Soil microorganisms alleviate the allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla leachates on Brassica chinensis

Soil microbes may be critical players in determining the allelopathic potential of some plants. Low levels of plant community biodiversity in Eucalyptus plantations have been attributed to the allelopathic potential of these tree species. The role of soil microbes in the allelopathic effect of leaf leachates of the hybrid tree Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, was tested in Petri dish assays with Brassica chinensis as a receiver plant. Soils were collected from either a local garden (soil A) or a Eucalyptus plantation (soil B) and half of each soil was sterilized to remove microbes. These soils were then treated with E. grandis x E. urophylla leachates for 0-72 h. Seed germination of B. chinensis was significantly inhibited in soils treated with leaf leachates relative to untreated soils. The inhibitory effect of the leaf leachates was more pronounced in sterilized soils. Total phenolic content was obvious lower in nonsterile leachate-treated soils than in sterile soils. Biomass of B. chinensis was negatively correlated with the total phenolic content in soils. Our findings suggest that soil microbes can alleviate the allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus and thereby its negative impact on plant growth.

Comparative microsporogenesis and flower development in Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis

Microsporogenesis and flower development in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis were examined using chromosome tableting to provide a method to predict the meiotic stages in this species. Although microsporogenesis was normal, cytokinesis during meiosis of pollen mother cells occurred simultaneously, with strong asynchronism observed in the two different lengths of stamens in a flower bud. In a single flower, the developmental period of microsporogenesis in anthers on the longer stamens was always ahead of those on the shorter stamens. Flower development was also asynchronous at different locations on a branch. Flower buds on the upper side of the branch were larger in diameter than those on the lower side. In addition, a correlation was observed between microsporogenesis development and flower bud diameter growth. The pachy- tene stage was first observed when the diameter of the flower buds increased to 3.0 mm, and the majority of the meiotic stages were observed when bud diameters ranged from 3.5 to 5.0 mm. This study showed that the developmental stages of microsporogenesis in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis could be distinguished readily, which may be applicable to future breeding studies.

Monoterpene hydrocarbons,major components of the dried leaves essential oils of five species of the genus Eucalyptus from Cote d’Ivoire

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the dried leaves of five species of the genus Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. de-glupta, E. grandis, E. torelliana, E. urophylla) growing in C?te d’Ivoire, was analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. The density and the refractive index were measured. The major components of all these oils are: α-pinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, limonene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene and β-caryo-phyllene. The particularity of these oils is their monoterpene hydrocarbons major components.

Study on Machining Properties of Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis:I. Planing and Sanding Properties

The research method in this paper is based on the standard of American Society for Testing andMaterials (ASTM). Planing and sanding are selected to study the machining properties of E. urophylla × E.grandis plantation wood. Moreover, the reasons for machining defects are analyzed. The results show E.urophylla × E. grandis planted in south China is a good species with a great potential for solid woodutilization.

Influence of Planting Spacing on Mechanical Properties of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla Planted in China

The objective of this study was to understand influence of planting spacing on mechanical properties of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla planted as a potential species for solid wood products in China. Four trees at age of 13 were selected from each of 6 groups of planting spacing and a total of 24 sampling trees were selected from the Dongmen Forestry Center of Guangxi Province in China. Furthermore, a one-meter-long log from each tree was cut into small blocks for wood properties testing. MOE, MOR and compression strength parallel to wood grain were determined in accordance with Chinese standards. In addition, wood density and shrinkage properties were measured. Statistical analysis by SAS software indicated significant differences among the 6 groups of planting spacings on the air-dried density, radial shrinkage and bending MOR properties at the 0.05 level, and also on the compression strength at the 0.10 level. However, it was observed that there is no significant differences among shrinkages in tangential and volume, and MOE.

Growth Process of Eucalyptus urophylla × E.grandis Stand Based on Logistic Equation

Eucalyptus is the most valuable cultivated forest genus in the tropical and subtropical areas nowadays. It has been a challenge for foresters to model growth due to the genetic variations, management regimes, and multiple products generated from the plantations. In this paper, Logistic equation was used to study the stock growth process of E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation at age of 14 with 6 spacing treatments. And the biological interpretation of the parameters of Logistic equation was analyzed. The results show that it is flexible, precise and accurate to fit the growth process.

Study on Machining Properties of Eucalyptus urophylla× E.grandis:Ⅱ.Shaping,Boring,Mortising and Turning

The research method of this paper is based on the standards of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Four items that contain boring, mortising, shaping and turning are selected to study the machining properties of E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation wood. The reasons for machining defects are analyzed. The resultshows thatE. urophylla × E. grandis planted in South China isa good specieswith great potential for solid wood utilization.

Effect of Initial Moisture Content on Solar Drying Ratefor Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla

Wood drying is one of the most important process links in wood products processing.However, the existing drying methods mainly depend on heat to desiccate wood, which makes wooddrying consume roughly 40% - 70% of the total energy in the entire wood process. Using solar energyfor drying is greatly significant in two aspects of energy conservation and environment protection. Themoisture content (MC) of lumber affects not only the target value of wood drying, but also the heattransfer properties, moisture rate of expansion, etc., affecting dried lumber quality and drying rate.Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla lumbers were collected from Guangdong as test materials and dried inthe solar dryer with low temperature schedule and the effect of initial moisture content were primarystudied on drying rate. Experiments showed that solar drying was suitable for timber with high MC. Interms of drying rate and dried lumber quality, solar drying was as good as traditional steam drying withthe same schedule. And the solar dryer had distinct energy-saving effect.

短周期尾巨桉连栽林分生产力的研究

采用空间代替时间和定位观测相结合的方法对广西东门林场3．6年生尾巨桉林分生物量和生产力的连栽效应进行了研究。结果表明：林分平均单株生物量及林分生物量3代〉1代〉2代，不同代数尾巨桉器官生物量的大小顺序为干材〉干皮〉根蔸〉粗根〉光枝〉叶〉枯枝〉叶枝〉吸收根〉细根，地上与地下部分的比例分别为84．48％-84．75％和15．25％～15．52％；不同代数林分乔木层生产力为3代〉1代〉2代，连栽对尾巨桉林分生产力的影响有待进一步的研究。

不同林龄尾巨桉人工林生态系统生物量的研究

对闽南山区不同林龄(2、3、4、5、6年生)尾巨桉人工林生态系统的生物量进行了研究,其中林木生物量采用标准木法,林下植被和地被物生物量采用样方收获法。结果表明:乔木层生物量随着林龄的增加而逐渐增加,分别为45.14、69.22、92.20、111.82、175.09t/hm2,其中树干占的比例最大(44.5%～60.4%),细根最小(0.2%～0.6%);各林龄尾巨桉生产力依次为22.86、26.07、32.63、32.70、46.69t/(hm2·a),叶的生产力随林龄增长呈现先增加后减少的趋势;林下植被生物量依次为5308.83、7201.62、5676.47、4033.42、9183.13kg/hm2,其中灌木生物量在3年生时最大,为2121.89kg/hm2,而草本生物量在6年生时最大,达到1062.19kg/hm2;不同年龄尾巨桉地被物现存量大小表现为6年生>3年生>5年生>2年生>4年生,2～5年生时未分解层现存量小于分解层,6年生时则是分解层现存量小于未分解层。

不同林龄尾巨桉人工林土壤养分与微生物的耦合关系

基于对广西东南部不同林龄尾巨桉人工林下土壤养分和微生物测定及典范对应分析,探讨了不同林龄尾巨桉林土壤养分、微生物特征及其相互关系。结果表明:(1)不同林龄尾巨桉人工林下土壤有效磷和pH值的林龄效应不显著,土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮随林龄增加基本上呈先增后减趋势,但各养分含量最高点的林龄有所不同。(2)土壤微生物种群总数、细菌、真菌及放线菌数量含量的林龄效应明显,土壤微生物种群总数量、细菌、真菌均在3a和8a龄林地含量较高,而且微生物种群中细菌比例最大,放线菌次之,真菌最小;细菌、真菌数量变化趋势相似,随林龄增长表现为增长减少再增长的趋势,放线菌数量变化没有一定规律。(3)微生物量碳(Cmic)、氮(Nmic)、磷(Pmic)的林龄效应均比较明显,Cmic从1a～8a龄林地呈折线变化,最高峰位于8a龄林地,1a龄林地次之;Nmic的变化趋势呈"V"状,1a和8a龄林地含量基本相同,最低点出现在3a龄林地;Pmic含量变化情况则相反,最高点位于5a龄林地,1a、8a龄林地含量较低。(4)典范对应分析表明,5个不同林龄尾巨桉人工林地土壤主要养分与微生物大部分不呈正相关或相关性不显著,说明影响土壤养分、微生物及其之间的关系不仅受林龄的影响,地形等其他因素也起到很大作用。

巨尾桉叶中皂苷的提取分离及其抗氧化活性研究

开展了从巨尾桉叶中提取皂苷的工艺优化研究。考察了温度、时间,溶剂用量对皂苷得率的影响,并对粗提物进行纯化。结果表明,巨尾桉叶皂苷的优化条件是:提取温度61.8℃,提取时间5.02 h,溶剂与巨尾桉叶的液料比为20.09∶1,皂苷的提取得率(g/g)为5.51%。提取物经大孔树脂-丙酮沉淀联用分离法纯化后皂苷含量由16.22%提高到50.35%。对粗提物、大孔树脂纯化物和大孔树脂吸附-丙酮沉淀纯化物进行抗氧化活性研究。结果表明,它们对DPPH自由基的最大清除率分别为83.02%、84.20%和85.62%,对过氧化氢的最大清除率分别为80.10%、55.02%和48.21%,对超氧阴离子自由基的最大清除率分别为16.62%、13.43%和10.01%。

巨尾桉单宁的提取分离及其抗菌抗氧化性能

采用超声波辅助法提取了巨尾桉叶中的单宁,大孔树脂吸附法纯化了粗提物,考察了提取物对8种常见菌种的抑制作用和对H2O2、DPPH.和.OH的清除作用。结果表明,巨尾桉单宁的提取得率为4.01%;经树脂分离纯化后单宁质量分数达到53.12%;巨尾桉单宁对除大肠杆菌外的供试菌种均有较强的抑制作用,纯化后的单宁对金黄色葡萄球菌、酵母菌和痢疾杆菌的最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)均为1.0 g/L,对蜡状芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用优于阳性对照物;粗提物、纯化物在质量浓度为0.50 g/L时对H2O2有最大清除率,分别为80.00%、89.12%,其IC50分别为0.11、0.12 g/L;抗坏血酸、粗提物和纯化物均在质量浓度为1.50 g/L时对DPPH.有最大清除率,分别为98.43%、88.97%和92.21%。在清除.OH体系中,粗提物、纯化物均在质量浓度为4.00 g/L时有最大清除率,分别为87.52%和94.32%,各试样对.OH的清除能力依次为抗坏血酸>纯化物>粗提物。

尾巨桉叶片水浸提液化感作用的生物评价

以尾巨桉为研究对象,通过测定新鲜尾巨桉叶片水浸提液对菜心、白菜、水稻种子萌发及芽生长的影响,对其化感作用进行生物评价。结果表明,与对照相比,当尾巨桉叶片水浸提液质量浓度达到5%时,菜心和白菜的种子发芽率下降明显,产生显著或极显著的抑制作用,其他处理的作用不显著;尾巨桉叶片水浸提液质量浓度低于1%时,对水稻种子萌发具有一定促进作用。尾巨桉叶片水浸提液促进菜心、白菜的胚轴生长,而抑制胚根生长,且对胚轴生长的促进作用较明显;对水稻胚轴生长的作用不显著,而对其胚根生长有显著的抑制作用。尾巨桉叶片中存在某些化感物质,其化感效应因植物种类及器官不同而有所差别。

尾叶桉和巨尾桉叶面积的测算模型研究

[目的]为构建尾叶桉和巨尾桉叶面积优化测算模型。[方法]以尾叶桉和巨尾桉为研究对象,对其叶面积与几个叶形特征值的相关性进行了研究。[结果]2个树种的叶形特征值存在一定差异,各自的叶面积与叶长、叶宽、叶周长、叶长×叶宽、叶的长宽比、形状因子等均存在显著性相关,可以与叶面积构建回归模型。其中,利用尾叶桉和巨尾桉的叶长×叶宽值构建的2个叶面积测算模型效果最好,具有较高的精度和实际应用价值。[结论]该研究为这2个树种的研究提供了一种简便有效的叶面积测算方法。

巨尾桉叶、皮、芯中单宁提取及其抗氧化性研究

采用加热回流与超声波辅助提取法分别提取了巨尾桉的树叶、树皮、树芯3部位中的单宁,考察了3部位提取物的抗氧化特性。加热回流法提取巨尾桉树叶、树皮、树芯单宁的得率分别为4.19%、1.86%和0.25%。超声波辅助提取法提取巨尾桉树叶、树皮、树芯单宁的得率分别为3.20%、2.25%和0.19%。巨尾桉3部位的单宁提取物对DPPH·、·OH自由基和H2O2均有较好的清除作用,其中,巨尾桉叶、皮、芯单宁提取物对DPPH·自由基清除率分别相当于VC的91.08%、93.20%、79.40%;对·OH自由基清除率分别相当于VC的181%、125%、132%;对H2O2的清除率分别相当于VC的83.60%、65.46%、78.46%。

不同林龄尾巨桉林地土壤有机碳储量变化差异

为桉树人工林的土壤质量评价提供科学依据,研究了不同林龄(1 a、2 a、3 a、5 a、7 a)尾巨桉林地0~60 cm土壤和枯落物的碳含量及碳储量,测算了不同林龄桉树林地叶面积指数,乔木层、灌木层、草本层和枯落物层生物量。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量随土层深度增加而呈降低趋势,不同林龄0~20 cm土层有机碳含量差异显著,不同林龄相同土层之间土壤有机碳储量差异不显著;枯落物碳储量差异显著,大小顺序为:5 a(4.83 t·hm^(-2))>7 a(3.89 t·hm^(-2))>3 a(2.66 t·hm^(-2))>2 a(2.43 t·hm^(-2))>1 a(1.56 t·hm^(-2));0~60 cm土层土壤碳储量与叶面积指数呈负相关关系,与林龄、乔木层生物量、灌木层生物量、草本层生物量、枯落物层生物量之间呈正相关性,但相关性都不显著。

尾巨桉家系木材的解剖结构及纤维形态研究

对8个尾巨桉家系木材的解剖结构及纤维形态学参数进行了研究。结果表明：尾巨桉木材属阔叶散孔材，生长轮界限不易区分，木射线异形单列。尾巨桉家系木材纤维长度值主要集中在800—1100μm之间，且在个体水平上分布范围广。从纤维长度、长宽比及壁腔比三方面来评价，尾巨桉木材纤维能满足纤维工业原料的要求，是制浆造纸和纤维板生产的良好原料。

桉叶素-松油醇型重整复配复合精油制备及其抗菌性研究

以巨尾桉精油和松油烯-4-醇型互叶白千层精油为原料,研究桉叶素-松油醇型重整复配精油的配方、制备工艺、组成含量、质量控制及抗菌作用。通过精馏、重整、复配制成复合精油,采用气相色谱法测定主要成分及其相对含量并控制产品质量。体外抗菌试验证明复合精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌6种能引起皮肤感染的病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。重整复配复合精油原料来源丰富,制备方法简单合理,产品质量稳定可控,可作为天然抑菌、杀虫剂,有良好的应用前景。

尾巨桉和厚荚相思人工林土壤肥力及其差异

对广西国营高峰林场界牌分场相似立地条件下尾巨桉和厚荚相思人工林土壤的物理和化学性质进行了测定，旨在研究尾巨桉和厚荚相思的生长对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：厚荚相思人工林的土壤非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、自然含水量、非毛管持水量、毛管持水量及最大持水量均高于尾巨桉，其具更高的土壤通透、保水和供水性能，但差异不显著（P=0．31—0．97）；除速效钾外，尾巨桉人工林土壤有机质和养分元素含量均小于厚荚相思人工林。差异显著性检验结果表明：20—40cm土壤有机质差异极显著（P=0．01），而在0—20cm土层中，土壤有机质、pH值、全磷、全氮等差异均不显著（P=0．11—0．99）；厚荚相思人工林对土壤的改良作用优于尾巨桉人工林。