Insights into Euphorbia diversity: Probing the contrasts between Euphorbia fischeriana Steud and Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata

In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Euphorbia fischeriana Steud(E.fischeriana)and Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata(E.ebracteolata),commonly referred to as“Langdu”,are widely extensively utilized for treating lymphatic tuberculosis and ringworm[1].Both plant species are perennial herbaceous plants mainly distributed in northeastern China,Mongolia,Russia(Siberia),and Republic of Korea[2].There have been many reports on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the two plant species,which has made more and more researchers realize that there may be differences between E.fischeriana and E.ebracteolata.In some cases,long-term improper use of herbal medicines can even lead to life-threatening conditions[3,4].Therefore,it is essential to employ an effective technology to differentiate between these two plants based on their chemical constituents and biological activities,so as to reduce the harm caused by the mixing and misuse of medicinal materials.Therefore,the present paper describes a study of the differences between E.ebracteolata and E.fischeriana,using untargeted plant metabolomics and biological activity evaluations.This study aims to provide valuable insight into their equivalence and potential interchangeability in TCM and clinical medication.

Haematological and Biochemical Indices of Finisher Broiler Chickens Fed Graded Levels of Spurge Weeds (Euphorbia heterophylla) Leaf Meal

The study aimed to investigate the Haematological and Serum Biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens fed graded levels of Euphorbia heterophylla leaf meal (EHLM) also known as spurge weed. The birds were allotted into six dietary treatments of ten birds segregated into three replicates each. The diets formulated with EHLM were included at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% levels in diets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively to replace soybean. Each treatment was replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Uncoagulated blood samples were collected from the birds at the end of the 56 days feeding trial and analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentrate (Hb), red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were calculated using PCV, RBC and Hb. The blood meant for serological analysis was centrifuged at 1000 G for 10 minutes, after which the serum was separated and used for determining serum total protein (Tp), Albumin, Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The results revealed that the control group had significantly higher values of PCV, RBC, and Hb compared to other treatment groups. However, the values of MCV, MCH, lymphocytes, heterophils, and eosinophils were similar to the control. The biochemical parameters showed significant differences among treatment groups, but not significantly different from the control. The study concluded that EHLM may not pose a health challenge to broiler chickens at levels of 5 - 15 percent, but improved health, immunity and performance can be achieved at the 15% inclusion level.

Study on the mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.- Jujubae Fructus in the treatment of hepatocirrhosis based on network pharmacology

The active components,targets,and pathways of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and the mechanism of action were explored by means of network pharmacology.Firstly,the active components and related targets of Jujubae Fructus were screened by TCMSP database and standardized by Uniprot database.The compounds of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.were obtained by searching the literature and finally screened by PubChem database,Swiss ADME,and SwissTargetPrediction.Hepatocirrhosis targets were obtained through Genecards database,PPI network analysis was conducted on common targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis by using String database,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was conducted through Metascape database by using intersection targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis,and the results were drawn by using Weishengxin online drawing platform.Then,the network of drug-compound-target-pathway was constructed by the software of Cytoscape3.8.0.Finally,the above results were verified by molecular docking.47 active compounds from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus were screened out,which had 38 common targets,162 intersection targets,and 340 signal pathways with hepatocirrhosis,mainly involving hepatitis C,JAK-STAT signal pathway and AGE-RAGE signal pathway.Targets,such as MAPK1,AKT1,TNF,JUN,IL6 and PTGS2,play important roles in the treatment.The findings suggested that the main active ingredients of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis are quercetin,scopolamine,physcion,7-deoxyrangduin,17-Hydroxyjolkinolide A,etc.Molecular docking results showed that the main active components and core targets might have a good binding capacity.This study preliminarily explored the potential mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus.

Pharmacognosy research and identification of Euphorbia prostrata Ait.

Background:Euphorbia prostrata Ait.is an annual herb widely distributed in the southern region of China with great medical values on Anti-inflammation,insect repellent,treatment of diarrhea.Despite its extensive uses as a traditional Chinese medicine,no systematic research on the identification of E.prostrata has been reported.Methods:The study aimed to establish an accurate identification system for E.prostrata through traditional pharmacognostical methods,including botanical origin,morphological characters,medicinal material characters,microscopic characters,physicochemical parameters determination,phytochemical screening,and DNA barcoding analysis.Results:Physicochemical results show that this plant likely contains flavonoids,anthraquinones,and other substances.The ITS loci of the nuclear genome and psbA-trnH loci of the chloroplast genome were selected and evaluated,which were the most variable loci.Conclusion:The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of species identification,as well as provide references for authenticity identification,genetic relationship analysis,and further utilization of E.prostrata.

Study on the regulatory effect of liver X receptor in HEK293 cells by six main diterpene esters in Semen Euphorbiae

Background:To study the effects of the main diterpene esters in Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)on the transcriptional activity and protein expression of liver X receptor(LXR).Methods:The effect of the main diterpene ester components in Semen Euphorbiae on the viability of HEK293 cells were studied by MTT assay.The LXR-Luc plasmid vector was transfected into HEK293 cells and treated with Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)for 24 h.The effect of the main diterpene ester components of Semen Euphorbiae on LXR-Luc luciferase activity was investigated by dual luciferase reporter gene system,and the expression of LXRαprotein was detected by Western Blot.Results:Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)could significantly reduce the relative luciferase activity(RLU)of LXRα,and the expression level of LXRαprotein was significantly down-regulated.Conclusion:Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)can inhibit the expression of LXR protein level,which may be achieved by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of LXR.

Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice

Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.

Mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Euphorbia hirta Linn.(Family:Euphorbiaceae) and Bacillus sphaericus against Anopheles stephensi Liston.(Diptera:Culicidae)

Objective:To explore the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta） leaf extract and Bacillus sphaericus（B.sphaericus） against the malarial vector.Anopheles siephensi（An. stephensi）.Methods:The larvicidal and pupicidal activity was assayed against An.stephensi at various concentrations ranging from（75-375 ppm） under the laboratory as well as field conditions. The LC50 and LC90 value of the E.hirta leaf extract was determined by probit analysis.Results: The plant extract showed larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure;however,the highest larval mortality was found in the methanol extract of E.hirta against the first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of values LC50=137.40,172.65,217.81,269.37 and 332.39 ppm;B.sphaericus against the first to fourth instars larvae and pupae of values LC50= 44.29,55.83,68.51,82.19 and 95.55 ppm, respectively.Moreover,combined treatment of values of LC50= 79.13,80.42,86.01,93.00 and 98.12 ppm,respectively.No mortality was observed in the control.Conclusions:These results suggest methanol leaf extracts of E.hirta and B.sphaericus have potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the malarial vector.An.stephensi as target species of vector control programs.This study provides the first report on the combined mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of this plant crude extract and bacterial toxin against An.stephensi mosquitoes.

A Review on Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Euphorbia hirta L.

Euphorbia hirta L. is an annual medicinal herb throughout many tropical continents used to cure various diseases. Several studies have isolated many bioactive compounds from E. hirta. This study aimed at providing a collection of bioactive constituents in E. hirta. This review summarizes the extraction solvent, the structures and the properties of 38 bioactive phytochemicals isolated from E. hirta. It could help to understand the relationship existing between phytochemicals and their activities.

Study on the Action Mechanism of Euphorbia peplus in the Treatment of Alzheimer s Disease Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Combined with Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

[Objectives]Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS,network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques,the mechanism of Euphorbia peplus in the treatment of Alzheimer s disease(AD)was studied.[Methods]The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique was used to rapidly analyze the chemical components of E.peplus.Active components and potential targets of E.peplus were retrieved from TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction database,and AD targets were screened using GeneCards database.The targets of E.peplus in the treatment of AD were obtained.The PPI network was constructed using String platform,and the network topology of Cytoscape software was used to compute and screen key targets,and the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was carried out in Metascape database to construct the"component-target-pathway-disease"network.Molecular docking was used to predict the binding properties of active ingredients and targets.[Results]The results of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS showed that 83 compounds were identified from E.peplus,including 19 terpenoids,10 phenolic acids and phenols,16 flavonoids,2 phenylpropanoids,4 coumarins,1 alkaloid,1 anthraquinone and 30 other compounds.The results of network pharmacological analysis showed that 82 active ingredients were screened,and 279 common targets were identified for the treatment of AD,among which the key targets were ALB(albumin),GAPDH(glyceraldehyde triphosphate dehydrogenase),TNF(tumor necrosis factor),AKT1(serine/threonine protein kinase 1),and IL6(interleukin-6).KEGG enrichment analysis showed that key signaling pathways include cancer pathways,lipid and atherosclerosis,Alzheimer s disease,insulin resistance,serotonergic synapses,calcium signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway and other signaling pathways.Molecular docking results showed that 14-deoxyandrographolide,dehydroandrographolide,licochalcone B,apigenin and naringenin may be the key components of E.peplus in the treatment of AD.[Conclusions]The results suggest that E.peplus can be used to treat Alzheimer s disease through multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway.

Ethanol extract of Annona muricata Linn fruit perform antidiabetic effect on type 2 diabetic mice through α-glucosidase inhibition

Objective:To explore the anti-diabetic effects and its underlying mechanism of Annona muricata Linn fruit ethanol extract(AME).Methods:Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mouse model was constructed.Those diabetic mice were randomly grouped and given 50 mg/kg acarbose or AME(200 mg/kg,100 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg)for four weeks.The body weight,postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured during the administration.After the administration,a glucose tolerance test was performed,and the levels of triglycerides,cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in mice were detected by biochemical test kits.The inhibitory activity of AME onα-glucosidase in vivo and in vitro was determined by enzyme inhibition tests.Results:AME significantly reduced weight gain,postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein levels in T2DM mice;enhanced glucose tolerance and pancreaticβ-cell function of T2DM mice;inhibitedα-glucosidase activity in mouse intestine in an noncompetitive manner.Conclusion:AME may noncompetitive inhibitα-glucosidase activity and reduce postprandial glucose intake to achieve a therapeutic and regulatory effect on type 2 diabetes.

基于模糊数学的木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料制备

木姜叶柯与玫瑰茄的味觉特性限制了两种原料在食品工业中的广泛使用.为拓展木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄的应用,以木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄为主要原料,采用浸提法制备木姜叶柯及玫瑰茄浸提液,通过对饮料气味、色泽、组织状态和滋味进行权重分析,建立了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料模糊数学感官评价方法;利用单因素试验和正交试验结合模糊数学感官评价法,确定了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方,并对最佳产品的质量指标(可溶性固形物含量、总酸及总多酚质量浓度、澄清度)进行了测定.结果表明:木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方为木姜叶柯浸提液添加量3%,玫瑰茄浸提液添加量4%,柠檬酸添加量0.03%,复配甜味剂(甜度200)添加量0.03%.通过该配方制得的饮料质地均匀透亮、颜色呈玫红色、酸甜适宜,具有木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄特有的香味,其理化指标测定结果为:可溶性固形物含量0.16%±0.01%,总多酚质量浓度107.42±1.90 mg/L,总酸质量浓度0.30±0.01 g/L,澄清度73.62%±1.35%.

飞龙掌血茎和根不同炮制品对小鼠的急性毒性试验

旨在了解飞龙掌血[Toddalia asiatica(Linn)Lam.]茎和根不同炮制对小鼠急性毒性作用。130只KM小鼠适应性喂养3 d后,随机分为13组,包括溶媒组和12个药物试验剂量组(1个药材茎生品组和5个茎炮制组,1个根生品组和5个根炮制组,其中5种药材炮制品包括水煮制品、水洗制品、水蒸制品、酒蒸制品和酒炙制品)。溶媒组小鼠按40 mL/kg给予纯净水灌胃,给药3次,间隔4~5 h;茎各炮制品试验组小鼠按40 mL/kg灌胃,给药3次,间隔4~5 h;根各炮制品试验组小鼠按30 mL/kg灌胃,给药2次,间隔4~5 h,记录给药后各组小鼠14 d的主要临床症状、体重变化,并统计死亡率。结果表明,飞龙掌血及各炮制品可对小鼠产生急性毒性作用,临床中毒症状有自主活动减少、安静怠动、俯卧和翻正反射消失。炮制品组与溶媒组比较,在14 d内茎和根各炮制品均可致小鼠体重明显降低,且死亡率显著高于溶媒组(P<0.05或P<0.01);而与生品组比较,茎和根的5种炮制品在14 d内对小鼠体重的影响不显著,可有效降低小鼠的死亡率,其中以水煮法效果最佳。水煮、水洗、水蒸、酒蒸、酒炙炮制方法可以减小飞龙掌血茎和根(生品)对小鼠的毒性作用,但对小鼠体脂影响不显著。

泽漆醇提取物抗氧化活性及对油酸诱导HepG2细胞脂肪堆积的影响

为了探究泽漆醇提取物体外抗氧化作用及其对油酸诱导HepG2细胞脂肪堆积的影响。本研究采用浸渍法分别以25%、50%、75%甲醇和乙醇对泽漆粉末进行提取,评估不同泽漆提取物的体外抗氧化活性,并测定其总酚和总黄酮含量。建立HepG2细胞脂肪堆积模型,不同浓度(20、40、60μg/mL)泽漆50%乙醇提取物处理24 h,观察细胞内脂滴形成情况;测定细胞中甘油三脂(triglyceride,TG)含量、总谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活性及总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)。结果表明,泽漆醇提取物均具有抗氧化活性,且有浓度依赖性,其中50%乙醇提取物在一定浓度范围内抗氧化效果最佳(P<0.05),且总酚(8.813%±1.344%)和总黄酮(17.938%±0.819%)含量也较高。与模型组比较,泽漆50%乙醇提取物能够降低HepG2细胞内脂滴和TG值,提高细胞GSH、T-AOC含量和SOD活性(P<0.05),具有浓度依赖性。综上可知,50%乙醇提取物可以抑制油酸诱导的HepG2细胞脂肪堆积,并增强细胞内源性抗氧化能力。

海岸桐茎和果实的化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术对海岸桐(Guettarda speciosa Linn.)茎和果实的化学成分进行分析。结果显示:海岸桐茎中有35个化合物,包括三萜类12个、环烯醚萜类7个、酚酸及其苷类12个、强心苷类2个、黄酮类1个、苦木素类1个。海岸桐果实中有40个化合物,包括三萜类10个、环烯醚萜类8个、酚酸及其苷类8个、黄酮类8个、甾体类3个、脂肪酸类2个、二萜类1个。海岸桐茎和果实中共有成分18个,包括三萜类7个、环烯醚萜类6个、酚酸类及其苷类4个、黄酮类1个。综上所述,海岸桐茎中富含鞣质类酚酸成分,生态学意义较强;果实含有环烯醚萜类等活性物质,开发利用价值较高。

复合侵染云南西番莲的两种菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒的分子鉴定及序列分析

西番莲Passiflora caerulea是我国南部省区广泛种植的一种热带果树。本研究于2020年6月从云南省德宏州西番莲种植区采集到4份疑似感染菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒的西番莲样品,利用PCR扩增、克隆、测序以及生物信息学分析等方法,明确了西番莲样品受菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒侵染。对4份西番莲样品进行菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒全基因组扩增,从中共获得5条菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒全基因组序列,分别命名为YN7292-6、YN7293-12、YN7293-4、YN7294-16和YN7295-25,均具有菜豆金色花叶病毒属单组分病毒的典型结构,编码7个开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF);其中YN7292-6、YN7293-12、YN7294-16及YN7295-25与一品红曲叶病毒(Euphorbia leaf curl virus,EuLCuV)的不同分离物的核苷酸相似性均高于99.05%,为EuLCuV的不同分离物;而YN7293-4则与分离自江西西番莲样品的广东番木瓜曲叶病毒(papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus,PaLCuGdV)分离物GNPF1(GenBank登录号:MK673114.1)的核苷酸相似性最高,为99.70%,为PaLCuGdV的一个分离物;重组分析发现,2个分离物EuLCuV-YN7293-12和PaLCuGdV-YN7293-4均为重组病毒。本研究首次在云南省发现EuLCuV和PaLCuGdV这2种菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒复合侵染西番莲,为有效预防和控制西番莲病毒病害的发生和传播提供理论依据。

NaCl胁迫下pH值和氮素形态对狗牙根生长及钠钾离子调控的影响

以狗牙根〔Cynodon dactylon(Linn.)Pers.〕品种‘阳江’(‘Yangjiang’)为实验材料、2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸(MES)为pH缓冲剂,采用水培法研究NaCl胁迫下pH值和氮素形态(铵态氮和硝态氮)对狗牙根生长和钠钾离子调控的影响。结果表明:处理1周后,若不添加MES,铵态氮处理组培养液的pH值下降到pH 4.0左右,而硝态氮处理组培养液的pH值则上升到pH 9.0左右;添加20 mmol·L^(-1)MES的铵态氮处理组培养液的pH值也下降到pH 4.0左右,而硝态氮处理组培养液的pH值则接近pH 7.0。与0 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl处理组相比,300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl处理组狗牙根的枝条长度和枝条干质量显著(P<0.05)下降,而根长度、根干质量、根和叶中Na^(+)含量和Na^(+)/K^(+)比、钠钾选择性转运系数、叶Na^(+)和K^(+)的分泌量及分泌物Na^(+)/K^(+)比总体上显著升高。300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,硝态氮处理组狗牙根的枝条长度、根长度、根干质量、根冠比、根中Na^(+)含量总体上显著高于铵态氮处理组,而叶中Na^(+)和K^(+)含量及Na^(+)/K^(+)比、叶Na^(+)和K^(+)的分泌量明显低于铵态氮处理组。300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,20 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组狗牙根的多数生长指标显著高于0 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组,而根和叶中Na^(+)和K^(+)含量及Na^(+)/K^(+)比、钠钾选择性转运系数在0和20 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组间的差异不显著。三因素方差分析结果表明:3个因子的单一和交互作用对多数生长指标、叶中Na^(+)含量和泌盐量相关指标的影响具有统计学意义。研究结果显示:硝态氮能缓解NaCl胁迫对狗牙根的伤害,而用MES缓冲根际酸碱环境对NaCl胁迫下狗牙根生长有一定的促进作用,因此,施用硝态氮或添加MES均有利于提高狗牙根的抗盐性。

南亚热带生境下6种紫珠属植物的光响应模型拟合分析

利用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型和指数模型,对南亚热带生境下的6种紫珠属(Callicarpa)植物进行光合参数分析和光响应曲线拟合。通过对比4种模型计算光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))、暗呼吸速率(R_(d))和表观量子效率(AQE)以及决定系数(R^(2))、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)等参数,筛选出6种紫珠属植物最适光响应模型。结果表明:直角双曲线修正模型是6种紫珠属植物进行光合研究的最适用光响应模型,杜虹花对强光和弱光的利用能力均最高,朝鲜紫珠的光合潜能最大。综上,不同紫珠属植物对光的利用能力既表现出种间差异性,又表现出种间相似性,4种光响应模型在紫珠属植物的光合参数计算上存在较大差异,但在模型的拟合优度和拟合精度上存在一致性。

京大戟醋制前后对正常大鼠毒性的研究

目的比较京大戟醋制前后对正常大鼠肝、胃、肠、肾毒性的差异。方法采用雄性SD大鼠56只,随机分为7组:空白组、京大戟低、中、高剂量组和醋京大戟低、中、高剂量组。给药组大鼠分别灌胃0.253 g/kg、0.506 g/kg、1.012 g/kg京大戟、醋京大戟粉末,空白组灌胃等量的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠,连续7天。考察给药后各组大鼠各脏器的组织病理形态学变化,测定血清中的肝肾功能指标及血清和组织中的氧化损伤指标。结果与空白组比较,各给药组大鼠肝、胃、肠病理切片可见不同程度的组织损伤,京大戟各剂量组的大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)与谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)活性显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),肌酐(creatinine,CRE)与尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)活性略有升高;血清和肝、胃、肠组织中的超氧化歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量明显降低,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。与京大戟组比较,醋京大戟组的大鼠肝、胃、肠组织损伤较轻,血清中AST、ALT活性显著降低;血清和肝、胃、肠组织中的MDA含量明显降低,SOD和GSH含量明显升高(P>0.05),但两组间无显著性差异。结论京大戟对正常大鼠肝、胃、肠毒性明显,对肾无明显损伤,醋制后毒性均下降,其毒性作用与氧化损伤相关。

基于标准汤剂的鲜龙葵果配方颗粒质量标准研究

目的基于标准汤剂的质量评价方法,建立鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的质量标准。方法制备并计算10批鲜龙葵果标准汤剂及3批配方颗粒的出膏率;以鲜龙葵果药材为对照,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的专属性;采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)测定鲜龙葵果配方颗粒中澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱的含量,并建立鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的特征图谱,确定4个特征峰及其相对保留时间的规定范围。结果标准汤剂出膏率为(18.21±1.87)%,确定的配方颗粒的出膏率范围为12.75%~23.67%,3批配方颗粒的出膏率分别为15.90%、21.26%、18.01%。标准汤剂中澳洲茄碱含量为(24.54±1.24)mg·g^(-1),澳洲茄边碱的含量为(31.34±1.65)mg·g^(-1);3批配方颗粒中澳洲茄碱含量分别为19.3 mg·g^(-1)、18.5 mg·g^(-1)、20.4 mg·g^(-1);澳洲茄边碱含量分别为23.9 mg·g^(-1)、22.9 mg·g^(-1)、25.8 mg·g^(-1)。识别出4个共有特征峰,以澳洲茄碱为参照物峰,其余3个峰的相对保留时间规定值分别为1.13、1.70、1.85。结论本研究证明鲜龙葵果配方颗粒与标准汤剂具有质量一致性,为制定配方颗粒的质量标准提供了数据支持。

无花果粗多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

本文以冻干无花果为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取粗多糖类物质,探讨提取溶剂、超声功率、提取温度和提取时间对无花果粗多糖提取率的影响,确定最佳提取参数,并通过DPPH自由基清除实验和总抗氧化能力测定评估无花果粗多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,以去离子水为提取剂,在超声功率为300 W、提取温度为75℃,提取时间为50 min的条件下,无花果多糖提取率最大。抗氧化活性实验结果表明,无花果粗多糖对DPPH自由基有明显的清除作用。