Build neural network models to identify and correct news headlines exaggerating obesity-related scientific findings

Purpose:Media exaggerations of health research may confuse readers’understanding,erode public trust in science and medicine,and cause disease mismanagement.This study built artificial intelligence(AI)models to automatically identify and correct news headlines exaggerating obesity-related research findings.Design/methodology/approach:We searched popular digital media outlets to collect 523 headlines exaggerating obesity-related research findings.The reasons for exaggerations include:inferring causality from observational studies,inferring human outcomes from animal research,inferring distant/end outcomes(e.g.,obesity)from immediate/intermediate outcomes(e.g.,calorie intake),and generalizing findings to the population from a subgroup or convenience sample.Each headline was paired with the title and abstract of the peer-reviewed journal publication covered by the news article.We drafted an exaggeration-free counterpart for each original headline and fined-tuned a BERT model to differentiate between them.We further fine-tuned three generative language models-BART,PEGASUS,and T5 to autogenerate exaggeration-free headlines based on a journal publication’s title and abstract.Model performance was evaluated using the ROUGE metrics by comparing model-generated headlines with journal publication titles.Findings:The fine-tuned BERT model achieved 92.5%accuracy in differentiating between exaggeration-free and original headlines.Baseline ROUGE scores averaged 0.311 for ROUGE-1,0.113 for ROUGE-2,0.253 for ROUGE-L,and 0.253 ROUGE-Lsum.PEGASUS,T5,and BART all outperformed the baseline.The best-performing BART model attained 0.447 for ROUGE-1,0.221 for ROUGE-2,0.402 for ROUGE-L,and 0.402 for ROUGE-Lsum.Originality/value:This study demonstrated the feasibility of leveraging AI to automatically identify and correct news headlines exaggerating obesity-related research findings.

Who Is Exaggerating China’s Rise?

PRIMITIVE FARM: China still needs much work to increase its overall strength The extravaganza delivered by the Beijing Olympics tends to be described as eye-catching and even amazing in the international media,and has recently stirred a heated debate:What is behind the splendid fireworks?

Exercise Intolerance and Excessive Chronotropic Response Due to Possible Autonomic Dysfunction Post COVID-19 Infection

Introduction and Objectives: In patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of Coronavirus 2 infection (PASC), a post infectious autonomic dysfunction may be one of the underlying mechanisms. Patients often present with exercise intolerance and exaggerated heart rate response to exercise. We report a single centre experience of patients with PACS and suspected autonomic dysfunction. Methods: Forty-two patients evaluated in the Outpatient Cardiology Department with suspected PASC were included in the study. Patients complained of compromised exercise performance persisting >3 months after recovery from COVID-19 infection, compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. The patients were evaluated with 12-lead electrocardiogram, echocardiography, 24-hour ECG ambulatory monitoring and either exercise stress test or a 6-minute walk test. Results: All 42 patients demonstrated an exaggerated chronotropic response, defined as the inappropriate increase in heart rate before the 6th minute of exercise >100% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate value with reproduction of clinical symptoms. In addition, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography revealed an increased mean heart rate of 92 beats/minute and decreased mean standard deviation of sequential 5-minute N-N interval (SDNN) of 74.4 ms. Pharmaceutical treatment with b-blockers, ivabradine or both was administrated in 29 (69%) resulting in symptomatic improvement in 82.8% of those under treatment. However, residual symptoms persisted in 69% of patients after 3 months. Conclusions: In patients with “Post-acute COVID-19” syndrome, we found an excessive chronotropic response to exercise suggesting autonomic dysfunction as the underlying mechanism of symptoms. Treatment with beta blockers or ivabradine resulted in clinical improvement but a substantial proportion of patients remained symptomatic.

The Comic Image of City God in Contemporary China

Three short performances from three regional operas present an eccentric comic image of Chenghuang城隍(City God).This serious and formidable god is performed by the role of chou丑(clown),and the role’s physical art shatters the audience’s perception of this god’s traditional image.The role’s exaggerated and awkward body also results in a performance-centered structure in which negative aspects of human nature are vividly portrayed.The eccentric representation brings laughter,but the laughter is also fully charged with Confucian concepts of goodness,righteousness,justice,and tianli天理(the way of heaven).Turning a divine image into a hilarious one is an unconventional manner and also a peculiar tactic of these performers.Through this tactic,these performers not only hide their subtle criticism of the reality and the authority to survive censorship but also disseminate successfully traditional values and folk religious beliefs.This tactic indicates the cultural function of the theater and demonstrates how traditions can remain valid and functional through a force that arises from the interaction between Confucianism,folk religious beliefs,and performance.

塔拉·扎哈:《大逃离:东欧大规模移民及自由世界的形成》（英文）

It would not be an exaggeration to say that the central event in the political history of Europe in the twentieth century was the unmaking of great empires and the making of successor national states.From the Hohenzollern German Empire to the former Yugoslavia,almost all great multinational states of the continent rose and eventually fell in the aftermath of the Great War,the Second World War,and the Cold War.Among all spectacular imperial collapses and sometimes even their rebuilding and re-collapse,the once-for-all fall of the Habsburg Empire in 1918,a relatively lightweight among strong European states,appear not especially significant.But as historians have recently began to recognize,the political culture of the Habsburg Empire in its last years and the successor states had exercised a disproportionally large influence on the making of modern Europe and the world.Among the important questions discussed in recent literature are the territorial disputes of new nation states,1 the cultivation of science and domestic life,2 politics and ideology of liberalism,3 and the making of multinational empire.

Analysis of the figure of speech in Animal farm

George Orwell＇s Animal farm is a satire on human nature. By severe and vivid satiric techniques such as irony, exaggeration, similes and metaphors, Orwell demonstrates that selfishness, lust for power and corruption would lead to the disillusionment of human＇s pursuit of freedom and equality in a classless society.

Exercise Blood Pressure Response and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Middle Aged Women: A MONET Group Study

Objective: To investigate if an exaggerated peak exercise systolic blood pressure (peak ESBP) is associated with alteration of cardiometabolic risk factors and predict future resting hypertension in middle aged women. Methods: Data analysis was performed in 95 healthy normotensive premeno-pausal women at baseline and 84 after 5-year follow-up (age, 49.9 ± 1.9 years;BMI, 23.3 ± 2.2 kg/m2;resting BP, 117/73 ± 11.8/7.6 mmHg). Blood pressure was measured at rest and during a progressive exercise test on treadmill. Women were divided into two groups according to their peak ESBP <190 mmHg vs. ≥190 mmHg. Other outcome measures were: cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak), body composition, body fat distribution and fasting plasma lipids, glucose and insulin levels. Results: 15% and 27% of women presented an exaggerated peak ESBP response (≥190 mmHg) at baseline and year 5 respectively. Linear mixed model repeated measures analysis revealed higher values of fasting glucose, resting systolic and diastolic BP in women with an exaggerated peak ESBP (≥190 mmHg) compared to women with a peak ESBP (<190 mmHg). No significant difference was observed between the two groups for VO2 peak, body composition and body fat distribution indices and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Finally, baseline peak ESBP was not a significant risk factor for future resting hypertension (OR: 2.96, 95%CI [0.48 - 18.12];P = 0.24). Conclusion: Our results, despite being non significant, are of great interest because in healthy and active premenopausal women, exaggerated peak ESBP is not predictive of future hypertension after 5-year follow-up throughout menopause transition.

A Multi-Channel Salience Based Detail Exaggeration Technique for 3D Relief Surfaces

Visual saliency can always persuade the viewer＇s visual attention to fine-scale mesostructure of 3D complex shapes. Owing to the multi-channel salience measure and salience-domain shape modeling technique, a novel visual saliency based shape depiction scheme is presented to exaggerate salient geometric details of the underlying relief surface. Our multi-channel salience measure is calculated by combining three feature maps, i.e., the 0-order feature map of local height distribution, the l-order feature map of normal difference, and the 2-order feature map of mean curvature variation. The original relief surface is firstly manipulated by a salience-domain enhancement function, and the detail exaggeration surface can then be obtained by adjusting the surface normals of the original surface as the corresponding final normals of the manipulated surface. The advantage of our detail exaggeration technique is that it can adaptively alter the shading of the original shape to reveal visually salient features whilst keeping the desired appearance unimpaired. The experimental results demonstrate that our non-photorealistic shading scheme can enhance the surface mesostructure effectively and thus improving the shape depiction of the relief surfaces.

The Natural Imagery in the Zhuangzh A Preliminary Study

This essay presents a preliminary examination of the use of natural imagery in the Inner Chapters of the Zhuangzi. The essay analyzes the characteristics of this imagery and the possible reasons for Zhuangzi＇s particular use of fantastic language, exaggeration, and fiction in connection with natural images. In doing so, I also compare the Zhuangzi with several important classical Chinese and Greek texts. In addition, I explore the possible motivations for and influence exerted by Zhuangzi＇s use of natural imagery. The essay aims to demonstrate that an analysis of the roles played by natural imagery in the Zhuangzi contributes significantly to our understanding of the work as a whole, as well as its abiding influence on later works.

An Exaggerated Art

Tian Li’s work expresses a strong rhythm and inner tension His painting consists of dots and lines, full of the passion and imagination of modern society If you focus on the dots and lines, you can walk into the soul of the painter. The flying bird has become a symbol of society For hundreds of thousands of years, humans, just like birds, farmed groups, passing through time and space The Forbidden City is deformed in Tian Li’s work Strong colors break the lirnita-