Product Model Evolvement and Configuration Knowledge Reuse Method

Configuration knowledge is a dynamic information set which is evolving and enriching on and on. Product model is the instantiation of configuration knowledge and the evolution of configuration knowledge is the essential inherent reason which causes the models dynamic evolvement. In the traditional model evolvement process, the inheriting and reuse of configuration knowledge was always ignored. Aim at solving the above problem, the multistage rhombus evolution mode of configuration knowledge is discussed in this paper. The product model based on configuration knowledge is put forward in different levels to achieve the models dynamic evolvement and automatic upgrading. The evolving configuration knowledge drives the product model to evolve directly according to the rule of up-layer evolvement. Furthermore, a new configuration knowledge reuse and optimization technology is presented to inheriting and reuse the foregone configuration knowledge in the course of model evolvement. At last, the air separation equipment which is related with the project is taken as an example to illuminate that the presented model evolvement and configuration knowledge reuse technology are validity and practical.

Adaptive evolvement of information age C^4ISR structure

Command, control, communication, computing, intel- ligence, surveillance and reconnaissance （C^4ISR） in information age is a complex system whose structure always changes ac- tively or passively during the warfare. Therefore, it is important to optimize the structure, especially in ambiguous and quick-tempo modern warfare. This paper proposes an adaptive evolvement mechanism for the C^4ISR structure to survive the changeable warfare. Firstly, the information age C^4ISR structure is defined and modeled based on the complex network theory. Secondly, taking the observe, orient, decide and act （OODA） model into consideration, four kinds of loops in the C^4ISR structure are pro- posed and their coefficient of networked effects （CNE） is further defined. Then, the adaptive evolvement mechanisms of the four kinds of loops are presented respectively. Finally, taking the joint air-defense C^4ISR as an example, simulation experiments are im- plemented, which validate the evolvement mechanism and show that the information age C41SR structure has some characteristics of small-world network and scale-free network.

Seafloor topography and landform characteristics of Zengmu Shoal waters and their evolvement

The topography data of the Zengmu Shoal and its adjacent area are acquired by the SeaBat-8111 multibeam system. The full survey covering over the Zengmu Shoal area gives us new knowledge about the area. It is a flat underwater platform consisting of coral reefs, its fathom line is like a trap in near SN direction and its shape is like an isosceles triangle with the acute angle pointing to the north. The east and west sides of the shoal are steep while its south side is more gentle. As viewed from geological evolution, the Zengmu Shoal is a typical biologic coral landform caused by tectonic uplift.

CONCEPTUAL MODELING BASED ON LOGICAL EXPRESSION AND EVOLVEMENT

Aiming at the problem of abstract and polytype information modeling in product conceptual design, a method of conceptual modeling based on logical expression and evolvement is presented. Based on the logic expressions of the product conceptual design information, a fimction/logic/strucmre mapping model is set up. First, the fimction semantics is transformed into logical expressions through fimction/logic mapping. Second, the methods of logical evolvement are utilized to describe the fimction analysis, fimction/strucmre mapping and structure combination. Last, the logical structure scheme is transformed into geometrical sketch through logic/structure mapping. The conceptual design information and modeling process are described uniformly with logical methods in the model, and an effective method for computer aided conceptual design based on the model is implemented.

Sequential Therapy Based on Evolvement of Patterns: A New Model for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

In order to solve the problem of long-term (>9 months) efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by conventional therapy (CT), a staged and multiply-targeted sequential therapy based on the evolvement of patterns (STEP) was developed. Its main innovations include:(1) the time order of evolution of patterns defined by Chinese medicine (CM) in AD was found, that is,"the orderly pattern evolution starting from Shen (Kidney) deficiency, progressing to phlegm, stasis and fire, and worsening to severe toxin as well as functional collapse";(2) the cascade hypothesis of Shen deficiency in AD and its sequential therapy based on Shen-reinforcing was proposed, that is,"reinforcing Shen in the early stage and throughout the whole process, resolving phlegm, activating blood and purging fire in the middle stage, detoxifying and replenishing vitality to stop the collapse in the advanced stage", and through meta-analysis, clinical drug use was optimized, thus the leap from "inferential selection" to "evidence-based selection" was realized;(3) the STEP regimen combined with CT maintained cognitive and behavioral stability in AD patients for at least 12 months, with cognitive enhancement and behavioral synergy after 9 months, and cognitive benefit was superior to CT at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months, respectively. The 2-year cognitive improvement rate was increased by 25.64%(P=0.020) and the cognitive deterioration rate was decreased by 48.71%(P=0.000). Among them, the cognitive and functional benefits of Shen-reinforcing therapy for very early AD (350 cases) for 1 year were better than the placebo (P<0.001), and the dementia conversion rate was reduced by 8.85%(P=0.002). The behavioral symptomatic relief of patients with vascular dementia received fire-purging therapy (540 cases) was superior to those received CT (P=0.016). These data suggested that the STEP regimen has synergistic effects on CTs at least in terms of cognitive benefit, and the earlier the use, the greater the benefit will have. Therefore, the STEP regimen should be considered as one of the clinical options, particularly for the dearth of effective pharmaceutical or immunological interventions that are currently available for AD.

Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction Analysis of the Correlation of Chinese Medicine Syndrome Evolvement and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease

Objective： To analyze the correlation of Chinese medicine syndrome evolvement and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods： This prospective cohort study investigated and collected the clinical information of patients with stable CHD and observed the syndrome type at the baseline and 6-month at follow-up, as well as the cardiovascular events during the 6-month and 12-month follow-up. The patients were divided into the event group and the non-event group. The interaction and the impact of syndrome evolvement on cardiovascular events were examined through multifactor dimensionality reduction （MDR） analysis and the results were verified by Chi-square test. Results： Totally 1,333 of 1,503 stable CHD patients enrolled met the inclusion criteria of MDR analysis. Among them, 959 （71.9%） cases were males and 374 （28.1%） cases were females. Thirty seven cases had cardiovascular events during 6 to 12 months after the study began. The results of the MDR analysis and verification using Chi-square test showed that the development of cardiovascular events was positively correlated with interaction between blood stasis and toxic syndrome at the baseline, blood stasis at the baseline and qi deficiency at the 6-month follow-up, toxic syndrome at the baseline and qi deficiency at the 6-month follow-up, toxic syndrome at the base line and blood stasis at the 6-month follow-up, qi deficiency and blood stasis at the 6-month follow-up （P〈0.05 for all）. Conclusions： Blood stasis, toxic syndrome and qi deficiency are important factors of stable CHD. There are positive correlation between cardiovascular events and syndrome evolution from blood stasis to qi deficiency, from toxic syndrome to qi deficiency and from toxic syndrome to blood stasis, indicating the pathogenesis of toxin consuming qi, toxin leading to blood-stasis in stable CHD patients prone to recurrent cardiovascular events.

The relationship between the growth process of the ferromanganese crusts in the Pacific seamount and Cenozoic ocean evolvement

Base on the Os isotope stratigraphy together with the empirical growth rate models using Co concentrations, the growth ages of the ferromanganese crusts MHD79 and MP3D10 distributed in the seamount of Pacific are confirmed. Through the contrast and research on the previous achievements including ODP Leg 144 and the crusts CD29-2, N5E-06 and N1-15 of the seamount of the Central Pacific, the uniform five growth and growth hiatus periods of them are found, and closely related to the Cenozoic ocean evolvement process. In the Paleocene Carbon Isotope Maximum (PCIM), the rise of the global ocean productivity promoted the growth of the seamount crust; the first growth hiatus (I) of the ferromanganese crust finished. In the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), though the vertical exchange of seawater was weakened, the strong terrestrial chemical weathering led to the input of a great amount of the terrigenous nutrients, which made the bioproductivity rise, so there were no crust hiatuses. During 52-50 Ma, the Early Eocene Optimum Climate (EECO), the two poles were warm, the latitudinal temperature gradient was small, the wind-driven sea circulation and upwelling activity were weak, the terrestrial weathering was also weakened, the open ocean bioproductivity decreased, and the ferromanganese crust had growth hiatus again (II). From early Middle Eocene-Late Eocene, Oligocene, it was a long-term gradually cooling process, the strengthening of the sea circulation and upwelling led to a rise of bioproductivity, and increase of the content of the hydrogenous element Fe, Mn and Co and the biogenous element Cu, Zn, so that was the most favorable stage for the growth of ferromanganese crust (growth periods III and IV) in the studied area. The hiatus III corresponded with the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, is inferred to relate with the global climate transformation, celestial body impact event in the Eocene-Oligocene transition. From the early to the middle Miocene, a large-scale growth hiatus (hiatus period IV) of the ferromanganese crust in the studied area is inferred to relate with temporary warm up climate and ephemeral withdrawal of Antarctic bottom water in the early Miocene. After that, the Antarctic ice sheets extended, the bottom water circumfluence strengthened, the ocean fertility increased, and the once interrupted crust continued to grow in the late Miocene (growth period V).

Role of fullerenols derivative 3HFWC in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Fullerenes:The extensive development of nanoscience that has marked this century continues to evolve,producing new materials,structures,and devices for the treatments of diverse pathologies.Fullerenes are a family of nanoparticles with great applicative promise due to their small size(approximately 1 nm in diameter),structure,and capacity to cross biological barriers.

Co-pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge with Paint Sludge: Kinetics and Thermodynamic Analysis via Iso-conversional Methods

This study explored the synergistic interaction of sewage sludge(SS)and automotive paint sludge(PS)during co-pyrolysis for the optimized treatment of sewage sludge in cement kiln systems,utilizing thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry(TGA-MS).The result reveals the coexisting synergistic and antagonistic effects in the co-pyrolysis of SS/PS.The synergistic effect arises from hydrogen free radicals in SS and catalytic components in PS,while the main source of the antagonistic effect is that,during the mechanical mixing process,the SS/PS is converted from the particulate form into a dough-like rubbery which contributes to the film-forming effect,hindering the volatilization of volatile components.SS/PS co-pyrolysis reduces the yielding of tar production while increasing coke and gas.This study will provide some in-depth insights into the co-pyrolysis of SS/PS,and offer theoretical support for the subsequent research on the collaborative disposal processes in cement kilns.

Ultrathin Limit on the Anisotropic Superconductivity of Single-Layered Cuprate Films

Exploring dimensionality effects on cuprates is important for understanding the nature of high-temperature superconductivity.By atomically layer-by-layer growth with oxide molecular beam epitaxy,we demonstrate that La_(2−x)Sr_(x)CuO_(4)(x=0.15)thin films remain superconducting down to 2 unit cells of thickness but quickly reach the maximum superconducting transition temperature at and above 4 unit cells.By fitting the critical magnetic field(μ0H_(c2)),we show that the anisotropy of the film’s superconductivity increases with decreasing film thickness,indicating that the superconductivity of the film gradually evolves from weak three-to two-dimensional character.These results are helpful to gain more insight into the nature of high-temperature superconductivity with dimensionality.

Genetic mechanism of body size variation in groupers:Insights from phylotranscriptomics

Animal body size variation is of particular interest in evolutionary biology,but the genetic basis remains largely unknown.Previous studies have shown the presence of two parallel evolutionary genetic clusters within the fish genus Epinephelus with evident divergence in body size,providing an excellent opportunity to investigate the genetic basis of body size variation in vertebrates.Herein,we performed phylotranscriptomic analysis and reconstructed the phylogeny of 13 epinephelids originating from the South China Sea.Two genetic clades with an estimated divergence time of approximately 15.4 million years ago were correlated with large and small body size,respectively.A total of 180 rapidly evolving genes and two positively selected genes were identified between the two groups.Functional enrichment analyses of these candidate genes revealed distinct enrichment categories between the two groups.These pathways and genes may play important roles in body size variation in groupers through complex regulatory networks.Based on our results,we speculate that the ancestors of the two divergent groups of groupers may have adapted to different environments through habitat selection,leading to genetic variations in metabolic patterns,organ development,and lifespan,resulting in body size divergence between the two locally adapted populations.These findings provide important insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying body size variation in groupers and species differentiation.

Spatial-temporal distribution and geochemistry of highly evolved Mesozoic granites in Great Xing’an Range,NE China:Discriminant criteria and geological significance

Highly evolved granite is an important sign of the mature continent crust and closely associated with deposits of rare metals.In this work,the authors undertake systematically zircon U-Pb ages and whole rock elemental data for highly evolved granitic intrusions from the Great Xing’an Range(GXR),NE China,to elucidate their discriminant criteria,spatial-temporal distribution,differentiation and geodynamic mecha-nism.Geochemical data of these highly evolved granites suggest that high w(SiO_(2))(>70%)and differentiation index(DI>88)could be quantified indicators,while strong Eu depletion,high TE_(1,3),lowΣREE and low Zr/Hf,Nb/Ta,K/Rb could only be qualitative indicators.Zircon U-Pb ages suggest that the highly evolved gran-ites in the GXR were mainly formed in Late Mesozoic,which can be divided into two major stages:Late Ju-rassic-early Early Cretaceous(162-136 Ma,peak at 138 Ma),and late Early Cretaceous(136-106 Ma,peak at 126 Ma).The highly evolved granites are mainly distributed in the central-southern GXR,and display a weakly trend of getting younger from northwest to southeast,meanwhile indicating the metallogenic potential of rare metals within the central GXR.The spatial-temporal distribution,combined with regional geological data,indicates the highly evolved Mesozoic granites in the GXR were emplaced in an extensional environ-ment,of which the Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous extension was related to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate,while the late Early Cretaceous extension was mainly related to the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.

Closer Trade Ties:An Engine for Economic Growth

The origins of Malaysia-China ties can be traced back to ancient trade of goods.Throughout history,the bilateral relationship has endured ebbs and flows to evolve into full-fledged diplomatic and economic interactions.This evolution reflects changes in Southeast Asian and global landscapes,which have been heavily influenced by post-World War II realignment,Cold War politics,and the rise of China.

英国高中地理教材栏目设置的特点及启示——以Geography B Evolving Planet为例

以英国中学地理教材Geography B Evolving Planet中的教材栏目为研究对象,结合其在教材中实际发挥的功能,将八种主要的教材栏目划分为问题思考类、技能训练类、信息提示类和考试导向类四大类。这四大类教材栏目体现出了不同的特点。问题思考类栏目指向不同教学目标,技能训练类栏目凸显实用性和应用性的学科特色,信息提示类栏目关注学生心理特点,考试导向类栏目提高应试答题技巧。受此启发,未来我国中学地理教材栏目设置应有所侧重,即教材栏目在内容设置上要注重针对性,在形式设置上要增加多样性,在外观设置上要注重醒目性。

Editorial:Driving into Future with Reliable,Secure,Efficient and Intelligent MetaVehicles

Welcome to the sixth issue of the IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica(JAS)in 2023!In the first issue in 2023,I briefly discussed about MetaVehicles,a technological expression of intelligent vehicles,robotics,AI,blockchain,knowledge automation,networking and communication[1].As the concept of the Metaverse continues to evolve and expand,the range of vehicle entities is diversely enlarged,including passenger vehicles,heavy duty vehicles,rail vehicles,marine vehicles,aerial vehicles,and other types of transportation.The development and use of MetaVehicles are likely to become more sophisticated.Therefore,from a systems and control perspective,new methods of control,estimation and optimization should be developed to achieve the improved vehicular control system stability and reliability in the physical space.

Subspace Clustering in High-Dimensional Data Streams:A Systematic Literature Review

Clustering high dimensional data is challenging as data dimensionality increases the distance between data points,resulting in sparse regions that degrade clustering performance.Subspace clustering is a common approach for processing high-dimensional data by finding relevant features for each cluster in the data space.Subspace clustering methods extend traditional clustering to account for the constraints imposed by data streams.Data streams are not only high-dimensional,but also unbounded and evolving.This necessitates the development of subspace clustering algorithms that can handle high dimensionality and adapt to the unique characteristics of data streams.Although many articles have contributed to the literature review on data stream clustering,there is currently no specific review on subspace clustering algorithms in high-dimensional data streams.Therefore,this article aims to systematically review the existing literature on subspace clustering of data streams in high-dimensional streaming environments.The review follows a systematic methodological approach and includes 18 articles for the final analysis.The analysis focused on two research questions related to the general clustering process and dealing with the unbounded and evolving characteristics of data streams.The main findings relate to six elements:clustering process,cluster search,subspace search,synopsis structure,cluster maintenance,and evaluation measures.Most algorithms use a two-phase clustering approach consisting of an initialization stage,a refinement stage,a cluster maintenance stage,and a final clustering stage.The density-based top-down subspace clustering approach is more widely used than the others because it is able to distinguish true clusters and outliers using projected microclusters.Most algorithms implicitly adapt to the evolving nature of the data stream by using a time fading function that is sensitive to outliers.Future work can focus on the clustering framework,parameter optimization,subspace search techniques,memory-efficient synopsis structures,explicit cluster change detection,and intrinsic performance metrics.This article can serve as a guide for researchers interested in high-dimensional subspace clustering methods for data streams.

An Overview of Government-Market Relationships:Evolving Perceptions,Role of the Market,and Government Functions

Building a high-level socialist market economy is conducive to giving full play to the market’s decisive role in resource allocations and bringing the government into better play.Correctly handling the market and the government relationships has been a central issue in China’s economic structural reform.Giving a comprehensive review and summary of the research findings achieved by the theoretical and academic circles in China,we generalize the evolution and working mechanisms of China’s socialist market economy system,following the developing trajectory and logic of relevant literature,focusing on the three aspects of evolving perceptions,the role of the market,and the functions of the government.Based on our literature overview,we also induced and extracted the basic conclusions and evolutionary features of relevant research and made suggestions for the future direction of theoretical research regarding China’s socialist market economy.

Courtside to Catwalk--Surging demand for sports fashion in China captures consumer interest

A mid the ever-changing tides of fashion,Arc’teryx,a high-performance outdoor equipment brand known for leading innovations in outdoor apparel tech and once beloved by middleaged outdoor enthusiasts,has now secured a place as social currency for Chinese trendsetters.Salomon,once associated with the“ugly shoe”aesthetic exclusive to mountaineers,has become a coveted fashion essential,commanding premium prices driven by fervent demand.In addition,as the Lululemon brand evolves from its body-conscious fit origins for yoga enthusiasts to a versatile wardrobe staple for commuters.

CHINA-ASEAN INTEGRATION THRIVES ON SHARED CULTURAL TIES AND MUTUAL BENEFITS

China’s Belt and Road Initiative is now in its tenth year.Practical experience has shown that the countries that comprise the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)make up a favorable region for Chinese entrepreneurs to expand their overseas endeavors,a region that has the potential to evolve into a model area for the BRI.

Crucial, But not Systematically Investigated: Rock Glaciers, the Concealed Water Reservoirs of the Himalayas: An Opinion

The current article is an opinion on the sensitivity of high mountain regions which are the most fragile,sensitive and vulnerable to ongoing climate change.Its impacts are especially severe on the high mountain communities owing to their weak socio-economic profile,limited livelihood resources and agricultural land.The melting of glaciers and changes in the snow cover under the climate change scenario is leading to the scarcity of freshwater supplies,affecting both local and downstream communities.Changes in the precipitation patterns have been suggested to cause droughts,impact restricted agriculture,and limit the availability of water for domestic use.Additionally,the high mountain areas contain distinct flora and fauna,and climate change is not just altering them,but also has resulted in biodiversity loss as species are unable to adapt to the changing climate.Because of its higher altitudes and semi-arid to arid climate,the consequences of climate change are more evident in the higher Himalayas.Climate change is affecting the availability of key resources,such as freshwater and agriculture and pasture lands,resulting in food and water insecurity and their reliance on imports from other regions.As a result,high mountain communities in the Himalayas are progressively shifting to higher glacier valleys in search of suitable cultivable land with adequate irrigation.People are engaging in agro-pastoral activities around thermokarst lakes(Oasis)atop rock glaciers as part of this endeavour.Such actions underscore the crucial role of rock glaciers in dealing with and adjusting to the consequences of climate change.Despite its relevance,rock glacier research in the Himalayan region is still in its infancy.The purpose of this work is to emphasise the significance of these major climate-resilient water resources,as well as the methodology that must be adopted for their systematic and compressive investigations.