The article presents the phenomenon of the Chinese companies＇ expansion in Europe as a result of the implementation of the government＇s strategy ＂Go Global＂, including the nature of this expansion, the scale, prem...The article presents the phenomenon of the Chinese companies＇ expansion in Europe as a result of the implementation of the government＇s strategy ＂Go Global＂, including the nature of this expansion, the scale, premises, as well as the possible consequences. The first part of the article is devoted to the analysis of assumptions and instruments of＂Go Global＂ strategy used to strengthen the government＇s initiatives aimed at encouraging the national entrepreneurs to open up and conduct business internationally. Further in the article the dominant forms and directions of Chinese companies＇ expansion on the European market have been presented, followed by the analysis of the impact of Chinese economy on its major foreign investment partners during the current economic slowdown. The basis of the analysis made by the author was data obtained from the statistical bases （Eurostat） and reports of the Research Institutes for China Studies （Rhodium Group, Thomson Reuters）. This is allowed to illustrate the development of Chinese expansion on the European market during the years 1999-2015. A significant increase in the activity of the Chinese capital in Europe could be seen in recent years. The development of relations between European countries and China is taking place not only in economic, but also in political and cultural dimension. This was reflected, among others, in activating of the trade activities between EU and China, the level of which increased greatly in years 1990-1999 from EUR 15,9 bn to EUR 72,2 bn, to reach a value of EUR 428,3 bn in 2011, making EU the most important trading partner of China. It should be emphasized that the European market has become the largest after Asian market, in terms of industry diversification of Chinese investment, where Chinese companies are investing in industries such as： raw materials, infrastructure automotive, chemicals and renewable energy.展开更多
This article examines the entry of Chinese EV brands into the European market,emphasizing the significance of Europe's strong environmental policies and consumer demand for sustainable transport.It discusses the s...This article examines the entry of Chinese EV brands into the European market,emphasizing the significance of Europe's strong environmental policies and consumer demand for sustainable transport.It discusses the strategic approaches of companies like Geely,Lynk&Co,MG,and Polestar,highlighting their tailored market strategies,challenges,and opportunities amidst stringent regulations and diverse consumer behaviors.The focus is on how these brands adapt and position themselves within the competitive landscape,aiming to capitalize on Europe's shift towards electric mobility.展开更多
Black-Scholes Model (B-SM) simulates the dynamics of financial market and contains instruments such as options and puts which are major indices requiring solution. B-SM is known to estimate the correct prices of Europ...Black-Scholes Model (B-SM) simulates the dynamics of financial market and contains instruments such as options and puts which are major indices requiring solution. B-SM is known to estimate the correct prices of European Stock options and establish the theoretical foundation for Option pricing. Therefore, this paper evaluates the Black-Schole model in simulating the European call in a cash flow in the dependent drift and focuses on obtaining analytic and then approximate solution for the model. The work also examines Fokker Planck Equation (FPE) and extracts the link between FPE and B-SM for non equilibrium systems. The B-SM is then solved via the Elzaki transform method (ETM). The computational procedures were obtained using MAPLE 18 with the solution provided in the form of convergent series.展开更多
Aim of this paper is to characterize different risk measures in portfolio construction on seven Central and South-East European stock markets;Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Chez Republic, Bulgaria and Romania. Se...Aim of this paper is to characterize different risk measures in portfolio construction on seven Central and South-East European stock markets;Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Chez Republic, Bulgaria and Romania. Selected countries are members of EU, except Croatia and Turkey which have candidate status. Empirical part of this paper consists of three stages;at first descriptive statistic on stock returns was performed, afterwards different risk measures were employed in portfolio construction and in the last part, portfolios were tested in the out-of-sample period. Results indicate presence of extreme kurtosis and skewness in stock return series. Resulting portfolios incorporate stocks with extremely high kurtosis and stocks with negative skewness. Portfolio construction based only on risk and return results in major exposure to extreme returns and unsatisfactory portfolio out of sample results.展开更多
China hopes the European Union will recognize China＇s full market economy status （MES） as soon as possible, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said.
In this paper, we present a new approach for solving boundary value problem in partial differential equation arising in financial market by means of the Laplace transform. The result shows that the Laplace transform f...In this paper, we present a new approach for solving boundary value problem in partial differential equation arising in financial market by means of the Laplace transform. The result shows that the Laplace transform for the price of the European call option which pays dividend yield reduces to the Black-Scholes-Merton model.展开更多
文摘The article presents the phenomenon of the Chinese companies＇ expansion in Europe as a result of the implementation of the government＇s strategy ＂Go Global＂, including the nature of this expansion, the scale, premises, as well as the possible consequences. The first part of the article is devoted to the analysis of assumptions and instruments of＂Go Global＂ strategy used to strengthen the government＇s initiatives aimed at encouraging the national entrepreneurs to open up and conduct business internationally. Further in the article the dominant forms and directions of Chinese companies＇ expansion on the European market have been presented, followed by the analysis of the impact of Chinese economy on its major foreign investment partners during the current economic slowdown. The basis of the analysis made by the author was data obtained from the statistical bases （Eurostat） and reports of the Research Institutes for China Studies （Rhodium Group, Thomson Reuters）. This is allowed to illustrate the development of Chinese expansion on the European market during the years 1999-2015. A significant increase in the activity of the Chinese capital in Europe could be seen in recent years. The development of relations between European countries and China is taking place not only in economic, but also in political and cultural dimension. This was reflected, among others, in activating of the trade activities between EU and China, the level of which increased greatly in years 1990-1999 from EUR 15,9 bn to EUR 72,2 bn, to reach a value of EUR 428,3 bn in 2011, making EU the most important trading partner of China. It should be emphasized that the European market has become the largest after Asian market, in terms of industry diversification of Chinese investment, where Chinese companies are investing in industries such as： raw materials, infrastructure automotive, chemicals and renewable energy.
文摘This article examines the entry of Chinese EV brands into the European market,emphasizing the significance of Europe's strong environmental policies and consumer demand for sustainable transport.It discusses the strategic approaches of companies like Geely,Lynk&Co,MG,and Polestar,highlighting their tailored market strategies,challenges,and opportunities amidst stringent regulations and diverse consumer behaviors.The focus is on how these brands adapt and position themselves within the competitive landscape,aiming to capitalize on Europe's shift towards electric mobility.
文摘Black-Scholes Model (B-SM) simulates the dynamics of financial market and contains instruments such as options and puts which are major indices requiring solution. B-SM is known to estimate the correct prices of European Stock options and establish the theoretical foundation for Option pricing. Therefore, this paper evaluates the Black-Schole model in simulating the European call in a cash flow in the dependent drift and focuses on obtaining analytic and then approximate solution for the model. The work also examines Fokker Planck Equation (FPE) and extracts the link between FPE and B-SM for non equilibrium systems. The B-SM is then solved via the Elzaki transform method (ETM). The computational procedures were obtained using MAPLE 18 with the solution provided in the form of convergent series.
文摘Aim of this paper is to characterize different risk measures in portfolio construction on seven Central and South-East European stock markets;Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Chez Republic, Bulgaria and Romania. Selected countries are members of EU, except Croatia and Turkey which have candidate status. Empirical part of this paper consists of three stages;at first descriptive statistic on stock returns was performed, afterwards different risk measures were employed in portfolio construction and in the last part, portfolios were tested in the out-of-sample period. Results indicate presence of extreme kurtosis and skewness in stock return series. Resulting portfolios incorporate stocks with extremely high kurtosis and stocks with negative skewness. Portfolio construction based only on risk and return results in major exposure to extreme returns and unsatisfactory portfolio out of sample results.
文摘China hopes the European Union will recognize China＇s full market economy status （MES） as soon as possible, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said.
文摘In this paper, we present a new approach for solving boundary value problem in partial differential equation arising in financial market by means of the Laplace transform. The result shows that the Laplace transform for the price of the European call option which pays dividend yield reduces to the Black-Scholes-Merton model.
