Spatio-temporal Evaluation of Multi-scale Cultivated Land System Resilience in Black Soil Region from 2000 to 2019:A Case Study of Liaoning Province,Northeast China

It is of great significance to systematically analyze the cultivated land system resilience(CLSR) for the black soil protection and national food security.The CLSR is impacted by planting structure adjustment and cultivated land quality decline,posing major hidden dangers to food security.It is urgent to evaluate the CLSR at multiple spatio-temporal scales.This study took Liaoning Province in the black soil region of Northeast China as an example.Based on the resilience theory,this study constructed the CLSR evaluation system from the input-feedback perspective at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,and used the rank-sum ratio comprehensive evaluation method(RSR) to analyze the key influencing factors of CLSR in Liaoning Province and its 14 cities from 2000 to 2019.The results showed that:1) the time series changes of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale in Liaoning Province were similar,both showing an increasing trend.2) The CLSR in Liaoning Province presented a spatial pattern of ‘high in the west and low in the east’ at the city-scale.3) There were seven and six main influencing factors of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,respectively.In addition to the net income per capita of rural households,other influencing factors of CLSR were different at the provincial-scale and the city-scale.The feedback factors were dominant at the provincial-scale,and the input factors and feedback factors were dominant at the city-scale.The results could provide a reference for the utilization of black soil and draw on the experience of regional agricultural planning and adjustment.

Evaluation and Driving Force Analysis of Cultivated Land Quality in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this study,320 counties in the black soil region of Northeast China(BSRNC)represent the research units used to construct the CQE system measuring the soil properties(SP),cultivated land productivity(CLP),ecological environment(EE)and social economy(SE).The total of 19 factors were selected to calculate the integrated fertility index(IFI)and divided into grades.Simultaneously,we used the coupling coordination degree model to comprehensively analyze the spatial pattern of the cultivated land quality(CLQ)in the BSRNC,and use the structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the driving mechanism.The results show the following:1)The CLQ of 262 counties in the BSRNC is in a state of coupling and coordination,and the coupling and coordination degree presents a spatial distribution pattern of‘high in the southwest and northeast,low in the northwest and southeast’.The coordinated development degree of 271 counties is between 0.4 and 0.6,which is in a transitional state between coordination and disorder.2)The CLQ in the BSRNC is generally good,with an average grade of 3.High-quality cultivated land accounts for 58.45%of all counties,middle-and upper-quality cultivated land accounts for 27.05%,and poor-quality cultivated land accounts for 14.49%.3)The SEM analysis shows that the SP,CLP,EE,and SE all influence the CLQ.Among them,the SP has the largest driving force on the CLQ,while the SE has the smallest driving force on it.The results confirm that the main factors affecting the evaluation results are crop productivity level,normalized difference vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,difference vegetation index,and organic carbon content.When implementing protection measures in counties with a low CLQ,considering a balanced coordination of multiple systems and reasonably controlling the quality degradation are important.This study provides the current situation and driving factors of the CLQ in the BSRNC and will play an important role in black soil governance and utilization.

Performance evaluation of ecological compensation policy for cultivated land in China

The paper evaluates the changes in the ecological environment of cultivated land in the major crop-producing areas major crop-producing areas in the past 20 years by constructing an ecological pollution index;and quantitatively analyzes the effects of the existing policies and their main influencing factors by applying the PSM-DID method based on the frequency of policy enactment.The results are as follows:first,the existing ecological compensation policies for cultivated land are effective but not significant in improving the ecological environment in the major crop-producing areas.The economic development level and grain cultivation area of the major crop-producing areas are significantly and positively correlated with the improvement of the arable land ecological environment,while the level of agricultural infrastructure construction is significantly and negatively correlated with the improvement of the arable land ecological environment.Second,the reason for the ineffectiveness of the current arable ecological land compensation policy in protecting the arable land ecological environment in the main grain-producing regions is that the existing arable ecological land compensation policy in China has its own institutional defects and needs to be further improved.At the same time,the level of environmental pollution of cultivated land in the main grain-producing regions is positively correlated with the level of income from cultivated land and cultivated area.

Inconsistent increasing of climate potential productivity resulting from global warming and land use transitions in the Dongting Lake Basin,from 2000 to 2020

In the face of global warming and increasing impervious surfaces,quantifying the change of climate potential productivity(CPP)is of great significance for the food production planning.Targeting the Dongting Lake Basin,which is a key area for food production in China,this paper uses meteorological data,as well as Climate Change Initiative Land Cover,and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model to investigate the CPP and its changes from 2000 to 2020.The suitability of land for cultivation(SLC),and the land use/land cover change(LUCC)are also considered.The results showed that the CPP varied from 9,825 to 20,895 kg ha^(-1).Even though the newly added impervious surfaces indirectly resulted in the decrease of CPP by of 9.81×10~8 kg,overall,the CPP increased at an average rate of 83.7 kg ha^(-1)a^(-1).Global warming is the strongest driver behind CPP increase,and CPP has played an important role in the conversions between cultivated land and other land types.The structure of land types tends to be optimized against this challenge.

Multi-Suitability Evaluation of Cultivated Land in Houhu Farm Area Based on GIS and Niche-Fitness

The niche-fitness and limited factors of rice, wheat, cotton and rape inHouhu Farm area of Jianghan Plain are analyzed by weighted average model and limited factor model.The niche-fitness theory and GIS are applied to the research on multi-suitability evaluation. Thehigh values of the niche-fitness (the maximum is 0.958) indicate that the environmental conditionsbasically meet the requirements of crops in the area. Suitability evaluation of single crop showsthat the degrees of suitability are satisfactory. Comprehensive suitability evaluation shows thatthe acreage for grade 1 (highly suitable for cultivation) accounts for 18.16% of the totalcultivated land area, whereas the acreage for grade 3 (critically suitable) and grade 4 (unsuitable)only for 8.9%. The main factors limiting the potential land productivity are cation exchangecapacity (CEC), available phosphorus content and accessibility level of road.

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESENT PRODUCTIVITY FOR CULTIVATED LAND IN THE FARNMING-PASTORAL ZONE OF INNER MONGOLIA

In this article, the distribution of cultivated land, the changes ofcultivated land productivity, and regional differentiation of the Change forpresent productivity in the Farming-Pastoral Zone, Inner Mongolia arediscussed. Then, the close relationship between dynamic characterlsticsdivision and atmospheric circulation systems is revealed. Finally, based ondynamic characteristics, four regions are divided, including thenortheastem area, the eastern area, the western area, and the middle area.

Evaluation of Potential Land Productivity in Wulushan, West China

The general situation of the total land resources in Wulushan, West China was studied by field investigations with the aid of a GIS software, called Region Manager. The current status of land use in Wulushan is described. The potential land productivity was evaluated by a fuzzy comprehensive method, We take each plot as a basic unit of evaluation on the basis of an index system of land resources in Wulushan which was developed from the investigation data. Evaluation of potential land productivity is the key part of land management. A guideline is presented in this paper for a proper utilization of the land resources and to develop the productive capacity of the land.

Progress in Researches on Evaluation of Quality of Cultivated Land Consolidated from Coal Mining Subsided Land

The evaluation of consolidated cultivated land quality can provide basic information for how to perfect the program of land consolidation,as well as a reference for the dynamic monitoring of farmland quality in mining area. Based on the consultation and analysis of related literature,we can conclude that: firstly,most scholars focus on soil consolidation,while consider little about land use and economic condition. Secondly,foreign scholars usually use crop yields to judge the success of land consolidation,while domestic scholars have been evaluated the quality of consolidated cultivated land synthetically from several aspects,such as soil fertility,soil environmental quality,and farmland infrastructure conditions. Specifically,most of the evaluations are static,and indicators are different. Besides,the quality of consolidated cultivated land is generally low,and it lacks systematic research on technologies for improving quality of cultivated land consolidated from coal mining subsided land. It is concluded that future researches should focus on establishing scientific and feasible evaluation system to realize comparison of quality change in the dynamic course of " undisturbed-subsided-consolidated" cultivated land in coal mining areas,as well as technologies for improving quality of cultivated land consolidated from coal mining subsided land.

Evaluation on the Influencing Factors of Agricultural Land Productivity in Huang-Huai Plain,China

Taking Huang-Huai Plain as an example,evaluation index system is established from four aspects,including the resources condition,the social and economic condition,the agricultural science and technology condition,and the disaster resistant and sustainable production condition.Correlation coefficient method and expert consultation method are used to determine the weight of evaluation index.After the standardization of extreme value,weighted sum method and multiple regression method are adopted to evaluate the influencing factors of agricultural land productivity in Huang-Huai Plain,China.Evaluation result shows that agricultural science and technology condition has a lower contribution rate to the productivity of Huang-Huai Plain than that to Henan Province.Resources condition has a higher contribution rate to the productivity of Huang-Huai Plain than that to Henan Province.Both the social and economic condition and the disaster control and sustainable production condition show relatively small contribution rate to the productivity of Huang-Huai Plain.It can be concluded that the main factors affecting the productivity of Huang-Huai Plain are the backward agricultural science and technology level,the poor farmland quality and the farmland infrastructure.Based on this,relevant suggestions are put forward to improve the farmland productivity of Huang-Huai Plain.

Evaluation of Cultivated Land Fertility Based on GIS at County Level

To establish a combined method of qualitative and quantitative for evaluating cultivated land fertility,visually and accurately reflect cultivated land fertility,and provide the basis for scientific management and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources,we analyzed the cultivated land fertility in Yongning County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Based on GIS,we adopted Delphi approach,cluster analysis,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and fuzzy evaluation.Results show that the fertility of cultivated land could be divided into 6 grades and the area of the first, second,third,fourth,fifth and sixth grades was 70 585.91 hm2,219 047.67 hm2,230 101.46 hm2,132 079.65 hm2,39 328.14 hm2 and 35 502.53 hm2 respectively,accounting for 9.71%,30.15%,31.67%,18.18%,5.41%and 4.89%separately.In line with major existing problems in utilization of cultivated land,we proposed some suggestions for rationally utilizing and improving cultivated land resources.

Estimation of Land Production and Its Response to Cultivated Land Conversion in North China Plain

Food safety and its related influencing factors in China are the hot research topics currently,and cultivated land conversion is one of the significant factors influencing food safety in China.Taking the North China Plain as the study area,this paper examines the changes of cultivated land area using satellite images,estimates land productivity from 1985 to 2005 using the model of Estimation System for Land Productivity(ESLP),and analyzes the impact of cultivated land conversion on the land production.Compared with the grain yield data from statistical yearbooks,the results indicate that ESLP model is an effective tool for estimating land productivity.Land productivity in the North China Plain showed a slight decreasing trend from 1985 to 2005,spatially,increased from the north to the south gradu-ally,and the net changes varied in different areas.Cultivated land area recorded a marginal decrease of 8.0 × 105 ha,mainly converted to other land uses.Cultivated land conversion had more significant negative impacts on land produc-tion than land productivity did.Land production decreased by about 6.48 × 106 t caused by cultivated land conversion between 1985 and 2005,accounting for 91.9% of the total land production reduction.Although the land productivity increased in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces,it can not offset the overall adverse effects caused by cultivated land con-version.Therefore,there are significant meanings to control the cultivated land conversion and improve the land pro-ductivity for ensuring the land production in the North China Plain.

Early Warning of Cultivated Land Quality Based on Multiple Indicators

At present,the quality protection and early warning of cultivated land in China are actually based on the increase and decrease of the quantity of cultivated land and the change of its quality.The early warning of cultivated land quality based on this is easy to cause the problem of missing and wrong alarm.Based on the quality and productivity change of regional cultivated land,early warning on the regional cultivated land quality is conducted in this study respectively,and the results of the two early warning are compared.Moreover,a multi-indicator cultivated land quality early warning based on the quality change,productivity change and auxiliary indicators is proposed.The results show that:early warning of cultivated land quality based on quality and productivity change of cultivated land has certain limitations.Based on multi-indicator early warning,the number of counties with heavy,medium and light warnings in Henan Province is 52,8 and 11 respectively.The multi-indicator early warning result of cultivated land quality is more accurate,which can provide a basis for cultivated land protection and management assessment,and has great application value.

Research on Overall Planning and Implementation Evaluation of Land Use of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agriculture-seven Division

Based on methods for evaluating the overall planning and implementation of land use of domestic scholars, a comprehensive and highly-operable index system and evaluating method for land use planning multi-type implementation has been established through selecting multi-type evaluating indicators and applied to the last-round overall planning of land use in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agriculture-seven Division. The obtained comprehensive score was 86.40, indicating that land use overall planning has been excellently coordinated with land, society, economy as well as ecology and has exerted outstanding effect with the rank as "good". The evaluation results are in accordance with actual conditions, which displays that the established multi-type implementation evaluating system of land use overall planning is reasonable with scientific evaluating methods and can be the reference for evaluation of land use overall planning in other regiments and companies of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program(GGP), which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian(in Chongqing Municipality) and Ansai(in Shaanxi Province) were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.

Characteristics of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments of Tanzania and their agricultural applications:Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical survey

Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions,in particular,Se is significant for human health and considered as“the king of anti-cancer”.As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly,therefore,it is important to understand the contents and distributions of them in the soil of cultivated land for guiding agricultural production.In this work,low-density geochemical survey at the scale of 1∶1000000 was carried out in Tanzania,and the results show that the concentrations of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments are low and their distributions are heterogeneous.According to the distributions of geological units,the existing cultivated land resources can be divided into five regions in Tanzania.Compared with the national background values,the concentrations of B,Zn and Se are insufficient overall but enriched locally in these regions.In general,element concentrations in stream sediments and soil have a positive correlation because of their similar sources,which is essential in agriculture application.Based on the information provided by low-density geochemical data and maps,the Se-sufficient and Se-rich regions were delineated in Tanzania,where can be used to develop Se-rich industries.Finally,this paper believes that geochemical survey is a powerful tool for cultivated land evaluation,agriculture management and land development.

Research on Converting Cultivated Land into Forests and Regional Sustainable Development

The capability of sustainable development of Wuchuan County is evaluated comprehensively with theories and methods of regional sustainable development capability evaluation, which are extensively applied at home and abroad. The results indicate that the developing speed and patterns of Wuchuan County cannot satisfy the demand of the regional sustainable development. Moreover, the patterns, distributions, tree species, growing patterns, and other aspects must consider the restriction of ecological water utilization. It is put forward that the standards for selecting the converting lands are slope, desertification degree, and rainfall.In addition, the control of soil erosion and the prevention of land desertification are selected as the dualpurpose of the converting project.

Grain Production and Cultivated Land in China

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ERA5-Land降水产品在黄河流域干旱监测中的适用性研究

ERA5-Land再分析产品作为全球重要的地表要素数据,其在干旱监测中的误差评估对进一步提升干旱预警能力和降低灾害风险具有重要意义。利用1981—2020年国家气象信息中心逐日降水格网数据,结合标准化降水指数(Standardized Precipitation Index,SPI),定量评价欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)的第五代再分析陆地产品(Land component of the Fifth Generation of European Reanalysis,ERA5-Land)降水资料在黄河流域及其子流域干旱监测中的误差特征,探讨ERA5-Land降水产品在不同地区和不同时间尺度下对降水的高(低)估以及对干旱特征的描述能力。结果表明:ERA5-Land降水产品在黄河流域对降水量存在明显高估现象,上游地区降水量高估误差最大,中游次之,而下游相对较低。在不同时间尺度下,ERA5-Land降水产品对干湿状况的反映能力存在明显差异,并随时间尺度的增加,差异也增加。针对黄河流域干旱事件,ERA5-Land降水产品存在明显的干旱频次高估和干旱历时低估。上游地区主要以干旱烈度和严重度高估为主,中下游则存在明显的干旱烈度和严重度低估现象。虽然ERA5-Land降水产品能够有效捕获典型干旱事件的空间分布,但对不同等级干旱面积的描述并不准确。因此,使用ERA5-Land降水产品数据进行干旱监测时,需特别注意其高估或低估现象。

东北三省耕地利用格局变化对粮食全要素生产率的影响

耕地是粮食生产最基本的要素,当前粮食需求扩大与粮食生产区域性不足矛盾突出,寻求更合理的耕地利用格局来实现粮食全要素生产率的提升具有重要意义。本研究基于土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)遥感监测数据,应用GIS软件提取东北三省2000、2005、2010、2015年耕地利用格局相关数据,同时运用数据包络分析模型估算了2000、2005、2010年和2015年东北三省区域和市域粮食全要素生产率。在耕地利用格局变化分析和粮食全要素生产率测算的基础上,从耕地利用格局变化的角度选取指标构建面板数据模型,定量分析其对粮食全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:东北三省市域粮食全要素生产率4个时期均值分别为0.81、0.78、0.82和0.83,粮食全要素生产率空间分布从最初的相对均匀到局部集聚;耕地转出率和耕地斑块破碎度与粮食全要素生产率呈负相关关系,耕地面积比例、耕地转入率和耕地斑块聚合度与粮食全要素生产率呈正相关关系;东北三省粮食全要素生产率提高主要源于耕地面积增加、林地和未利用地向耕地的转入以及耕地在流域的聚合,粮食全要素生产率的降低主要源于耕地转入减少和建设用地对耕地的嵌入式占用。研究表明,严格规划耕地利用格局、持续开展土地整理、提高耕地聚合度,可在保证耕地有效数量的同时,提高耕地利用格局的集聚性和合理性,促进粮食全要素生产率的提升。

上海新村乡土壤养分时空变异研究与耕地质量评价

以崇明区新村乡为调查区域,基于高密度采样数据,对研究区土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾等土壤养分进行了时空变异特征和影响因素分析。结果表明:新村乡土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾的平均含量分别为19.1 g∕kg、100.6 mg∕kg、14.0 mg∕kg和136.6 mg∕kg。土壤有机质和有效磷含量偏低,土壤有机质含量大于30 g∕kg的土壤仅占2.8%,土壤有效磷含量在5—10 mg∕kg的缺磷土壤占23.3%,不同点位土壤养分的时空变化差异较大。为有效推进新村乡优质米绿色生产和土壤健康,建议推行绿肥轮作休耕、养分精准管理与根际土壤调控等技术,实现新村乡农业高质量发展。