3'端侧翼序列长度分别为2 282 bp和2 036 bp,分别包含(AAT)8和(TTC)5T(TAA)8的微卫星序列。上游区域包含TATA框,还有一些重要的转录因子结合位点,如Pit-1、Pit-1a、CREB、AP1、GR、HNF-3、HNF-3B等转录因子。翘嘴鲌的5个外显子长度分别为64、140、117、162和255 bp。推测的阅读框为603 bp,编码由22个氨基酸的信号肽和178个氨基酸成熟肽组成的多肽。在这个多肽中发现了5个保守的半胱氨酸残基(Cys^(71)、Cys^(135)、Cys^(173)、Cys^(190)和Cys^(198))和2个可能的N-糖基化位点(145th和197th)。翘嘴鲌GH氨基酸序列与团头鲂完全相同,与草鱼只有一个氨基酸残基的差异,构建的鱼类进化树符合基本分类地位。翘嘴鲌生长激素基因4个内含子长度分别为229、103、565和103 bp。相对外显子来说,种间内含子变异较大,其中第三内含子变异最大。该结果为进一步研究翘嘴鲌GH基因的表达、功能及其转录调控特征奠定了分子基础。

黑杨派新无性系苗期生长模型及灰色关联分析

以引进的 1 6个黑杨派杨树无性系为材料 ,利用Logistic方程对各个无性系的 1年生扦插苗木的苗高、地径的年生长节律进行拟合 .根据因素数列的几何形状发展态势的接近程度 ,将苗木的生长量与影响苗木生长的气象因子空气温度、空气相对湿度、降水量和日照时数组成一个灰色系统 ,进行面积关联度分析 .结果表明 :利用Logistic方程拟合效果显著 ,相关系数皆在 0 .95 5 1以上 .并以此将无性系扦插苗的生长过程分为成活期、生长前期、速生期和生长后期 4个时期 ,年生长量表现出明显的“慢—快—慢”的节律 ,其中速生期内的苗高生长量占总生长量的比率平均为 6 4 .5 % ,地径生长量占总生长量的比率平均为 6 0 .9% .并对各个生长时期的生长特点进行了分析 ,探讨了苗木的年生长规律 .关联度分析表明空气温度对苗木的高生长影响最大 ,日照时数影响最小 ;而空气相对湿度对苗木的粗生长影响最大 ,降水量影响最小 .通过对苗木年生长节律和影响苗木生长的主要环境因子进行分析 ,为加强苗木生产管理。

鲫两种不同生长激素cDNA的分子克隆和分析

从鲫脑垂体组织提取总RNA ,采用 3′RACE PCR的方法 ,从单一垂体总RNA中扩增出编码两种不同类型鲫生长激素的cDNA :生长激素Ⅰ (GrowthhormoneⅠ ,GHⅠ )和生长激素Ⅱ (GrowthhormoneⅡ ,GHⅡ )。将两种类型的鲫GHcDNA分别克隆到pGEM TEasyVector上进行序列测定和分析。克隆的鲫GHⅠ和GHⅡcDNA均包括编码 188个氨基酸残基的GH成熟肽序列和 3′端的非翻译区 ,但不含信号肽序列和 5′端非编码区。序列分析结果表明 ,鲫GHⅠ的碱基序列和推测的氨基酸序列与国外已经发表的金鱼GHⅠ的同源性分别为 98 7%和 97 9% ;GHⅡ的碱基序列和推测的氨基酸序列与金鱼GHⅡ的同源性分别为 99 1%和 99 5% ,虽然同源性较高 。

不同产地木荷优树无性系生长和开花性状的分析

为比较不同产地木荷（Schima superba Gardn.et Champ.）优树无性系的生长性状（包括树高、胸径、冠幅和一级侧枝数）和开花性状（包括开花物候期和花朵数量）的遗传差异,采用方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析方法,对来源于福建建瓯和连城、浙江庆元及龙泉和遂昌、江西上犹的22个木荷优树无性系的生长和开花性状进行了综合分析。结果表明：供试木荷无性系的树高、胸径、冠幅和一级侧枝数的的变异系数为19%~32%,始花时段、盛花时段、末花时段和花朵数量的变异系数为37%~73%,表明不同无性系生长和开花性状的变异较大。除木荷无性系一级侧枝数产地间的变异未达到显著水平外,其他生长和开花性状产地间和产地内的变异均达到显著或极显著水平。各生长和开花性状的无性系重复力为0.41~0.94,显示遗传控制程度中等偏强。无性系的树高、胸径和冠幅与花期的相关性均不显著,但与花朵数量呈显著或极显著正相关;来自较低纬度的无性系始花期最早,来自较高纬度或海拔的无性系始花期最晚。聚类分析结果显示：22个木荷无性系可聚为4个类型,类型1和类型4分别包含5个和7个无性系,这2类无性系的树高、胸径、冠幅和花朵数量总体上高于群体均值,生长表现优良、花朵数量较多,且类型4包含的无性系产地纬度较低、开花日期较早;类型2包含8个无性系,生长表现一般、花朵数量较少;类型3包含2个无性系,生长表现优良、花朵数量低于群体均值。研究结果显示：依据产地的纬度和海拔可初步判定木荷无性系的花期,可为木荷杂交育种亲本的选配和种子园建园过程中无性系的配置提供科学依据和理论基础。

6年生桉树无性系林分生长性状聚类分析

以16个桉树无性系为材料,对其6年生时生长性状进行比较。方差分析表明不同无性系表现出对立地条件较敏感,说明在不同立地条件下进行无性系选择是必要的。聚类分析表明无性系M1、GL9、DH32-22保存率高,生长性状达到中上等水平,是本试验中的较优良品种。无性系亲本分析表明以尾叶桉和巨桉为亲本进行杂交育种具有较大的发展空间。

革胡子鲶生长激素基因克隆与序列同源分析

应用RT-PCR技术从革胡子鲶(Clarias lazera)脑垂体RNA中扩增出生长激素(growth hormone,GH)基因cDNA片段,并克隆到质粒载体pMD18-T,鉴定测序。克隆的革胡子鲶GHcDNA开放阅读框全长603bp,编码由200个氨基酸残基组成的生长激素前体。5个科7种鲶形目鱼类GH基因序列同源比较结果表明,7种鲶形目鱼类间GH基因序列的同源性很高,平均为92.4%,大口鲶和鲶之间的同源性最高,为98.5%,革胡子鲶和鲶之间的同源性最低,为89.4%。并据此构建了鲶形目鱼类间的系统进化树,聚类分析结果与鲶形目鱼类传统的分类进化地位基本一致。

加州鲈生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子I cDNA的克隆及序列分析

GH-IGF-I轴是鱼体体内一个重要的内分泌生理轴,主要调控鱼体的生长发育。用RT-PCR方法从加州鲈脑垂体和肝脏组织中分别扩增出加州鲈GH和IGF-I cDNA,克隆到pMD19 T-Vector上进行序列测定和分析。结果表明:1)加州鲈GH cDNA开放阅读框长为615 bp,编码204个氨基酸,其中信号肽17个氨基酸,成熟肽187个氨基酸。成熟肽中有四个保守的半胱氨酸残基(分别位于69,177,193,202),可形成两对二硫键。加州鲈GH氨基酸序列与蓝太阳鱼、斜带石斑鱼、金头鲷、虹鳟、鲤鱼、斑马鱼相比较,同源性分别为100%、97%、94%、66%、56%、53%。2)加州鲈IGF-I cDNA开放阅读框长为561bp,编码包括信号肽和B、C、A、D、E五个区域的186个氨基酸,形成成熟肽时,信号肽和E区域被切除。成熟蛋白的氨基酸序列与GenBank中已知的河鲈、三角鲂、金头鲷、舌齿鲈、斑马鱼的相比较,结果发现四个区域的保守性有差异,A区和B区保守性较高,C区和D区保守性较差。加州鲈GH和IGF-I cDNA的获得为进一步研究鱼体GH-IGF-I轴对生长发育的调控机制奠定了基础。

尾叶桉无性系多点遗传分析及优良无性系选择

对广西3地点20个以尾叶桉为主要亲本的桉树无性系进行6、12、18个月生的性状分析与遗传测定。结果表明,生长性状在无性系、地点和无性系×地点交互效应上均存在极显著差异,试验可选择出生长优良的无性系;不同地点生长量表现为:山口>天堂>犀牛脚;18个月生时性状综合分析和评定表明,12、17、18号无性系适应性广,具速生丰产性,可试行推广利用,而2、3、5、6号无性系丰产性和稳定性差,缺少利用价值。