Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E....Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E.hirta were tested for total phenolic content,and flavonoids content and in vitro antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） assay and reducing power was measured using cyanoferrate method.Results:The leaves extract exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of（72.96±0.78）%followed by the flowers,roots and stems whose scavenging activities were（52.45±0.66）%,（48.59±0.97）%,and（44.42±0.94）%,respectively.The standard butylated hydroxytoluene（BHT） was（75.13±0.75）%.The IC<sub>50</sub>,for leaves,flowers,roots,stems and BHT were 0.803,0.972,0.989,1.358 and 0.794 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the leaves extract was comparable with that of ascorbic acid and found to be dose dependent. Leaves extract had the highest total phenolic content[（206.17±1.95） mg GAE/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（117.08±3.10） mg GAE/g,（83.15±1.19） mg GAE/g,and （65.70±1.72） mg GAE/g,respectively.On the other hand,total flavonoids content also from leave had the highest value[（37.970±0.003） mg CEQ/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（35.200±0.002） mg CEQ/g,（24.350±0.006） mg CEQ/g,and（24.120±0.004） mg CEQ/ g,respectively.HPTLC bioautography analysis of phenolic and antioxidant substance revealed phenolic compounds.Phytochemical screening of E.hirta leaf extract revealed the presence of reducing sugars,terpenoids,alkaloids,steroids,tannins,flavanoids and phenolic compounds. Conclusions:These results suggeste that E.hirta have strong antioxidant potential.Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidant agents,which can be used to treat various oxidative stress-related diseases.展开更多
A new aryl glycoside, 3″-O-galloyl-benzyl-O-α-L-rharnnopyranosyl-（1 → 6）-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L., and its structure was elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic da...A new aryl glycoside, 3″-O-galloyl-benzyl-O-α-L-rharnnopyranosyl-（1 → 6）-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L., and its structure was elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic data analysis.展开更多
Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study t...Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural changes caused by E.hirta extract on C. albicans cells al various exposure time.Results:It was found that the main abnormalities were the alterations in morphology,lysis and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract.Whereas the control cultures showed a typical morphology of Candida with a uniform central density,typically structured nucleus,and a cytoplasm with several elements of endomembrane system and enveloped by a regular,intact cell wall.Conclusions:The significant antifungal activity shown by this methanol extract of E.hirta L.suggests its potential against infections caused by C.albicans.The extract may be developed as an anticandidal agent.展开更多
A new lathyrane diterpene glycoside,named 3β,7β,15β-trihydroxy-14-oxolathyra-5E,12E-dienyl-16-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L.Its structure was established by spectroscopic techniq...A new lathyrane diterpene glycoside,named 3β,7β,15β-trihydroxy-14-oxolathyra-5E,12E-dienyl-16-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L.Its structure was established by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.展开更多
[ Objective] The purpose was to study the occurrence law and control effect of brown patch of E. lathyris. [ Method ] The pathogen of brown patch in E. lathyris was isolated and identified in Xingyi of Guizhou Provinc...[ Objective] The purpose was to study the occurrence law and control effect of brown patch of E. lathyris. [ Method ] The pathogen of brown patch in E. lathyris was isolated and identified in Xingyi of Guizhou Province in 2008 -2009, and disease symptom observation and field fungicide efficacy test were conducted. [ Result ] The pathogen of brown patch in E. lathyris was fungus in Pseudoc ercospora sp., its suitable growth temperature was 20 -35 ℃, its occurrence peak was from June to September, and its field incidence were 30% -60%. Field efficacy test showed that 5 kinds of fungicides such as Thiophanate-methyl, Mancozeb, etc. had certain control effect on the disease, the relative control effect was 54. 3% -82.5%, in which mancozeb had better control effect, while Thiediazole copper had worse control effect. [Conclusion] The study would provide theoretical reference for further research on the cultivation of E. lathyris with hiah vield and aualitv and control of brown hatch.展开更多
There were various problems in the determination of oil acid value of the national standard method, and this paper developed a low cost, simple and effective way to determine the acid value of oil and grease. Furtherm...There were various problems in the determination of oil acid value of the national standard method, and this paper developed a low cost, simple and effective way to determine the acid value of oil and grease. Furthermore, the esterification of high acid Euphorbia lathyris L. oil (ELO) with methanol could be efficiently catalyzed by hydrochloric acid to produce biodiesel, and the influencing factors such as the amount of catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature and molar ratio of oil to methanol were also studied. Under the optimized conditions with the oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:30 and a reaction temperature of 70℃, 95.8% oil conversion was obtained within 40 min in the presence of only 2.0 wt% of catalyst. Therefore, the low-cost non-edible Euphorbia lathyris L. oil as a raw material had good potential for the synthesis of biodiesel in industry.展开更多
In vitro organogenesis of an upland species of Colocasia esculenta cv. antiquorum L. was examined in relation to different explants like meristem and parenchymatous storage tissues with or without anthocyanin layer, f...In vitro organogenesis of an upland species of Colocasia esculenta cv. antiquorum L. was examined in relation to different explants like meristem and parenchymatous storage tissues with or without anthocyanin layer, four levels of each of Kn, 2,4-D, NAA and BAP and four incubation environments such as: 1) 16 h 3 Kl light intensity + 24°C ± 2°C;2) 24 h dark + 24°C ± 2°C;3) 24 h dark + 30°C ± 3°C and 4) 12 h diffuse light + 30°C ± 3°C. Only meristems showed proliferation with various degree of intensity both at 16 h 3 Kl light + 24°C ± 2°C and 24 h dark + 24°C ± 2°C conditions and poor response with different levels of Kn + NAA either in light or in the dark. Cultures with NAA + BAP were proliferated very quickly with very high degree of intensity. The cultures under dark did not proliferate for 20 days which upon transfer to light showed high degree of proliferation. Cultures with NAA + BAP formed calluses more pronouncedly at dark than that occurred in the light. Parenchymatous tissues with or without anthocyanin did not proliferate but the tissues with anthocyanin lost pigmentation after 25 - 30 days and turned to grey colour after 50 days while tissues without anthocyanin turned to green colour with shinny pimples indicating that protocorm may be developed. No culture under high temperature environment (30°C ± 3°C) neither survived nor proliferated. The meristems in culture were died within 15 - 20 days while others within 25-30 days. In conclusion, a combination of NAA (0.5 - 3.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.5 - 2.0 mg/l) and an incubation photoperiod of 16 h coupled with temperature of 24°C ± 2°C were found most suitable for in vitro culture of Colocasia esculenta cv. antiquorum L.展开更多
Objective: To examine the potential antimicrobial activity of Euphorbia paralias L. (Euphorbiaeae) leaves and stems extracts. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was tested against six microbial strains:Escherichia co...Objective: To examine the potential antimicrobial activity of Euphorbia paralias L. (Euphorbiaeae) leaves and stems extracts. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was tested against six microbial strains:Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Salmonella enterica CIP 8039, Staphy-lococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 by two different methods, the disk method and the dilution method. Results: Our results showed the important antimicrobial activity of the chloroform extract of the stems towards the majority of the strains by using both methods. Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive strain (MIC=MBC=15μg/mL). Conclusion: Thus, some extracts of Euphorbia paralias can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by microbes.展开更多
[Objectives]To make pharmacognostic identification of Euphorbia maculata L.and its related species.[Methods]The classical pharmacognostic identification method was adopted.[Results]The four main medicinal materials ar...[Objectives]To make pharmacognostic identification of Euphorbia maculata L.and its related species.[Methods]The classical pharmacognostic identification method was adopted.[Results]The four main medicinal materials are very similar,the fluff can be seen in E.maculata and Euphorbia thymifolia L.,but not in Euphorbia prostrata Ait.and Euphorbia taihsiensis(Chaw et Koutnik)Oudejians;the tissue structure is basically the same;except for E.taihsiensis without non-glandular hairs,the powder has secretory cells,laticifers,cells,calcium oxalate crystals,fibers,vessels,and seed coat fragments.Through ultrasonic extraction with 80%ethanol,extraction with isobutanol,extending with chloroform∶ethyl acetate∶formic acid(5∶3∶0.3),developing color with 3%aluminum trichloride ethanol solution,under ultraviolet light(365 nm),the fluorescent spots of the same color appeared on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance(quercetin,kaempferol).[Conclusions]It is not easy to distinguish the four medicinal materials by character identification and microscopic identification,while the thin-layer chromatography(TLC)is more reliable.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of extracts from Euphorbia hirta L. and Terminalia avicennioides GUILL & PERR. Methodology: The crude hydro-acetonic and aqueous...Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of extracts from Euphorbia hirta L. and Terminalia avicennioides GUILL & PERR. Methodology: The crude hydro-acetonic and aqueous extracts as well their fractionations were prepared. The total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins contents were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and vanillin acid methods, respectively. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were investigated using standard methods. Results: Euphorbia hirta showed significant contents of total phenolic and flavonoids in n-Butanol (145.14 ± 1.37 GAE/100mg extracts) and ethyl acetate (23.56 ± 0.68 mg QE/ 100mg extracts) fractions. Total tannins were high in hydro-acétonique extract (11.18 ± 0.31 mg TAE/100mg extracts) and aqueous fraction (11.12 ± 0.28 mg TAE/100mg extracts) of Terminalia avicennioides stem barks. Extracts and fractions of both plants demonstrated a strongly antioxidant capacity through the free radicals scavenging and the ferric ions reducing. Concerning antimicrobial screening the extracts of Terminalia avicennioides were effective against 16 causative pathogens of urinary tract infections. Bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus and 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains was found with aqueous fraction of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. This fraction also highlighted a synergetic effect with some antibiotics used against these bacterial strains. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides leaves could be recommended as an herbal drug formulation for the urinary infections management.展开更多
基金Islamic Development Bank for the financial support with a master degree scholarship
文摘Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E.hirta were tested for total phenolic content,and flavonoids content and in vitro antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） assay and reducing power was measured using cyanoferrate method.Results:The leaves extract exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of（72.96±0.78）%followed by the flowers,roots and stems whose scavenging activities were（52.45±0.66）%,（48.59±0.97）%,and（44.42±0.94）%,respectively.The standard butylated hydroxytoluene（BHT） was（75.13±0.75）%.The IC<sub>50</sub>,for leaves,flowers,roots,stems and BHT were 0.803,0.972,0.989,1.358 and 0.794 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the leaves extract was comparable with that of ascorbic acid and found to be dose dependent. Leaves extract had the highest total phenolic content[（206.17±1.95） mg GAE/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（117.08±3.10） mg GAE/g,（83.15±1.19） mg GAE/g,and （65.70±1.72） mg GAE/g,respectively.On the other hand,total flavonoids content also from leave had the highest value[（37.970±0.003） mg CEQ/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（35.200±0.002） mg CEQ/g,（24.350±0.006） mg CEQ/g,and（24.120±0.004） mg CEQ/ g,respectively.HPTLC bioautography analysis of phenolic and antioxidant substance revealed phenolic compounds.Phytochemical screening of E.hirta leaf extract revealed the presence of reducing sugars,terpenoids,alkaloids,steroids,tannins,flavanoids and phenolic compounds. Conclusions:These results suggeste that E.hirta have strong antioxidant potential.Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidant agents,which can be used to treat various oxidative stress-related diseases.
文摘A new aryl glycoside, 3″-O-galloyl-benzyl-O-α-L-rharnnopyranosyl-（1 → 6）-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L., and its structure was elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic data analysis.
文摘Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural changes caused by E.hirta extract on C. albicans cells al various exposure time.Results:It was found that the main abnormalities were the alterations in morphology,lysis and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract.Whereas the control cultures showed a typical morphology of Candida with a uniform central density,typically structured nucleus,and a cytoplasm with several elements of endomembrane system and enveloped by a regular,intact cell wall.Conclusions:The significant antifungal activity shown by this methanol extract of E.hirta L.suggests its potential against infections caused by C.albicans.The extract may be developed as an anticandidal agent.
文摘A new lathyrane diterpene glycoside,named 3β,7β,15β-trihydroxy-14-oxolathyra-5E,12E-dienyl-16-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L.Its structure was established by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.
基金Supported by Agricultural Scientific and Technological Project in Guizhou Province"Selection and Demonstration of New Variety of Energy Plant Euphorbia lathyris L.with High Oil"(QKH NY[2008]No.3060)~~
文摘[ Objective] The purpose was to study the occurrence law and control effect of brown patch of E. lathyris. [ Method ] The pathogen of brown patch in E. lathyris was isolated and identified in Xingyi of Guizhou Province in 2008 -2009, and disease symptom observation and field fungicide efficacy test were conducted. [ Result ] The pathogen of brown patch in E. lathyris was fungus in Pseudoc ercospora sp., its suitable growth temperature was 20 -35 ℃, its occurrence peak was from June to September, and its field incidence were 30% -60%. Field efficacy test showed that 5 kinds of fungicides such as Thiophanate-methyl, Mancozeb, etc. had certain control effect on the disease, the relative control effect was 54. 3% -82.5%, in which mancozeb had better control effect, while Thiediazole copper had worse control effect. [Conclusion] The study would provide theoretical reference for further research on the cultivation of E. lathyris with hiah vield and aualitv and control of brown hatch.
文摘There were various problems in the determination of oil acid value of the national standard method, and this paper developed a low cost, simple and effective way to determine the acid value of oil and grease. Furthermore, the esterification of high acid Euphorbia lathyris L. oil (ELO) with methanol could be efficiently catalyzed by hydrochloric acid to produce biodiesel, and the influencing factors such as the amount of catalyst, reaction time, reaction temperature and molar ratio of oil to methanol were also studied. Under the optimized conditions with the oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:30 and a reaction temperature of 70℃, 95.8% oil conversion was obtained within 40 min in the presence of only 2.0 wt% of catalyst. Therefore, the low-cost non-edible Euphorbia lathyris L. oil as a raw material had good potential for the synthesis of biodiesel in industry.
文摘In vitro organogenesis of an upland species of Colocasia esculenta cv. antiquorum L. was examined in relation to different explants like meristem and parenchymatous storage tissues with or without anthocyanin layer, four levels of each of Kn, 2,4-D, NAA and BAP and four incubation environments such as: 1) 16 h 3 Kl light intensity + 24°C ± 2°C;2) 24 h dark + 24°C ± 2°C;3) 24 h dark + 30°C ± 3°C and 4) 12 h diffuse light + 30°C ± 3°C. Only meristems showed proliferation with various degree of intensity both at 16 h 3 Kl light + 24°C ± 2°C and 24 h dark + 24°C ± 2°C conditions and poor response with different levels of Kn + NAA either in light or in the dark. Cultures with NAA + BAP were proliferated very quickly with very high degree of intensity. The cultures under dark did not proliferate for 20 days which upon transfer to light showed high degree of proliferation. Cultures with NAA + BAP formed calluses more pronouncedly at dark than that occurred in the light. Parenchymatous tissues with or without anthocyanin did not proliferate but the tissues with anthocyanin lost pigmentation after 25 - 30 days and turned to grey colour after 50 days while tissues without anthocyanin turned to green colour with shinny pimples indicating that protocorm may be developed. No culture under high temperature environment (30°C ± 3°C) neither survived nor proliferated. The meristems in culture were died within 15 - 20 days while others within 25-30 days. In conclusion, a combination of NAA (0.5 - 3.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.5 - 2.0 mg/l) and an incubation photoperiod of 16 h coupled with temperature of 24°C ± 2°C were found most suitable for in vitro culture of Colocasia esculenta cv. antiquorum L.
基金Supported by the Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research,MHSSR of Tunisia(Grant No.11/TM06)
文摘Objective: To examine the potential antimicrobial activity of Euphorbia paralias L. (Euphorbiaeae) leaves and stems extracts. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was tested against six microbial strains:Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Salmonella enterica CIP 8039, Staphy-lococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 by two different methods, the disk method and the dilution method. Results: Our results showed the important antimicrobial activity of the chloroform extract of the stems towards the majority of the strains by using both methods. Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive strain (MIC=MBC=15μg/mL). Conclusion: Thus, some extracts of Euphorbia paralias can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by microbes.
基金Supported by Program of Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Medicine[Gui Ke Ji Zi[2014]No.32]Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(H2014015).
文摘[Objectives]To make pharmacognostic identification of Euphorbia maculata L.and its related species.[Methods]The classical pharmacognostic identification method was adopted.[Results]The four main medicinal materials are very similar,the fluff can be seen in E.maculata and Euphorbia thymifolia L.,but not in Euphorbia prostrata Ait.and Euphorbia taihsiensis(Chaw et Koutnik)Oudejians;the tissue structure is basically the same;except for E.taihsiensis without non-glandular hairs,the powder has secretory cells,laticifers,cells,calcium oxalate crystals,fibers,vessels,and seed coat fragments.Through ultrasonic extraction with 80%ethanol,extraction with isobutanol,extending with chloroform∶ethyl acetate∶formic acid(5∶3∶0.3),developing color with 3%aluminum trichloride ethanol solution,under ultraviolet light(365 nm),the fluorescent spots of the same color appeared on the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the reference substance(quercetin,kaempferol).[Conclusions]It is not easy to distinguish the four medicinal materials by character identification and microscopic identification,while the thin-layer chromatography(TLC)is more reliable.
文摘Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of extracts from Euphorbia hirta L. and Terminalia avicennioides GUILL & PERR. Methodology: The crude hydro-acetonic and aqueous extracts as well their fractionations were prepared. The total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins contents were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and vanillin acid methods, respectively. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were investigated using standard methods. Results: Euphorbia hirta showed significant contents of total phenolic and flavonoids in n-Butanol (145.14 ± 1.37 GAE/100mg extracts) and ethyl acetate (23.56 ± 0.68 mg QE/ 100mg extracts) fractions. Total tannins were high in hydro-acétonique extract (11.18 ± 0.31 mg TAE/100mg extracts) and aqueous fraction (11.12 ± 0.28 mg TAE/100mg extracts) of Terminalia avicennioides stem barks. Extracts and fractions of both plants demonstrated a strongly antioxidant capacity through the free radicals scavenging and the ferric ions reducing. Concerning antimicrobial screening the extracts of Terminalia avicennioides were effective against 16 causative pathogens of urinary tract infections. Bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus and 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains was found with aqueous fraction of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. This fraction also highlighted a synergetic effect with some antibiotics used against these bacterial strains. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides leaves could be recommended as an herbal drug formulation for the urinary infections management.
