1.Introduction Influenza A viruses(IAV),an orthomyxovirus,is reportedly prevalent in a large number of avian species and mammals including humans,and poses immense public health challenge as a potential pandemic origi...1.Introduction Influenza A viruses(IAV),an orthomyxovirus,is reportedly prevalent in a large number of avian species and mammals including humans,and poses immense public health challenge as a potential pandemic originator[1].It has been reported that IAV and Eurasian avian-like(EA)lineage influenza viruses have been co-circulating in pigs for nearly two decades in the Asian continent[2].展开更多
Animal influenza viruses continue to pose a threat to human public health. The Eurasian avian-like H1N1(EA H1N1) viruses are widespread in pigs throughout Europe and China and have caused human infections in several c...Animal influenza viruses continue to pose a threat to human public health. The Eurasian avian-like H1N1(EA H1N1) viruses are widespread in pigs throughout Europe and China and have caused human infections in several countries, indicating their pandemic potential. To carefully monitor the evolution of the EA H1N1 viruses in nature, we collected nasal swabs from 103,110pigs in 22 provinces in China between October 2013 and December 2019, and isolated 855 EA H1N1 viruses. Genomic analysis of 319 representative viruses revealed that these EA H1N1 viruses formed eight different genotypes through reassortment with viruses of other lineages circulating in humans and pigs, and two of these genotypes(G4 and G5) were widely distributed in pigs.Animal studies indicated that some strains have become highly pathogenic in mice and highly transmissible in ferrets via respiratory droplets. Moreover, two-thirds of the EA H1N1 viruses reacted poorly with ferret serum antibodies induced by the currently used H1N1 human influenza vaccine, suggesting that existing immunity may not prevent the transmission of the EA H1N1 viruses in humans. Our study reveals the evolution and pandemic potential of EA H1N1 viruses and provides important insights for future pandemic preparedness.展开更多
Eurasian avian-like H1 N1(EA H1 N1)swine influenza virus(SIV)outside European countries was first detected in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Hong Kong,SAR)of China in 2001.Afterwards,EA H1 N1 SIVs have become...Eurasian avian-like H1 N1(EA H1 N1)swine influenza virus(SIV)outside European countries was first detected in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Hong Kong,SAR)of China in 2001.Afterwards,EA H1 N1 SIVs have become predominant in pig population in this country.However,the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of EA H1 N1 SIVs in China are still unknown.Here,we collected the EA H1 N1 SIVs sequences from China between 2001 and 2018 and analyzed the epidemic and phylogenic features,and key molecular markers of these EA H1 N1 SIVs.Our results showed that EA H1 N1 SIVs distributed in nineteen provinces/municipalities of China.After a long-time evolution and transmission,EA H1 N1 SIVs were continuously reassorted with other co-circulated influenza viruses,including 2009 pandemic H1 N1(A(H1 N1)pdm09),and triple reassortment H1 N2(TR H1 N2)influenza viruses,generated 11 genotypes.Genotype 3 and 5,both of which were the reassortments among EA H1 N1,A(H1 N1)pdm09 and TR H1 N2 viruses with different origins of M genes,have become predominant in pig population.Furthermore,key molecular signatures were identified in EA H1 N1 SIVs.Our study has drawn a genotypic diversity image of EA H1 N1 viruses,and could help to evaluate the potential risk of EA H1 N1 for pandemic preparedness and response.展开更多
文摘1.Introduction Influenza A viruses(IAV),an orthomyxovirus,is reportedly prevalent in a large number of avian species and mammals including humans,and poses immense public health challenge as a potential pandemic originator[1].It has been reported that IAV and Eurasian avian-like(EA)lineage influenza viruses have been co-circulating in pigs for nearly two decades in the Asian continent[2].
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1800200,2021YFC2301700)。
文摘Animal influenza viruses continue to pose a threat to human public health. The Eurasian avian-like H1N1(EA H1N1) viruses are widespread in pigs throughout Europe and China and have caused human infections in several countries, indicating their pandemic potential. To carefully monitor the evolution of the EA H1N1 viruses in nature, we collected nasal swabs from 103,110pigs in 22 provinces in China between October 2013 and December 2019, and isolated 855 EA H1N1 viruses. Genomic analysis of 319 representative viruses revealed that these EA H1N1 viruses formed eight different genotypes through reassortment with viruses of other lineages circulating in humans and pigs, and two of these genotypes(G4 and G5) were widely distributed in pigs.Animal studies indicated that some strains have become highly pathogenic in mice and highly transmissible in ferrets via respiratory droplets. Moreover, two-thirds of the EA H1N1 viruses reacted poorly with ferret serum antibodies induced by the currently used H1N1 human influenza vaccine, suggesting that existing immunity may not prevent the transmission of the EA H1N1 viruses in humans. Our study reveals the evolution and pandemic potential of EA H1N1 viruses and provides important insights for future pandemic preparedness.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81961128002,81971941,and 31761133003)
文摘Eurasian avian-like H1 N1(EA H1 N1)swine influenza virus(SIV)outside European countries was first detected in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Hong Kong,SAR)of China in 2001.Afterwards,EA H1 N1 SIVs have become predominant in pig population in this country.However,the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of EA H1 N1 SIVs in China are still unknown.Here,we collected the EA H1 N1 SIVs sequences from China between 2001 and 2018 and analyzed the epidemic and phylogenic features,and key molecular markers of these EA H1 N1 SIVs.Our results showed that EA H1 N1 SIVs distributed in nineteen provinces/municipalities of China.After a long-time evolution and transmission,EA H1 N1 SIVs were continuously reassorted with other co-circulated influenza viruses,including 2009 pandemic H1 N1(A(H1 N1)pdm09),and triple reassortment H1 N2(TR H1 N2)influenza viruses,generated 11 genotypes.Genotype 3 and 5,both of which were the reassortments among EA H1 N1,A(H1 N1)pdm09 and TR H1 N2 viruses with different origins of M genes,have become predominant in pig population.Furthermore,key molecular signatures were identified in EA H1 N1 SIVs.Our study has drawn a genotypic diversity image of EA H1 N1 viruses,and could help to evaluate the potential risk of EA H1 N1 for pandemic preparedness and response.
