Additive manufacturing(AM),a revolutionary production technique that will make many previously inconceivable innovations a reality,is transforming the manufacturing sector.The technologies behind AM have a generic cha...Additive manufacturing(AM),a revolutionary production technique that will make many previously inconceivable innovations a reality,is transforming the manufacturing sector.The technologies behind AM have a generic character and possess immense and transformative potential that will be felt across different sectors of the economy.This paper studies how entrepreneurs can access,exploit,and diffuse this new disruptive knowledge,as well as the potential challenges that lie ahead.Further,we examine the magnitude of the knowledge pool created by the Top 10 countries in AM research from 2011 to 2016;specifically,we determine the leading countries,the pattern of organizational and international collaborations,leading disciplines contributing to AM,and the pattern in authors'affiliations.We find that the US is clearly the dominant country,while China witnessed a notable acceleration in AM research between 2014 and 2016;we also show that universities are the predominant actor in codified AM knowledge creation.Using this information,we paint a vivid picture of the technological and market opportunities for entrepreneurs and identify the gaps in the current knowledge production environment;we find that the challenges currently faced by entrepreneurs could be overcome through academic entrepreneurship,collective entrepreneurship,and the actions of an entrepreneurial state.展开更多
The expansion of the green economy agenda has increased the attention on ecoinnovations globally,with issues related to water stress identified as one of the major bottlenecks for sustainable economic growth.Using evo...The expansion of the green economy agenda has increased the attention on ecoinnovations globally,with issues related to water stress identified as one of the major bottlenecks for sustainable economic growth.Using evolutionary economic theory,this study investigates the industrial dynamics of the water sector,comparing China and Europe using patent data.This comparison feeds into the“catching up”literature,addressing the challenges of the“green economy”agenda in different regions in various stages of development.We highlight the neglected micro-dynamics of water innovation,investigating the roles of different innovators in the development of water technological trajectories,with a special focus on water innovations closely related to climate change adaptation and mitigation technologies.Public water innovators(universities)were found to be more important in China than in Europe.Similarities were also identified between Europe and China;big companies were found to be the main innovative leaders with no substantial changes documented over the timeframe investigated.Overall,the finding implies a rapid Chinese technological catching up of water technologies in the last three decades,where our research has pointed towards the role of redirection of Chinese policies with a stronger focus on sustainable development.The analysis,overall,sheds light on the state and nature of the globalizing green growth agenda.展开更多
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM),a revolutionary production technique that will make many previously inconceivable innovations a reality,is transforming the manufacturing sector.The technologies behind AM have a generic character and possess immense and transformative potential that will be felt across different sectors of the economy.This paper studies how entrepreneurs can access,exploit,and diffuse this new disruptive knowledge,as well as the potential challenges that lie ahead.Further,we examine the magnitude of the knowledge pool created by the Top 10 countries in AM research from 2011 to 2016;specifically,we determine the leading countries,the pattern of organizational and international collaborations,leading disciplines contributing to AM,and the pattern in authors'affiliations.We find that the US is clearly the dominant country,while China witnessed a notable acceleration in AM research between 2014 and 2016;we also show that universities are the predominant actor in codified AM knowledge creation.Using this information,we paint a vivid picture of the technological and market opportunities for entrepreneurs and identify the gaps in the current knowledge production environment;we find that the challenges currently faced by entrepreneurs could be overcome through academic entrepreneurship,collective entrepreneurship,and the actions of an entrepreneurial state.
基金This work has been conducted in relation to the EU-funded project Policies,Innovations,and Networks for enhancing Opportunities for China-Europe water cooperation(PIANO)Co-funding of the project by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Programme under Grant agreement number 642433 is kindly acknowledged.
文摘The expansion of the green economy agenda has increased the attention on ecoinnovations globally,with issues related to water stress identified as one of the major bottlenecks for sustainable economic growth.Using evolutionary economic theory,this study investigates the industrial dynamics of the water sector,comparing China and Europe using patent data.This comparison feeds into the“catching up”literature,addressing the challenges of the“green economy”agenda in different regions in various stages of development.We highlight the neglected micro-dynamics of water innovation,investigating the roles of different innovators in the development of water technological trajectories,with a special focus on water innovations closely related to climate change adaptation and mitigation technologies.Public water innovators(universities)were found to be more important in China than in Europe.Similarities were also identified between Europe and China;big companies were found to be the main innovative leaders with no substantial changes documented over the timeframe investigated.Overall,the finding implies a rapid Chinese technological catching up of water technologies in the last three decades,where our research has pointed towards the role of redirection of Chinese policies with a stronger focus on sustainable development.The analysis,overall,sheds light on the state and nature of the globalizing green growth agenda.
