自1951年《关于难民地位的公约》(《日内瓦公约》)生效以来,面对全世界范围内不断加剧的难民危机,越来越多的国家倾向于区域内寻求合作,履行难民保护的国际义务,分担保护难民的责任,"安全第三国"(Safe Third Country)的概念...自1951年《关于难民地位的公约》(《日内瓦公约》)生效以来,面对全世界范围内不断加剧的难民危机,越来越多的国家倾向于区域内寻求合作,履行难民保护的国际义务,分担保护难民的责任,"安全第三国"(Safe Third Country)的概念也应运而生。该概念产生于欧洲,并在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家得到不同程度的模仿和实践。然而,国家和国家以及区域组织间以双边条约的形式对"安全第三国"原则的实践本质上违反了《难民地位公约》所规定的"不推回原则",其不可避免地扩大化必须以难民权利的有效保障为前提。我国边境地区也时常有难民涌入的情况发生,而目前世界上亚太地区的难民保护区域合作机制最不完善,因此对这一问题的厘清,有利于我国未来在探索难民保护的区域合作中把握好方向。展开更多
The paper argues that the European Union’s(EU)policy of externalising migration management to transit states contrasts its founding values.Thereby,values enshrined under Article 2 TEU are intentionally interpreted in...The paper argues that the European Union’s(EU)policy of externalising migration management to transit states contrasts its founding values.Thereby,values enshrined under Article 2 TEU are intentionally interpreted in such a way to evade humanitarian responsibility concerning asylum seekers,arising from the EU and international treaty law.The paper examines the changing meanings of the principle of solidarity and argues that the solidarity has been interpreted in all possible meanings expect as a humanitarian norm to ensure that Union’s externalisation policy doesn’t contradict its founding values.It further argues that the Union’s externalisation policy encourages the transit states to evade responsibility by constructing their asylum policies on the same lines.Therefore,the EU becomes a source of adversely implicating humanitarian values in the world.The paper concludes by arguing that humanitarian interpretation of solidarity has become an issue of survival and morality for the Union.展开更多
The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and its Protocol in 1967 set Four Essentials to limit the definition of "refugee". The concept of complementary protection emerged in aca...The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and its Protocol in 1967 set Four Essentials to limit the definition of "refugee". The concept of complementary protection emerged in academia and practice for those who, though they do not have the essentials,are in need of protection. Complementary protection is considered not only a moral obligation, but also a legal obligation. Although as the result of developing the principle of "non-refoulement" in international law, "complementary protection" should be limited when economic and social rights are concerned. The development of the non-refoulement principle and the emergence of "complementary protection" are based on the Erga Omnes of human rights. The International Court of Justice has restricted the emergence and evolvement of obligations Erga Omnes within the scope of obligations concerning fundamental and non-derogable human rights, and therefore,the application of "complementary protection" in protecting economic and social rights has been limited. Only when the unbalance of economic and social rights has been serious enough to impact other fundamental human rights will the obligation of "complementary protection" ensue.展开更多
文摘自1951年《关于难民地位的公约》(《日内瓦公约》)生效以来,面对全世界范围内不断加剧的难民危机,越来越多的国家倾向于区域内寻求合作,履行难民保护的国际义务,分担保护难民的责任,"安全第三国"(Safe Third Country)的概念也应运而生。该概念产生于欧洲,并在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家得到不同程度的模仿和实践。然而,国家和国家以及区域组织间以双边条约的形式对"安全第三国"原则的实践本质上违反了《难民地位公约》所规定的"不推回原则",其不可避免地扩大化必须以难民权利的有效保障为前提。我国边境地区也时常有难民涌入的情况发生,而目前世界上亚太地区的难民保护区域合作机制最不完善,因此对这一问题的厘清,有利于我国未来在探索难民保护的区域合作中把握好方向。
文摘The paper argues that the European Union’s(EU)policy of externalising migration management to transit states contrasts its founding values.Thereby,values enshrined under Article 2 TEU are intentionally interpreted in such a way to evade humanitarian responsibility concerning asylum seekers,arising from the EU and international treaty law.The paper examines the changing meanings of the principle of solidarity and argues that the solidarity has been interpreted in all possible meanings expect as a humanitarian norm to ensure that Union’s externalisation policy doesn’t contradict its founding values.It further argues that the Union’s externalisation policy encourages the transit states to evade responsibility by constructing their asylum policies on the same lines.Therefore,the EU becomes a source of adversely implicating humanitarian values in the world.The paper concludes by arguing that humanitarian interpretation of solidarity has become an issue of survival and morality for the Union.
文摘The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 and its Protocol in 1967 set Four Essentials to limit the definition of "refugee". The concept of complementary protection emerged in academia and practice for those who, though they do not have the essentials,are in need of protection. Complementary protection is considered not only a moral obligation, but also a legal obligation. Although as the result of developing the principle of "non-refoulement" in international law, "complementary protection" should be limited when economic and social rights are concerned. The development of the non-refoulement principle and the emergence of "complementary protection" are based on the Erga Omnes of human rights. The International Court of Justice has restricted the emergence and evolvement of obligations Erga Omnes within the scope of obligations concerning fundamental and non-derogable human rights, and therefore,the application of "complementary protection" in protecting economic and social rights has been limited. Only when the unbalance of economic and social rights has been serious enough to impact other fundamental human rights will the obligation of "complementary protection" ensue.
